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Despite advancements in synthetic chemistry, nature remains the primary source of drug discovery, and this never-ending task of finding novel and active drug molecules will continue. Flavonoids have been shown to possess highly significant therapeutic activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-aging, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective, etc., However, it has been found that orally administered flavonoids have a critical absorption disorder and, therefore, have low bioavailability and show fluctuating pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic responses. A detailed investigation is required to assess and analyze the variation in the bioavailability of flavonoids due to interactions with the intestinal barrier. This review will emphasize on the bioavailability and the pharmacological applications of flavonoids, key factors affecting their bioavailability, and strategies for enhancing bioavailability, which may lead to deeper understanding of the extent of flavonoids as a treatment and/or prevention for different diseases in clinics.

Indonesia’s re-elected president Joko Widodo, or better known as Jokowi, recently formed his new cabinet which included a few politicians from the self-serving old political forces who are not committed to reforms. The most shocking and disturbing is the appointment of Jokowi’s rival, Ex-general Prabowo Subianto, as defence minister. Prabowo has been accused of committing many human rights violations in the past including masterminding the kidnapping of student and social activists as well as the anti-Chinese riots throughout the country in 1998, although he denied such accusations. Ironically, the cover of Max Lane’s edited volume Continuity and change after Indonesia’s reforms: Contributions to an ongoing assessment written before the 2019 presidential and legislative elections featuring a photo of Jokowi sitting side by side with Prabowo and having a friendly discussion with each other seems like a prophesy of both politicians’ close working relationship in the near future, as exemplified by Jokowi’s recent cabinet formation.

For higher accuracy and better performance, a novel relative navigation framework named full parallel distributed architecture is presented, using inertial navigation system, global positioning system, and data link. Aiming at multiple aircraft, it is designed to enable each plane to serve as a fusion center. Also this structure enhances the collaboration between aircraft by sharing the relative navigation information. It breaks the limitation of the single fusion center method and can adapt to the reconfiguration of formation. A two-stage filtering estimation algorithm based on Kalman filter is developed to determine relative position, attitude, and velocity between the formation aircraft. Each vehicle contains not only a local filter but also a relative state filter, which helps to improve the accuracy of the relative state error model. The relative navigation system is designed as a closed loop system with parallel processing and real-time performance. Simulation results compared with the traditional centralized filtering method indicate that the approach provides better estimates and restrains the error divergency effectively.

A relative navigation system for autonomous aerial refueling (AAR) rendezvous phase is proposed in this paper. The system uses the inertial navigation system (INS), the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the infrared search and track system (IRST). It has both advantages of cooperative aircraft relative navigation and passive target location. A hybrid multistage fusion structure and corresponding algorithm are designed to estimate the high precision relative position, velocity and attitude information between the tanker and the UAV in real time. For the INS/GPS subsystem, a two-stage filtering algorithm based on extended Kalman filter is developed without any use of base-station, which helps to improve the accuracy of the filter model. Considering the requirement of reliability and robustness for aerial refueling, an independent IRST relative state tracker filter is set up in the system. It weakens the dependence of relative navigation system on data link, and makes the system highly reliable and fault-tolerant. The numerical simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm can provide good performance in terms of accuracy and reliability.

In the field of video-based action recognition, a majority of advanced approaches train a two-stream architecture in which an appearance stream for images and a motion stream for optical flow frames. Due to the considerable computation cost of optical flow and high inference latency of the two-stream method, knowledge distillation is introduced to efficiently capture two-stream representation while only inputting RGB images. Following this technique, this paper proposes a novel distillation learning strategy to sufficiently learn and mimic the representation of the motion stream. Besides, we propose a lightweight attention-based fusion module to uniformly exploit both appearance and motion information. Experiments illustrate that the proposed distillation strategy and fusion module achieve better performance over the baseline technique, and our proposal outperforms the known state-of-art approaches in terms of single-stream and traditional two-stream methods.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture analgesia (AA) compared with combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (CSEA) for labor pain relief and labor outcomes. Methods We evaluated 131 primiparous women who received respiratory guidance during maternal uterine contractions and received either AA (n = 43), CSEA (n = 45), or no additional treatment (control, n = 43). The groups were compared regarding visual analog scale (VAS) scores for abdominal and back pain, and labor outcomes. Results The abdominal VAS scores of the AA and CSEA groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. In addition, the VAS scores of the CSEA group were significantly lower than that of the AA group at 10 and 60 min after intervention. The back pain VAS scores of the AA and CSEA groups were significantly lower than that of the control group at 5, 10, and 60 min after intervention. The duration of the active phase of labor in the CSEA group was significantly longer than that of the AA and control groups. The rates of oxytocin use (4.70%), urinary retention (4.70%), and postpartum hemorrhage (273.72 ± 53.63 mL) in the AA group were significantly lower than in the CSEA group (46.70%, 24.20%, and 320.00 ± 85.60 mL, respectively). Conclusion Both AA and CSEA were effective for labor pain relief, CSEA provided more effective pain relief, while AA was associated with a shorter duration of labor and fewer adverse effects.and each has its advantages and disadvantages.

In this paper, the strength analysis and evaluation of the structure of drying tower in liquefaction station are carried out. By using ANSYS finite element analysis software, the models of the upper elliptical head and its perforated nozzles, the lower apron and its perforated nozzles, and the unloading nozzles of the drying tower were established, and the stress strength was analyzed and evaluated according to the standard JB4732-1995. The analysis results show that the structural stress of the drying tower meets the strength design requirements.

Student dormitory is an important place for students' daily life and study, and also the forefront of Ideological and political education. This paper takes the students of class a1418 and class A1332 in Jiujiang University as the research objects, and uses the social network analysis method to carry out the tracking experimental research on students' daily social interaction. It is found that the dormitory is the key variable of the clustering effect of students' network community. This study shows that dormitory plays a key role in the formation and change of College Students' social network. Dormitory is the most important factor in the clustering of social network. As the most important place for college students' Extracurricular behavior, dormitory's influence is not limited to the life level, but further penetrated into the class, which is the most important basic organization of college learning, This finding provides an empirical basis for us to further integrate the boundaries of dormitory and class, dormitory and classroom, study and life, education and teaching, management and service, ideological education and professional education. It is suggested that in the daily management and teaching organization of college students, full attention should be paid to the role of the dormitory, and the dormitory should be effectively combined with the classroom, so as to form a college career mode of "learning life, learning life".

When a three Coordinate Measurement Machine is used to test the surface shape of an aspheric element in grinding and polishing, obtained result often shows astigmatism errors due to an imperfect compensation programming. This paper analyzes these measurement data, and points out that the astigmatism errors comes from the imprecise compensation programming for the radius of three-dimensional probe in the CMM. Then, It presents an off-line data processing method to compensate the measurement data and to eliminate the astigmatism. By calculation of the tangent vectors of row and column at the meshed central point, the normal vector of each point on the surface is obtained. By calculation of the offsets between the centers of probe and the contact points, the radius of the tree-dimensional probe in the CMM is compensated. The experiment of a standard sphere show that this method decreases the astigmatism PV(Peak-to-Valley) of the measurement result from 4.921 9 μm to 0.065 2 μm, eliminating basically the astigmatism errors and improving the accuracy of the coordinate measurement. Obtained results verify the effectiveness of the proposed compensation programming for the radius of tree-dimensional probe in the CMM. ? 2016, Science Press. All right reserved.

Renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and carbon tax policy, as efficient regulatory policy tools for realizing energy low-carbon transformation, can they achieve incentive regulation for power producers based on the decisive role of “visible hands” and “invisible hands” in the utilization and allocation of resources. It will become the critical scientific issue of China's power market reform. This paper constructs an equilibrium model of power market under the overlapping regulation of carbon tax policy and RPS, studies the influence of RPS and carbon tax policy on the power market, and analyzes whether they can help motivate green power producers to reduce production costs. The results show that the overlapping regulation can help to increase the proportion of renewable energy generation production in the power market and optimize the power supply structure. Still, it is difficult to form effective incentive regulation for power producers. On the premise of meeting the quota, the green power producers can increase the feed-in tariffs and achieve higher profits by colluding to realize cost padding. Therefore, the realization of incentive regulation is conducive to weaken information asymmetry to achieve the scientific regulation of power producers and effectively promote the process of China's power market reform.

Manure treatment has become a focal issue in relation to current national policies on environmental and renewable energy matters. Heavy metals can be excreted with the animal manure, contributing to pollution of soil and water. Therefore, animal manure needs proper treatment before application to agricultural soils. Here, we review the species transformation of HMs and fate during incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and hydrothermal processing of animal manures. During thermal processes, 75%-90% of thermally stable HMs such as Cr, Ni, and Mn were concentrated in the solid-phase. HMs with less thermal stability such as Cd, As, Hg, and Pb are inclined to concentrate in the aqueous phase and gas phase, accounting for less than 5% of their total concentrations. In general, thermal processes transform HMs in the exchangeable fraction with high biotoxicity to oxidizable fraction or residual fraction with less bioavailability. In addition, the operating conditions and co-processing with other materials may influence the species transformation of HMs. Finally, recommendations for future research on the proper disposal and utilization of animal manure are proposed. More large-scale experiments are required to elucidate the precise mechanism behind the immobilization of HMs. The influence of additives (catalysts and HM stabilizers) and the influence of the type of solvent on HM transformation needs further study.

Objective This study was to understand the current situation of long working hours and identify the association of long working hours and job stress and depression among workers in state grid company. Methods The project was done using the cross-sectional survey. All questionnaires were completed by self-administered with informal consent. Employees whose weekly working hours was 40 or less were set as the reference group, and the others were categorised with a gradient of 10 hours for grouping; the PHQ-9 scale used to assess depression, the job demand-control (JDC) Model used to evaluate job stress. And SPSS software to analyse data, multivariate Logistic analysis were performed to identify the association between long working hours and job stress, depression. Results there were 1069 staff attend this survey and 63.0% employee with standard working hour which they work for 40 hours a week. And 18.8% employees with 41–50 hours a week, and 12.9% workers with 51–60 hours a week, only 5.2% employees worked over 60 hours a week. There were 63.2% workers with job stress by job demand control ratio over 1.0% and 66.9% employee self-reported with depression by PHQ-9 over 5. The association between increasing weekly working hours and occupational stress and depression was statistically significant. Compared to the reference group, for those who worked more than 60 hours per week, the odds ratio of depression was 3.25 (95% CI: 1.43 to 7.40) times increased; the odds ratio of occupational stress was 4.34 (95% CI: 1.19 to 15.92) times increased; the odds ratio of moderate-severe and severe depressive symptoms was 11.18 (95% CI: 1.21 to 115.05) times increased. Conclusions Long working hours can significantly increase the risk of job stress and depressive symptoms among the national grid company employees. When their weekly working hours exceeds 60, long working hours will be the independent risk factor for both job stress and depression.

Comparative space-time thinking lies at the heart of spatiotemporally integrated social sciences. The multiple dimensions and scales of socioeconomic dynamics pose numerous challenges for the application and evaluation of public policies in the comparative context. At the same time, social scientists have been slow to adopt and implement new spatiotemporally explicit methods of data analysis due to the lack of extensible software packages, which becomes a major impediment to the promotion of spatiotemporal thinking. The proposed framework will address this need by developing a set of research questions based on space-time-distributional features of socioeconomic datasets. The authors aim to develop, evaluate, and implement this framework in an open source toolkit to comprehensively quantify the changes and level of hidden variation of space-time datasets across scales and dimensions. Free access to the source code allows a broader community to incorporate additional advances in perspectives and methods, thus facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration. Being written in Python, it is entirely cross-platform, lowering transmission costs in research and education.

This paper describes a new method of measuring capacitance current in non-effective grounding power system. The capacitance current tester is used in this new method to test no load measurement and load measurement with circuit in open delta of three-phase voltage transformer. It is via calculated by the difference to obtain both relative to the total capacitance and capacitance current of the distribution network. It is validated the practicability and accuracy of this new method via the data and analysis of 6∼35kV power system (hydropower plant) measurement.

The lack of Autonomous Aerial Refueling capability is one of the greatest limitations of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle). The estimation of the relative position, velocity and attitude is the key issue in this research area. This paper proposes a novel method for relative navigation. We focus on the need for the rendezvous phase. The structure of this paper is as follows. Firstly, we shall briefly introduce the autonomous aerial refueling phases and the related navigation sensors. Then we establish the error equation. After using the Kalman filter, we obtain the estimation of the relative state error. The employed algorithm based on the SINS/GPS/IRST integrated relative navigation, it has advantages of both autonomous navigation and passive target positioning. In simulation experiments, the results show that our algorithm can track the relative state variation and restrain the error divergency effectively.

This paper proposes a dynamic model and performance analysis method of hose-drogue aerial refueling system based on Kane equation by rigid multibody dynamics. In this method, the hose is divided into finite segment rigid joint of bars. To depict spatial state of each hose-bar, system generalized coordinates and generalized rates are defined. A set of multi-level recursive formulas and dynamic equations are derived to describe the dynamic properties of the hose-drogue under a prescribed motion of tanker. To calculate the external aerodynamic loads of each hose-bar, the effects of tanker wake, steady flow and atmospheric turbulence are considered. Numerical simulation results show a good correctness of the dynamic model by steady-state characteristics of the balance drag trajectory of hose-drogue in different flight conditions. Furthermore, the dynamic characteristics of the hose-drogue resulting from atmospheric turbulence are investigated.

The poor understanding, which is appeared in the communication through voice or text between the rescue command personnel at the command post and the rescuers at the front, had an adverse effect on rescue and relief work after a natural disaster. In order to solve this problem, the remote command method based on sketchy graphic recognition is studied. The commander draw accurate action instruction on the command platform, while the frontline rescuers carried out rescue operation according to the action instruction synchronous displayed on the display terminal. Therefore, the research on sketchy graphic recognition technology, multi-clients communication mechanism and three-dimensional situation display method is carried out in this paper. Finally, a prototype system is established, which has been proved effectively by experiments.

The entrainment of high-ash fine slime severely contaminates clean coal product of traditional flotation cell, leading to serious technical problems such as high ash in clean coal, low recovery, and the sacrifice of the yield of gravity separation to lower the ash content of final product. In order to solve those issues, the performance of FCMC series cyclonic microbubble flotation column and traditional flotation cell were compared. Several typical flowsheets for the separation of coal flotation in China’s coal preparation plants (CPPs) were extensively reviewed and deeply explored. Results show that FCMC flotation column is especially suitable for the beneficiation of fine and non-selective coal slime downstream the heavy medium separation. The mixed (one-stage) flotation process utilizing the combination of flotation column and clean coal quick-operating pressure filter is recommended in newly built and retrofitted CPPs. As for those utilizing one-stage flotation flowsheet equipped with traditional flotation cell and pressurized filter, either classified flotation process or secondary flotation for the filtrate of pressurized filter using flotation column and clean coal quick-operating pressure filter is recommended in their technical modifications.

We report a case of extrahepatic portal vein aneurysm (PVA) in the late postoperative period after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). A 46-year-old man underwent OLT in 2001 for treatment of hepatitis B virus-induced cirrhosis and received ultrasound follow-up for 9 years. The long-term ultrasound observations showed that the diameter of the main portal vein had progressively increased from 12 mm in 2001 to 34 mm in 2007, and then remained at 34 mm from 2007 to 2010. The patient did not show any symptoms or complications that required surgical treatment during the clinical follow-up. Our case suggests that PVA after OLT can remain without a sign of deterioration for a long time, and careful observation by ultrasound may be one of the options in the clinical management.

Objective To assess role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in decision support for diagnosis and treatment of hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) after liver transplantation. Materials and methods Between January 2005 and January 2011, 605 patients underwent liver transplantation in our medical center. All the liver transplant recipients received Doppler ultrasound scanning and CEUS examination was performed in 45 patients with suspected HAT on Doppler ultrasound. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predict value and negative predictive value of CEUS in diagnosing HAT were determined based on the results from angiography, surgery and clinical follow-up. Results Fourteen HATs, including one late HAT, were diagnosed by CEUS. Twelve HAT cases were confirmed by angiographic and/or surgical findings, while the late HAT and other 31 patients with negative CEUS finding were confirmed by the clinical follow-up. There was a false positive HAT diagnosed by CEUS in which angiography revealed a patent hepatic artery. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predict value and negative predictive value of CEUS in diagnosing HAT were 100%, 96.9%, 97.8%, 92.9% and 100%, respectively. In our series of 605 liver transplants, the incidence and mortality of HAT was 2.2% (13/605) and 53.8% (7/13), respectively. Conclusions Our study demonstrates the important role of CEUS in decision support for diagnosis and treatment of HAT after liver transplantation. When HAT is suspected by Doppler ultrasound, CEUS shall immediately be performed to elucidate its nature. A negative CEUS finding shall avoid invasive angiography. Such as, CEUS may alter the clinical workflow on HAT detection after liver transplantation.

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare and benign histiocytic proliferative disorder of unknown etiology. It can affect all age groups, particularly young adults. The typical clinical manifestation is painless, bilateral, massive cervical lymphadenopathy with or without extra nodal involvement, along with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. However, thyroid involvement is very uncommon. The ultrasonographic manifestations of RDD are rarely reported. A case of RDD involving the thyroid that was recorded in our hospital PACS system during 2002–2010 is reported here, which was initially misdiagnosed as non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). In our case, ultrasonography revealed diffuse enlargement of whole thyroid glands with heterogeneous hypoechogenicity. Areas of linear hyperechogenicity were noted on the sonograms with multiple enlarged nodes over the cervical, supraclavicular, and submandibular areas. Though not specific, in order to avoid unnecessary surgery or a total thyroidectomy, ultrasonography and ultrasonography-guided core needle biopsy should be performed to establish an accurate diagnosis.

The lack of semantic and effective negotiation mechanisms, suppliers and consumers in network manufacturing services are difficult to establish satisfactory service relationships. To solve this problem, an agent-based auto-negotiation mechanism with semantic Web Services was proposed. An agent negotiation model based on the manufacturing services ontology was established. With this model, the major procedures for agent-based auto-negotiation were described, which include how to match the services suppliers and consumers, how to process semantic similarity calculation, and how to auto-negotiation, etc.

To make the word similarity calculated results more reasonable and accurate, a new word similarity algorithm is proposed. It uses HowNet primitive hierarchical tree structure, and calculates the two primitives’ distance with the method computing WordNet node distance which considers the tree depth, density, path and connecting intensity, etc. Moreover, algorithm also improves the method that distance into similarity. Finally, this algorithm is compared with related algorithms through experiment. The results show that the proposed algorithm effectively improves the precision and accuracy of word similarity calculation.

On the basis of analysis of characteristics of ZigBee wireless sensor networks, this paper uses the modular method to realize the ZigBee agreement stack. From the system's hardware and software processes, etc., describes remote acquisition of geological information and wireless monitoring system design based on wireless sensor networks, the system reliably implement features such as temperature and humidity monitoring, ad-hoc networks with low power, low cost, high reliability features.

This article proposes a new procedure, called the New Product Sales Forecasting Procedure (NPSFP), and a decision-support system, called the New Product Forecasting System (NPFS), for solving the new product sales forecasting problem. The NPSFP procedure standardizes the steps involved in sales forecasting, guiding the data acquisition and analysis, the choice of the forecasting model, the calculation of the actual forecasts, and the subjective manual adjustment of the forecasting results. The NPFS decision-support system includes four modules: one that guides data acquisition and analysis, one that contains forecasting model templates, one that helps the users choose the best model for the available data, and one that calculates and adjusts the actual forecasts. We constructed a simulation model and tested it to demonstrate the power of NPFS for solving the new product sales forecasting problem using scenario and computational analyses. For most of the 27 scenarios tested, NPFS performed better than the most commonly used method, the Moving Average. We also applied NPFS to solve three real-world sales forecasting problems for new tea, cosmetic, and soft drink products. As expected, NPFS performed better than the Moving Average method. In conclusion, using the NPFS decision-support system to solve new product sales forecasting problems can improve the accuracy of new product sales forecasts. This decision-support system is easier to use than the most widely used method and does not rely too much on human judgment.

Based on Talbot effect and Moire fringes of Ronchi gratings,focal length measurement of the long focal length is carried out. The focal length of measured lens can be figured out accurately according to its relation to the slope coefficient of Moire fringes. To get the slope of Moire fringes, the image of Moire fringes is mainly filtered or smoothed by mathematics morphological method to enhance the contrast of fringes effectively. Then the filtered image is processed by thinning to single pixel width. The fringes are labeled to fitting lines to calculate the slope coefficient accurately,and the error of focal length is 0.10%.

The focal length of measured lens can be figured out accurately according to its relation to the slope coefficient of Moire fringes.An approach is presented to determine the location of grating centre at the level of pixel by Canny operator and detection based on mathematical morphology.The sub pixel localization is presented based on Gauss curve fitting.The localization accuracy is proved less than 0.1 pixel by calibrating the standard fringes.Then the grating is set as the reference to calibrate the equivalent length of CCD pixel to ensure the slope and width measuring of fringes accurate.The error of focal length is 0.10%.

Advances in communication technologies have made great progress in bridging time and distance, but social and cultural differences are still formidable obstacles to effective communication. Communication processes occur in specific cultural contexts, with unique normative beliefs, assumptions, and shared symbols. Culture influences what people communicate, to whom they communicate, and how they communicate. There has been little systematic cross‐cultural research to explicate the effects of communication media on communication effectiveness. This article proposes cultural effects on perceptions of media effectiveness. The authors advance conceptual knowledge by presenting new perspectives on the cultural effects on individuals’ perception of media and their effectiveness.

Cosmic-ray data of 90 M events have been collected and used for calibration, alignment as well as detector tuning. A special tracking algorithm for the BESIII muon counter is developed and verified with Monte-Carlo simulation and then further confirmed with the cosmic-ray data. The obtained strip resolutions are in good agreement with the design values. A new alignment approach for the BESIII muon counter is confirmed with the cosmic-ray data and proposed to be used in future analysis of experimental data.

A new type of all-fibre Sagnac interferometer composed of two loops is proposed and analysed in detail. It can be used with a very long transmission line while maintaining excellent performance characteristics due to the automatic compensation of any birefringence effects in the trunk fibre. Preliminary experiments at 1310 nm wavelength with a 70 km long trunk fibre demonstrated an interference visibility as high as 98%, indicating that this scheme has promising potential applications.

Software alignment is quite important for a tracking detector to reach its ultimate position accuracy and momentum resolution. We developed a new alignment algorithm for the BESIII Main Drift Chamber using the Kalman Filter method. Two different types of data which are helix tracks and straight tracks are used to test this algorithm, and the results show that the design and implementation is successful.

Material effect of inner-detectors on the performances of the BESIII Electromagnetic Calorimeter (EMC) is investigated. The BESIII Time-Of-Flight counters (TOF) have been utilized to improve the energy resolution and detection efficiency for photons after a careful energy calibration. A matching algorithm between TOF and EMC energy deposits is developed, and the effects of beam-related background are discussed. The energy resolution is improved and the photon detection efficiency can be increased by the combined measurement of EMC and TOF detectors.

A method to determine precisely three-dimensional wire positions in the BESⅢdrift chamber using physics events is introduced.In part the proposed technique takes advantage of the possibility that the magnetic field can be turned off,thereby providing a huge sample of straight tracks for which eff...

A multilayered perceptrons' neural network technique has been applied in the particle identification at BESIII. The networks are trained in each sub-detector level. The NN output of sub-detectors can be sent to a sequential network or be constructed as PDFs for a likelihood. Good muon-ID, electron-ID and hadron-ID are obtained from the networks by using the simulated Monte Carlo samples.

This paper presents a new active control strategy based on linear matrix inequality (LMI) and genetic algorithm (GA) for the structural systems with nonlinear uncertainties and exogenous disturbances. Based on structural dynamics theory, the nonlinear uncertain structure system state-space model is established. Then, based on all-order H ∞ control and GA, the controller of minimum order is obtained by searching the object function globally. The concerning genetic algorithm adopts float coding, stochastic tournament, elitist model, linear crossover and uniform mutation. Finally, a three-degree-of-freedom building model subjected to EI Centro earthquake is considered using this method and the simulation results show that the provided controller has almost the same control effect as all-order H ∞ controller.

Background: The study aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of a combination of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil and opioids, and evaluate the relationship between refractory pain relief and plasma β-endorphin levels in cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 cancer patients was randomly divided into two groups, 60 patients took orally morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets in group A, and another 60 patients receiving the combination treatment of intravenous flurbiprofen axetil and opioid drugs in group B. After 7 days, pain relief, quality of life improvement and side effects were evaluated. Furthermore, plasma β-endorphin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: With the combination treatment of intravenous intravenous flurbiprofen axetil and opioids, the total effective rate of pain relief rose to 91.4%, as compared to 82.1% when morphine sulfate sustained-release tablet was used alone. Compared with that of group A, the analgesic effect increased in group B (p=0.031). Moreover, satisfactory pain relief was associated with a significant increase in plasma β-endorphin levels. After the treatment, plasma β-endorphin level in group B was 62.4±13.5 pg/ml, which was higher than that in group A (45.8±11.2 pg/ml) (p

For the pre-acquired serial images from camera lengthways motion, a view synthesis algorithm based on epipolar geometry constraint is proposed in this paper. It uses the whole matching and maintaining order characters of the epipolar line, Fourier transform and dynamic programming matching theories, thus truly synthesizing the destination image of current viewpoint. Through the combination of Fourier transform, epipolar geometry constraint and dynamic programming matching, the circumference distortion problem resulting from conventional view synthesis approaches is effectively avoided. The detailed implementation steps of this algorithm are given, and some running instances are presented to illustrate the results.

We study two-photon resonant nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NFWM) in a Doppler broadened system. It is found that because the induced polarization is sensitive to the atomic velocity, there exists interference between polarizations of atoms with different velocities, leading to significant modification of the NFWM spectra. This polarization interference can be controlled through applying an additional coupling field.

With the rapid development and widely-use of cloud computing, nowadays more and more users store data in the cloud storages. Some users, especially enterprise users, who have more privacy requirements, urgently need a solution where the cloud storage can be encrypted and retrieved rapidly and also open to internal staff only. However, to protect the privacy of data, the data must be encrypted when it is uploaded. This will greatly reduce the efficiency of retrieval. On the basis of the above, the author proposes a solution which can provide privacy protection and rapid fuzzy search under cloud computing environment. This solution can provide a more reasonable and efficient data storage and retrieval services to the user's data.

The beam divergence effects of the input pump laser on a high power nanosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO) have been numerically simulated. The OPO conversion efficiency is affected due to the angular deviation of real laser beams from ideal phase matching conditions. Our theoretical model is based on the decomposition of the Gaussian beam and assumes each component has a single deviation angle and thus a particular wave vector mismatch. We take into account the variable intensity profile in the spatial and temporal domains of the Gaussian beam, the pump depletion effects for large-signal processes as well as the oscillatory effects of the three waves. Two nonlinear crystals β-BaB2O4 (BBO) and LiB3O5 (LBO) have been investigated in detail. The results indicate that the degree of beam divergence strongly influences the maximum pump intensity, optimum crystal length and OPO conversion efficiency. The impact of beam divergence is much more severe in the case of critical phase-matching for BBO than in the case of non-critical phase-matching for LBO. The results provide a way to choose the optimum parameters for a high power ns OPO such as the nonlinear material, the crystal length and the pump intensity, etc. Good agreement is obtained with our experimental results.

We report a nanosecond Nd:YVO4-pumped optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN). Tuning is achieved in this experiment by varying the temperature and period of the PPLN. The design of double-pass singly resonant oscillator (DSRO) and confocal cavity enables the OPO threshold to be lowered considerably, resulting in a simple, compact, all-solid-state configuration with the mid-infrared idler powers of up to 466mW at 3.41μm.

In a dispersive medium, different monochromatic modes of light have different phase velocities. Under special circumstances, a superposition of these modes results in an interesting effect wherein the group velocity (the velocity at which the peak of the wavepacket propagates) could be greater than c or even negative although the phase velocities of the modes are all less than c. Can this superluminal group velocity be used for information transfer? We show here that the `superluminal' effect is due to a coherent optical wave superposition effect. Whatever the velocity of the `peak', the whole pulse cannot travel with a speed greater than the fastest phase velocity of its component modes. Thus the maximum speed for information transfer, which involves the sending of a finite pulse, cannot be greater than the maximum phase velocity in the medium.

In this work, we report that NiO thin film can be used as a back contact buffer layer in CdTe thin film solar cells. The NiO layer is prepared by electron beam evaporation. To optimize the thickness of the NiO thin film, we fabricate some CdTe solar cells with different NiO thickness values. A NiO/Au back contact CdTe solar cell with an efficiency of 12.17% and an open-circuit voltage Voc of 789 mV is obtained, which are comparable to those of a standard Cu/Au back contact solar cell. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to quantitatively characterize the band alignment at the CdTe/NiO interface. It can be seen from the band alignment that the valence band offset (EVBO) is 0.52 eV and the conduction band offset (ECBO) is 2.68 eV. The EVBO presents no energy barrier for hole to transport from CdTe to NiO. The value of ECBO indicates that NiO can act as a back surface field layer (BSF) to dramatically reduce carrier recombination in the contact region of a CdTe cell, leading to an improved Voc. The band alignment obtained from XPS measurement shows that the band alignments of NiO and CdTe are perfectly matched. However, the conductivity of NiO film is poor. The insertion of a NiO buffer layer in the back contact increases the series resistance and reduces the fill factor (FF). We propose to use Cu/NiO composite structure as a bi-layer contact to improve the conductivity of the NiO buffer layer, which at the same time can be used to dope the CdTe film surface by Cu to obtain a low resistive contact. We fabricate a cell with a contact structure of 3-nm-Cu/20-nm-NiO/Au and the cell has a Voc of 796 mV, a Jsc (short-circuit currrent) of 24.2 mA/cm2, an FF of 70.2% and an efficiency of 13.5%. In order to study the stability of the solar cell with a Cu/NiO/Au back contact, a thermal stressing test is carried out at a temperature of 80 ℃ in the air atmosphere. For the Cu/NiO/Au back contact structure solar cell, the efficiency decreases from 13.1% to 12.9% after the cell is stressed for 80 h, showing that the stability of the Cu/NiO/Au back contact cell is significantly improved compared with that of the standard Cu/Au contact cell. In summary, the experimental results obtained in this study demonstrate that NiO thin film is a promising buffer layer for manufacturing stable and high efficiency CdTe thin film solar cells.