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INTRODUCTION Sate of the art on the indications, methods of implementation and medico-economic considerations of reusable flexible ureteroscopes (URSr) vs single use (URSuu)? METHOD Review of the literature (Pubmed) on reusable and single-use ureteroscopes, as well as on the expertise of our center. A PubMed search and narrative review of the data was performed in July 2021. Only articles in French or English were selected. RESULTS The URSr and URSuu have similar technical characteristics and are suitable for the exploration of the upper urinary excretory tract: treatment of stones of the kidney

Danau Teluk Sub-District is one of the sub-districts in Jambi City. The waste production produced by Danau Teluk Sub-District based on DLH Jambi City data in 2020 reached 8,793.99 kg/day with a population of 12,563 people. In Danau Teluk Sub-District, the production of managed waste reached 71.05% and unmanaged waste reached 28.95%. Compared to other sub-districts, the percentage of managed waste is the lowest and the percentage of unmanaged waste is the highest. This research is conducted on influencing factors using distribution frequency and multiple linear regression, community and government involvement using distribution frequency and chi-square, and determining strategic priorities in household solid waste management using SWOT. Based on the results of the study, there are two factors that influence the management of household solid waste, namely behaviour and knowledge of local regulations, there are two factors that relate to the management of household solid waste, namely implementation and supervision, then the strategic are to carry out waste reduction starting from the source by reducing the use of goods that produce waste and providing data on waste management that is easily accessible to the public such as through social media, websites, television advertisements, bulletin boards, etc.

In recent years, mechanochemistry has been growing into a widely accepted alternative for chemical synthesis. In addition to their efficiency and practicality, mechanochemical reactions are also recognized for their sustainability. The association between mechanochemistry and Green Chemistry often originates from the solvent-free nature of most mechanochemical protocols, which can reduce waste production. However, mechanochemistry satisfies more than one of the Principles of Green Chemistry. In this Review we will present a series of examples that will clearly illustrate how mechanochemistry can significantly contribute to the fulfillment of Green Chemistry in a more holistic manner.

Vegetable and fruit wastes (VFW) comprise a large portion of wastes that contribute to pollution in different ways. This is because there is a large demand for such perishable products by all countries. The Turkish economy was mostly depending on agriculture before 40 years ago but due to globalization this has been changed into industrialization. Even though the industrialization dominates, the consumption of fruits and vegetables has been in an increasing trend in Turkey and its environs. The usage of such resources can be regulated by governments and organizations to avoid overusing them. Also, there are many ways for treating such inevitable wastes. To mention a few, extracting pigment, antioxidants, pesticides, producing single-celled proteins, enzymes, biofertilizers, green energy, and many others from the wastes can be done.

Adsorbent-based microextraction is a dynamic and simple sample preparation that allows for simultaneous extraction and enrichment of targeted analytes from a sample matrix. Its versatility, efficiency, and compliance with green analysis have contributed to its popularity against conventional solid-phase extraction. This review focuses on the current state of the art, future trends in experimental design, and critical aspects of adsorbent-based microextraction techniques considered for extraction and preconcentration of different classes of micropollutants in environmental waters. Despite solid-phase microextraction has shown exceptional flexibility in routine microscale extraction, the other adsorbent-based microanalytical work continues to experience an enormous increase in innovation. Discussions are focused on recent studies utilizing different modes include dispersive, magnetic, bar sorptive, membrane-protected, and thin film for introducing adsorbents in an aqueous media. Cogently, the developed micro-scale procedure using functionalized adsorbent has shown distinct advantages over conventional methods. Modifications were aimed at shortening the time for analysis, minimal waste production, and robustness over the complexity of sample matrices. Adsorbent selection is now widening from commercial materials like activated carbon to newly synthesized materials such as metal-organic framework. The final section discusses the current progress on hybrid approaches and the intended future directions to further explore and popularize the adsorbent-based microextraction. This review guides the audiences with an introductory, succinct discussion of the basic concepts of the adsorbent-based microextraction and the success story of the high-throughput real sample analysis.

Reducing waste and pollution are imperative needs of our time. Manufacturers, especially large, transnational companies, can lead the way by adopting more sustainable practices. One of the practices is the adoption of circular economy models in manufacturing enabling the transition from the current linear “take-make-dispose” model to closed loop economy models that reduce waste production. One of the largest, most innovative sectors in Europe is the automotive industry. The aim of this study is to formalise the main key performance indicators that actors across the value chain of the automotive industry need to monitor as they were brought forward from the EU funded H2020 research programme DigiPrime.

Conventional agriculture often relies on bulky doses of fertilizers and pesticides that have adversely affected the living beings as well as the ecosystems. As a basic tenet of sustainable agriculture, minimum agrochemicals should be used so that the environment can be protected and various species can be conserved. Further, sustainable agriculture should be a low input system, where the production costs are lower and net returns are higher. The application of nanotechnology in agriculture can significantly enhance the efficiency of agricultural inputs and thus it offers a significant way to maintain sustainable development of agroecosystems via nanoparticles. In this regard, nano-plant growth promoters, nanopesticides, nanofertilizers, nano-herbicides, agrochemical encapsulated nanocarrier systems etc. have been developed for the potential applications in agriculture. These can have great benefits for agriculture, including higher production of crops, inhibition of plant pathogens, removal of unwanted weeds and insects with lesser cost, energy and waste production. However, there are several concerns related to the use of nanoparticles in agriculture. These include the approaches for synthesis, their mechanisms of penetration to applied surfaces and the risks involved. Though, advent of new technologies has significantly improved the synthesis and application of nanomaterials in agriculture, there are many uncertainties regarding nano-synthesis, their way of utilization, uptake and internalization inside the crop cells. Therefore, an elaborate investigation is required for deciphering the engineered nanomaterials, assessing their mechanistic application and agroecological toxicity. Hence, this review is aimed to critically highlight the NPs material application and points towards the vital gaps in the use of nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture.

This study aimed to examine the impact of poor solid waste management on student’s health care at Gondar University of “Tewodros” campus. The study used a mixed-method approach. To recruit sample respondents', both probability and non-probability sampling methods have been employed. In the meantime, the study revealed the sources of solid waste, it is understood that the poorly collected and managed solid wastes of the study area due to the lack of necessary materials and facilities of waste collection, lack of laborers engaged in street sweeping and daily removal of solid waste is now becoming the major causes of environmental problems such as surface and groundwater pollution problems. Besides, the student’s health office personnel in the interview approached the general health status of the students on the campus during this year. Accordingly, dysentery, common cold, and typhoid are the most frequently appear disease on the Tewodros campus. Therefore, there should be a “students committee “at the campus level to control illegal dumping and to develop practice and habits of poor waste handling and disposal in the community, and there must be apparent regulation and policy frameworks that prohibit poor waste management.

Objetivo: Descrever, a partir de um relato de caso, a atuação da nutrição clínica na redução da produção de resíduos por retorno de refeições (almoço) de pacientes hospitalizados não consumidas. Método: Após uma semana teste onde foi observado o quantitativo de refeições intactas que retornava do almoço diário dos pacientes, foram traçadas estimativas de desperdício diárias e mensais. Nesse momento foi realizado uma intervenção na atuação da nutrição clínica com objetivo de reduzir a compra de refeições evitáveis sendo esses dados coletados por três meses subsequente a intervenção. Resultados: Foi observado que o principal fator que influenciou no retorno da refeição foi o jejum seguido de alta hospitalar. Ao final do terceiro mês foi observado uma economia real de R$ 3.781,53 consequente do resultado da captação precoce das principais causas de retorno. No mês de fevereiro houve a maior redução na compra de refeições evitáveis e no mês de abril o menor retorno em número de refeições (28/mês totalizado 14 kg). Conclusão: Foi possível observar que a intervenção proposta apresentou resultado positivo na redução da produção de resíduos e custo.

The application of emerging technologies such as ultrasound, microwaves and high hydrostatic pressure, allows the extraction of compounds in a sustainable manner from a vegetable matrix with a high value such as jackfruit leaf proteins (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam). Currently, the main method of protein extraction is based on the precipitation with the use of an aggressive solvent, therefore it is necessary to optimize extraction methods with a minimum waste production. In the protein extraction of jackfruit leaves, we obtained a content of 84.1 mg/g using solvents. On the other hand, emergent extractions such as ultrasound, microwaves, and high hydrostatic pressure showed concentrations of 96.3, 95.6 and 147.3 mg/g, respectively. In addition, we found that the best extraction agent was 0.5 M NaCl, offering a range of possibilities that support green technologies as an imperative change in the food industry.

In recent years, Yokohama City, Japan, has seen substantial efforts to address socio-environmental issues. One such effort is the G-30 program, which has helped reduce garbage waste production by 4...

The hospital wastes could threaten the surface waters, ground waters, soil, air environment and humans’ health. This study was intended to investigate the management of medical waste generated in hospitals of Charharmahal and Bakhtiari province, located in south west of Iran. The samples came from all 9 province’s hospitals with 1156 beds. The data forms and questionnaires were completed. The questionnaire contained questions about the generation of waste and practices related to separation, collection, storage, transport, treatment and final disposal, and training and awareness. The highest generation rate on a bed basis of 3.22±0.4 kg/bed/day was found in Shohada hospital, and the lowest rate was 1.37±0.2 kg/bed/day for Sina hospital. There was significant variation (P

Healthcare waste is likely to increase with a rise in the global population and access to medical care. The main reasons to optimise waste management are the statutory duty of care, to reduce environmental impact, for the health and safety of personnel and to reduce financial costs. Working up the waste hierarchy, the priority must be the initial prevention of waste production. This article provides a guide to managing healthcare waste and ways to try and reduce its environmental impact.

The rapid growth of industry and economy and the increase in incomes have led to the influx of people to big cities and thus a sharp increase in waste production. Inappropriate waste management dam...

Additive manufacturing is a new emerging technology which is ideal for low-to-zero waste production, and it is considered to be a green and clean process that has the potential to lower the cost and energy consumption of production. However, the cost of the feedstock for additive manufacturing and the additive manufactured parts is usually very high, which hinders the further application of additive manufacturing, especially for the metal additive manufacturing. The concept of circular metal additive manufacturing involves the recycling of the metal feedstock and the additive manufactured parts leading to the truly zero waste production and the most energy saving. This paper reviews the technologies that help the formation of a circular metal additive manufacturing through recycling of the feedstocks and the damaged metal parts. Reactive metals, such as titanium, tend to be contaminated easily during handling and production. Recycling of the titanium for achieving a circular titanium additive manufacturing is reviewed in detail.

This study aims to investigate factors contributing to healthcare waste management practices among Libyan public hospitals. The organizational culture and structure are proposed to have their effect upon hospital organizational units in charge of healthcare waste production by a theoretical review to develop two main hypotheses. Hence, this study used the stratified random sampling technique to select respondents such as top management officials, heads of departments, and administrators who work in all the hospitals located in the south of Libya, from whom data was collected. The data for the study was gathered via a survey questionnaire from Libyan public hospitals in the country’s southern region. A total of 210 questionnaires were distributed and 171 usable responses were received, yielding a 70% response rate. Though the findings of the study show some inconsistency, the two dimensions of the culture examined in this study are found to have a positive relationship and significant influence on the management practices of health waste. Besides, it shows the positive relationship between organizational structure and healthcare waste management practices (HWMP). However, the findings of this study suggested that nurses and cleaners’ practices should critically consider structure dimensions such as formalization as well as moderating variables such as hospital location and type of services supplied on the interactions to improve the management of healthcare waste in Libya’s public hospitals.

3D concrete printing (3DCP) is the potential future of total automation in building and construction (B&C) industry. 3D concrete printing which works on the principle of additive manufacturing, has gained significant attention due to its promising benefits such as formwork free and efficient construction, high flexibility in architecture and customized design and minimized waste production etc. However, it is still at primitive stage due to lack of fundamental and comprehensive research on its various components such as printable materials, printed shape of structure, the forces acting on the structure and the printing methods itself. At first, this paper reviews the progress of 3DCP in B&C industry and academia across the world. The paper also highlights the current challenges in the path of use of 3DCP in Building & Construction sector particularly in India. Finally, the authors present their idea to accelerate the use of 3DCP in construction in India.

With the increasing trend of the urban population in Bangladesh, waste generation is also increasing. With 70% organic solid waste, the urban areas generate 23,688 tonnes of waste per day. This rapid enhancement in waste production has an adverse effect onlandfill resources and the day-to-day lifestyle. In this regard adopting waste to energy techniques can be considered good idea to overcome the current waste management problem. This WtE conversion technique solves the landfill resources problem and produces electricity and heat to be supplied. This study aims to investigate the current status of MSW management in Bangladesh and identify the major problems. Here, five fundamental methods such as pyrolysis, incineration, anaerobic digestion (AD), gasification, hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) are reviewed critically and discussed the feasibilities in Bangladesh to generate power. The analysis is done considering different types of parameters like moisture content, calorific value, and residence time. These analyses pertaining to MSW management may be fruitful for encouraging researchers and authorities to improve further., Waste to energy, Solid waste, Waste generation technologies, Energy conversion, Bangladesh.

California's landmark waste diversion law, SB 1383, mandates the diversion of 75% of organic waste entering landfills by 2025. Much of this organic waste will likely be composted and applied to farms. However, compost is expensive and energy intensive to transport, which limits the distance that compost can be shipped. Though the diversion of organic waste from landfills in California has the potential to significantly reduce methane emissions, it is unclear if enough farmland exists in close proximity to each city for the distribution of compost. To address this knowledge gap, we develop the Compost Allocation Network (CAN), a geospatial model that simulates the production and transport of waste for all California cities and farms across a range of scenarios for per capita waste production, compost application rate, and composting conversion rate. We applied this model to answer two questions: how much farmland can be applied with municipal compost and what percentage of the diverted organic waste can be used to supplement local farmland. The results suggest that a composting system that recycles nutrients between cities and local farms has the potential to play a major role in helping California meet SB 1383 while reducing state emissions by -6.3 ± 10.1 MMT CO2e annually.

PURPOSE To determine the amount of waste produced from phacoemulsification surgeries and ways to curtail the problem. SETTING Miri Hospital, Sarawak, Malaysia. DESIGN Prospective study. METHODS Phacoemulsification surgery cases were included in this study; nonphacoemulsification surgeries were excluded. The waste was subdivided into 3 main categories, general waste, clinical waste, and sharps. The waste produced by ophthalmologists and trainees was accounted for separately. The mean weight of waste per case was obtained by dividing the total weight of waste produced with the total number of cases. RESULTS The total waste produced from a total of 203 cases of phacoemulsification surgeries was 167.965 kg, of which, 95.063 kg (56.6%) were clinical waste, 63.197 kg (37.6%) were general waste, and 9.705 kg (5.8%) were sharps; 32.193 kg (50.9%) out of the general waste pool were recyclable waste products. The mean waste production per case of phacoemulsification surgery for an ophthalmologist was 0.814 kg, 1.086 kg per case for a trainee. A case of phacoemulsification surgery would produce 0.282 kg of carbon dioxide equivalents in the setup based on the recyclable general waste. CONCLUSIONS The average waste produced per case of phacoemulsification surgery in Miri Hospital was 0.827 kg. After excluding the recyclable material, the average waste produced per case was 0.669 kg. Following the 3 R's principles (reduce, reuse, and recycle) in the handling of waste production might reduce environmental impact.

The article reviews the scheduled waste management in Malaysia. It describes the scheduled waste classifications, characteristics, the sources of scheduled wastes, the policies and regulations related to scheduled wastes, the management of scheduled wastes in Malaysia and the challenges related to scheduled waste management in Malaysia. Currently, the manufacturing industry has contributed the highest scheduled waste production in Malaysia. Under the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974, the government has set up several legal provisions specifically for scheduled waste generation, storage, transportation, and disposal. The aims are to reduce the potential risks to human and the environment. The paradigm shift from cradle to grave to cradle to cradle concept is a sustainable and sound concept which is inevitable step to minimize the scheduled waste generation in Malaysia.

The determination of suitable landfill sites has become indispensable in recent years as the global generation of waste has increased and the use of unsuitable landfill sites results in negative impacts on the ecosystem. This study demonstrates a scientific approach in identifying appropriate landfill sites. The study includes morphological, environmental and socio-economic factors to achieve its objective. Geographic Information System (GIS) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were combined in order to analyze data obtained from online portals and government institutions, with a recent study of waste production centres being provided by the Regional Environmental Office. To illustrate the method, a case study from Thailand was used. Expert judgement was solicited over 13 landfill site selection criteria. This study identified an area of 560.59 ha as very highly suitable for landfill sites, 993.19 ha as highly suitable and 180.72 ha as moderately suitable, with the remaining parts of the study area being unsuitable for landfill sites. This research has the potential to influence future waste management policies by assisting stakeholders in landfill siting in a manner that reduces negative impacts on the environment.

One of the major problems affecting municipalities is solid waste management. There is a difficulty in selecting suitable sites for waste disposal as it involves different factors to be considered before site selection. Currently, waste generation in Johor Bahru has steadily increased over the last few years and the only existing sanitary landfill is reaching its capacity limits, which means that a new sanitary landfill site needs to be constructed. In this study, geographic information system (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methods were utilized with the integration of dynamic data such as future population and projection of waste production in order to provide suitable sites for the construction of a sanitary landfill in the study area. Thirteen criteria were considered for this study, namely water bodies, soil, geology, slope, elevation, residential areas, archeological sites, airports, population, road, railway, infrastructure, and land use. AHP was used to determine the weights for each criterion from the pairwise comparison matrix. Consistency index and consistency ratio were checked and confirmed to be suitable. The results obtained from AHP were assigned to each criterion in GIS environment using weighted overlay analysis tool. The final potential site map was produced, and the three most suitable potential landfill sites were identified.

The intensification of aquaculture has emerged as a viable alternative for increasing aquaculture production due to competition that arose from the use of natural resources, such as land and water, by other production and developmental sectors. However, intensification demands increased inputs, such as fish and feed per unit culture area and, therefore, increased waste generation from the aquaculture production systems. The impact of waste products from aquaculture has increased public concern and threatens the sustainability of aquaculture practices. The need for increasing the production of aquaculture products cannot be overemphasized and, therefore, there is a need to develop culture systems that will increase fish production with efficient waste management in order to limit environmental degradation resulting from aquaculture wastes and ensure its sustainability. This paper reviewed various aspects of waste production from aquaculture, their sources, components, and methods of management, in different culture systems, primarily discussing waste production from feed, chemicals, and pathogens. We aimed to establish the sources of wastes, their contents, and potential harms to both the fish culture and the environment. Suggestions for managing wastes in different culture systems were made to ensure an improved and sustainable aquaculture production. Keywords: Fish farming, Aquaculture effluents, Environmental degradation, Waste management, Sustainable aquaculture

A Educação Ambiental (EA) tem se tornado uma das ferramentas essenciais para a disseminação de ideias que visem a promoção da qualidade ambiental. Nessa perspectiva, este trabalho tem como principal objetivo apresentar um breve relato de experiência de vivências e ações voltadas para a Educação Ambiental na Escola Municipal São Benedito, em Pau dos Ferros, RN. A metodologia consistiu em apresentar de forma lúdica, através de uma peça teatral, a importância do manejo adequado dos resíduos sólidos, bem como enfatizar os 5 R’s (Repensar, Reduzir, Recusar, Reutilizar e Reciclar). Ainda, realizou-se um debate sobre as questões ambientais relacionadas à produção de lixo e uma oficina de confecção de brinquedos com enfoque na reutilização de materiais. Constatou-se que os alunos participaram assiduamente das ações propostas, além de compreenderem a importância da reciclagem de resíduos sólidos e da coleta seletiva para o meio ambiente. Assim, ações de Educação Ambiental nesses espaços contribuem de maneira efetiva, promovendo a transformação cultural mediante conceitos socioeducativos, os quais podem refletir em melhorias nas questões ambientais.

This research focuses on the waste and environmental damage caused by mining activities and the impact that this has on settlement pattern of adjacent areas. This research identifies that mining cities are unique in their land use dynamics due to the physical attributes of mining sites and there impacts on human and nature. Using a method of three sequential approaches to understand the land use dynamics of mining cities the first study examines the physical attributes of mining sites, through the creation of a new data set that combines existing and abandoned sites from existing separate datasets, outlining production, proximity to settlement areas and water bodies to identify their degree of threat to human and nature. Secondly, a single case study of Copper Cliff, ON is used to investigate how mining activities and its changes interact with surrounding land uses through a Land mosaic-function-land change feedback model adapted from Richard T.T. Forman’s theory of land mosaic. The analysis then investigates the policy responses that are enacted to mitigate the mining activities with other land uses. The analysis identifies that the potential impact of mining activities is more prominent where mining waste production is higher and located at close proximity to settlement areas. However, although the growth pattern of settlement areas are often guided by the physical characteristics of mining sites, effective response of land use policies may stimulate positive changes of land use pattern.

Global consumption of materials such as forest resources, fossil fuels, earth metals and minerals are expected to double in the next 30 years, while annual waste production is estimated to increase by approximately 70% by 2050 [...]

Waste production is increasing every day as a consequence of human activities, thus, its valorization is becoming more important. For this purpose, the usage of wastes as biofuels is one of the most important aspects of sustainable strategies. This is the case of the main waste generated in brewing industries: brewers’ spent grain (BSG). In this sector, microbreweries are not able to properly manage the wastes that they generate due to lack of space. Consequently, the transformation of BSG to a high-quality biofuel might be an interesting option for this kind of small industry. In this work, we carried out a physical-energy characterization of BSG, as well as pellets from this waste. The initial characterization showed slightly unfavorable results concerning N and ash, with values of 3.76% and 3.37% db, respectively. Nevertheless, the physical characterization of the pellets was very good, with acceptable bulk density (662.96 kg·m−3 wb) and low heating value (LHV, 17.65 MJ·kg−1 wb), among others. This situation is very favorable for any of the intended uses (for energy use or animal feed, among others).

The field of “green electronics” is a cross-disciplinary research area which recognises naturally occurring or nature-inspired compounds and use them for the design and synthesis of eco-friendly synthetic-organic materials that are environmentally safe biodegradable/or biocompatible, for making of “Green-Devices.” The actual goal of this research field is to produce environmentally viable semiconducting materials and their applications in devices such as organic electronics to carry low energy intensity, low cost, negligible waste production, and also accomplish good functionalities. This chapter briefly reviews major research work based on ideologies of green chemistry in the synthetic strategies in making of semiconducting materials including small molecules and polymers or nature-inspired biocompatible materials and their applications in organic-green electronics.

In this review, the issue of food recycling was comprehensively studied from the perspective of recent research. Firstly, the concept of circular economy and its application in reducing waste production and the strategies for waste reduction (waste prevention) were discussed. The concept suggests that we can produce less waste from the beginning to reduce costs for recycling, instead of generating much waste for recycling through specific approaches. Secondly, the results of several investigations on the recycling of various food wastes, which have been less considered important parts of waste management, such as university waste, agricultural waste, food industry waste, and spent coffee ground (SCG) waste, were discussed in detail. Finally, various methods for recycling and sustaining food wastes (improving the rates of recycling) and their application in aforementioned sections were comprehensively presented.

Taking a glance at the population increase in India, waste production and isolation are significant issues in the present situation. Huge amounts of blended waste are dumped without isolating it appropriately which prompts issues in decay. Because of this blended waste, a few different issues emerge over some stretch of time. To maintain a strategic distance from this, squander isolation at any rate at the fundamental level is especially required. In this paper, we have presented a friendly waste segregator using deep transfer learning. The essential thought is that when the waste is to be dumped in the trash receptacle, the system will capture the image and classify the kind of waste using a pre-trained convolutional neural network. We have different classes like plastic, paper, metal, and so on which will be further divided into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste.

Reducing our carbon footprint is an important way that we can cut back our greenhouse gas emissions. There are a number of carbon calculators that consider a range of greenhouse gases we produce and convert them into a single carbon equivalent based upon data we input. Using this number, we can set goals for reductions. In our home, the key sources of greenhouse gases are home heating and cooling, water heating, and general electricity use. Outside of the home, our transportation choices are responsible for another major source. In addition, we produce a significant amount of secondary greenhouse gases through our food use and waste production. Suggestions are made as to how we can make simple, hard and/or expensive, and innovative or life-changing choices to reduce our personal carbon footprint in our home, via our transportation choices, and through how we manage our food and waste.

Increasing livestock population has an impact on increasing livestock waste production. Livestock waste can be a source of environmental pollution but can also be processed into organic fertilizer and biogas. But until now there has been no research into waste production and the distribution of ruminant livestock waste production in Sidrap Regency. This study aims to determine the production of ruminant livestock waste and the distribution of livestock waste production in Sidrap Regency. The results showed that ruminant livestock waste production in Sidrap District reached 204,903 tons / year consisting of 235,797 tons / year of cattle livestock waste, 17,290 tons / year of buffalo and 1,816 tons / year of goats. Livestock waste production is spread throughout the entire district area. The highest livestock waste production in Pituriase District, amounting to 84,274 tons / year, then Watang Pulu District 78,235 tons / year, Panca Lautang 27,186 tons / year, Kulo 12,164 tons / year, Pitu Riawa 10.765 tons / year, Maritengae 9,867 tons / year, Panca Lautang 27,186 tons / year, Kulo 12,164 tons / year, Pitu Riawa 10.765 tons / year, Maritengae 9,867 tons / year, Panca Lautang Rijang 9,120 tons / year, Watang Sidenreng 8,407 tons / year, Tellu Limpoe 7,624 tons / year, Two Pitue 5,023 tons / year and Baranti 2,238 tons / year. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the production of livestock waste in Sidrap Regency reaches 204,903 tons / year and is spread unevenly throughout the district.

Green chemistry is an innovative choice towards the design of processes that would obliterate the utilization of noxious materials. Green chemistry is based on its 12 principles (prevent waste, maximize atom economy, design less hazardous chemical synthesis, design safer chemicals and products, use safer solvents and reaction conditions and increase energy efficiency, etc.). Pharmaceutical chemistry is the most vital area of the chemical industry. Following the green chemistry principles, many unique achievements were acquired by the pharmaceutical industry in recent years. The use of nanochemistry in pharmaceuticals has led to their application in various drug synthesis and drug delivery. Enzymatic mechanisms, use of greener solvents like water and ionic liquids, microwave reactions, etc., are some of the greener methodologies employed in the pharmaceutical world. Less toxicity, low side effects, least waste production and minimal labour are the major attraction of green chemistry in pharmaceutics.

The first report of using limonene derivative of a spherosilicate as a modifier of polylactide used for 3D printing and injection moulding is presented. The paper presents the use of limonene-functionalized spherosilicate derivative as a functional additive. The study compared the material characteristics of polylactide modified with SS-Limonene (0.25&ndash, 5.0% w/w) processed with traditional injection moulding and 3D printing (FFF, FDM). A significant improvement in the processing properties concerning rheology, inter-layer adhesion, and mechanical properties was achieved, which translated into the quality of the print and reduction of waste production. Moreover, the paper describes the elementary stages of thermal transformations of the obtained hybrid systems.

As a quantitative evaluation method, the ecological footprint analysis method (EFA) is a frontier topic in the field of sustainable development. Human production activities will inevitably produce certain consumption, including the occupation of natural resources, resource consumption and waste production, which will have a certain impact on the ecological environment. This paper proposes to use the ecological footprint to inversely analyze the ecological environment and resource consumption, quantitatively convert the material consumption produced by human activities into the area of biological production land, and compare it with the supply area of the study area. The ecological footprint analysis method is used to reflect the changes in the indicators of regional sustainable development, and the regional sustainable development indicator system and analysis framework based on the ecosystem are constructed. The experimental result shows that the proposed model can effectively divide the resource space, and at the same time can measure the degree of resource transfer, which has important guidance for revealing the internal relationship between regional ecological footprint characteristics and regional development and evolution. significance.

The construction sector is responsible for 40% of carbon emissions, 14% of water consumption and 60% of waste production in the world, generating a state of unsustainability. In order to keep these values under control and make the most sustainable choices starting from the earliest stages of building design, a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can be used. This consists of an analysis of the environmental impacts of a product, activity or process throughout all phases of the life cycle. The fundamental problem of implementing this analysis process in the construction sector is the difficulty in managing the fragmented building information that covers all aspects of buildings life stages in an integrated way. The Building Information Modeling (BIM) approach offers the possibility of managing a complex information system in an integrated manner. The BIM-LCA integration solutions proposed in recent years made LCA analysis faster, cheaper and usable by more professionals. This paper proposes an analysis of the state of the art of the research published in the last ten years regarding the integration of BIM-LCA as a methodology whereby the BIM approach can support and simplify data management for LCA analysis. The aim was to present the work methodologies tested so far and to describe all the factors that were considered in applying the BIM-LCA integration. The novelty of this review consists of identifying a series of more recurrent parameters and measures used by most researchers deriving a trend of possible and consolidated workflows. The result is, therefore, to present evidence of a general heterogenous framework and to define the common and widespread approaches identifying the main features.

Objective To evaluate the potential role of head and neck oncologic surgeons in environmental protection, sustainability of health-care systems and avoidance of procedures contributing to climate change in the future. Review methods This literature review searched for relevant literature about the relevance of waste in surgical head and neck oncology practice and the innovative alternatives to decrease its effect on environment. Conclusions Head and neck oncologic surgeons have a role in environmental protection, sustainability of health-care systems and avoidance of procedures contributing to climate change in the future. However, there exist only limited data on waste management and other procedures in surgical oncology to promote these practices. Implications for practice By increasing awareness of the corresponding issues of waste production within the healthcare environment, head and neck surgeons can have a pioneering role in considering how to reduce, recycle and reuse in a more efficient manner. As research in this field accumulates, healthcare providers can engage both managers and clinicians in this process. It remains imperative to provide these professionals opportunities for their work force to rethink current practices in a manner that prioritizes environmentally sustainable head and neck surgical practices.

Discovery of new protein biomarker candidates has become a major research goal in the areas of clinical chemistry, analytical chemistry, and biomedicine. These important species constitute the molecular target when it comes to diagnosis, prognosis, and further monitoring of disease. However, their analysis requires powerful, selective and high-throughput sample preparation and product (analyte) characterisation approaches. In general, manual sample processing is tedious, complex and time-consuming, especially when large numbers of samples have to be processed (e.g., in clinical studies). Automation via microtiter-plate platforms involving robotics has brought improvements in high-throughput performance while comparable or even better precisions and repeatability (intra-day, inter-day) were achieved. At the same time, waste production and exposure of laboratory personnel to hazards were reduced. In comprehensive protein analysis workflows (e.g., liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis), sample preparation is an unavoidable step. This review surveys the recent achievements in automation of bottom-up and top-down protein and/or proteomics approaches. Emphasis is put on high-end multi-well plate robotic platforms developed for clinical analysis and other biomedical applications. The literature from 2013 to date has been covered.

BSM assists the Malang City Government in fostering, training and assisting the people of Malang City who are incorporated in BSM customers in 3R (Reuse, Reduse, Recycle) waste management from household sources. The BSM unit was established which was strengthened from the SK of the Central BSM in Malang, and not the personal owner or RT / RW. The issues that are prioritized in the PKM (community partnership program) activities are the target audience of economically unproductive community partners, namely the BST (Waste Bank Tirtarona) and BSM (Community Waste Bank) partners. The two partners whose initial existence was productive but which are still not optimal and have not been utilized according to the objectives of BSM. The purpose of the community waste management partnership program in the kecamatan area. lowokwaru Malang City to optimize waste management productivity according to the purpose of the establishment of the Waste Bank organization in creating peace, and comfort in community life. Specific targets to be achieved empower RT / RW waste managers as partners of Malang City BSM in managing / managing waste independently. Starting from receiving garbage, sorting, administering, weighing, processing up to the reporting stage as a form of BSM organizational evaluation to be able to contribute to its environment. The method used is the dissemination of the benefits of BSM waste management, activating the BSM work program by inviting the management with training and mentoring activities, comparative studies, helping waste production equipment and assisting in the renovation of BSM buildings. The results of the implementation of the community partnership program were found; 1). BSM Unit management model that is centralized, meaning that all activities are still based on the RT / RW chairman's instructions in the local environment. The Chairperson of BSM works on the recommendation of the chairman of the PKK RW driving team where the land is established by BSM. 2) the condition of the human resources of the majority BSM management from the age of 60 and above, thus influencing the performance in carrying out the BSM work program. 3). BSM community conditions are in urban areas whose activities are busy working, so that they often become obstacles for the organizers to carry out social activities.

The study presented in this paper explores and examines the role of grassroots environmental organisations in promoting schemes aimed at reducing the impact of waste production at a local level. Focusing on the Spanish municipality of Esporles, in the Balearic island of Mallorca, the authors investigate how participatory forums can increase involvement and engagement among residents in the implementation of waste management policies. Esporles introduced and implemented the first unit-pricing (UP) scheme in Spain, making the municipality a countrywide icon of environmental-friendly urban transformation. Due to its success, the scheme quickly became a model for other Spanish municipalities with regard to designing and developing local waste management solutions. Findings from this study demonstrate how increasing participation and involvement of local residents in public consultations and debates can effectively support the design and implementation of more sustainable waste management policies. In addition, findings illustrate how local authorities can empower residents in transforming urban environment through changing their behaviours and practices towards waste management. The role of grassroots environmental organisations appears important with regard to developing innovative instruments and delivering effective environmental policies to address waste management at a local level, and to achieve sustainable urban transformation.

Background Climate change is a major public health threat worldwide. Operating theaters are responsible for extensive waste production due to the resource-intensive nature of surgery, including hand surgery. Methods An online literature search was performed to ascertain the approaches that surgeons may undertake to positively impact the environment. Results Surgeons can make hand surgery more carbon neutral through various measures that have been categorized as pre-, intra-, and postoperative interventions. With all changes, the aims are to minimize waste and costs while optimizing patient outcomes. Conclusions Administrative obstacles to implementing pro-climate hospital changes may be overcome by also considering likely cost benefits with many environmentally friendly measures. New measures in hand surgery should consider patient safety, clinical efficacy, cost effectiveness, and the environmental impact.

We assume that during flights the amount of waste that is produced is limited. However, daily, approximately 8000 commercial airplanes fly above Europe's airspace while at the same time, more than 17,000 commercial flights exist in the entire world. Using primary data from airlines, which use the Larnaca's International Airport (LIA) in Cyprus, we have tried to understand why wastes are produced during a typical flight such as food waste, paper, and plastics, as well as how passengers affect the production of those wastes. The compositional analysis took place on 27 flights of 4 different airlines which used LIA as final destination. The evaluation indicated that the passenger's habits and ethics, and the policy of each airline produced different kinds of waste during the flights and especially food waste (FW). Furthermore, it was observed that the only waste management strategy that exists in place in the airport is the collection and the transportation of all those wastes from aircrafts and from the airport in the central unit for further treatment. Hence, this research indicated extremely difficulties to implement any specific waste minimization, or prevention practice or other sorting methods during the flights due to the limited time of the most flights (less than 3 h), the limited available space within the aircrafts, and the strictly safety roles that exist during the flights.

International audience; Knowledge of waste composition and production is a requirement to build an efficient waste management scenario. Analysis of this data at a detailed level of observation (regional or communal) is useful to create adapted local scenarios, thus optimizing the overall waste management. However, working at a detailed level of observation multiplies the number of scenarios to build. In this article, we use Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to identify similarities between local administrative areas. By grouping administrative areas based on their waste production, this analysis is an efficient way to reduce the number of local waste management scenarios to define and it also favors cooperation among similar administrative areas. To illustrate our methodology, we focus on the specific case of Reunion Island, which is composed of 24 municipalities. The PCA analysis enabled to identify 5 groups of municipalities, thus reducing the number of required scenarios to build drastically.

The use of plastic materials in agriculture involves several benefits but it results in huge quantities of agricultural plastic waste to be disposed of. Input and output data on the use of plastics in agriculture are often difficult to obtain and poor waste management schemes have been developed. The present research aims to estimate and map agricultural plastic waste by using satellite images. Waste was evaluated by means of the indexes relating waste production to crop type and plastic application as defined by the land use map realized by classifying the Landsat 8 image. The image classification was carried out using Support Vector Machines (SVMs), and the accuracy assessment showed that the overall accuracy was 94.54% and the kappa coefficient equal to 0.934. Data on the plastic waste obtained by the satellite land use map were compared with the data obtained by using the institutional land use map; a difference of 1.74% was identified on the overall quantity of waste.

The first step that possible for Surabaya University (Ubaya) to realize a sustainability campus was waste production reduction. A research related to solid waste management in Ubaya need to be conducted. The aims of the research were 1. To determinate the economical organic solid waste composition in faculty of engineering 2. Estimating the quantity of economical organic solid waste in faculty of engineering 3. Calculating the greenhouse gas that can be reduced by managing the economical organic solid waste. The scope of calculation was CH 4 generation. Research is done by survey of solid waste generation. Survey was conducted at faculty of engineering Ubaya, in TA building until TS building plus faculty of engineering gazebo. The estimation of economical organic solid waste was taken for eight days in September 2016. The calculation of green house emission from solid waste was referred to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2006 guidelines. The results of the research indicated that the composition of economical organic solid in the faculty of engineering was white paper, brown paper, cardboard, and juice and tea packaging. The average quantity of economical organic waste generated in the faculty of engineering per day were white paper: 5.44 kg, 1.055 kg of brown paper, cardboard 2.51 kg and 0,765 kg of tea and juice packaging. Greenhouse gas (CH4), which could be lowered if the economical organic waste is managed was around 1.14 kg / day. Keywords: sustainability, IPCC, campus, organic solid waste

The construction phase is one of the very risky stages engaged in oilfields, which usually involves minor to severe human, financial, and environmental damages. It includes a major part of lost working times, and in recent years, along with the development of oilfields and oil platform construction activities in Iran, hazardous risks and events have occurred and have been recorded. Therefore, this study aims to reduce the negative effects of the risks engaged in oil platform construction activities in the region under study, i.e. the Abuzar oilfield. The indexing system method, along with determining the importance index, effect, and frequency of occurrence, was used in this study to evaluate the environmental risks of oil platform construction activities in Abuzar oilfield. First, the project activities were identified and then, the effect of desired activities on environmental aspects (water, air, soil, human, waste production, and noise) was investigated. For quantitative estimation of risk values through interviewing the experts and using the tables of intensity, effect, and frequency of event occurrence, were calculated based on the formula governing the effect of different activities on the environment, and the risk value was determined. The research findings indicated that most of the environmental risks are in the range of average risks (72.9%) however 20.2% are in the range of low risks and 6.9% are in the range of high risks. Finally, considering experts’ viewpoints, management solutions were proposed to reduce the risk of activities, and the risk priority numbers were calculated after performing the corrective actions.