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The estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) of shale gas wells is influenced by many factors, and the accurate prediction still faces certain challenges. As an artificial intelligence algorithm, deep learning yields notable advantages in nonlinear regression. Therefore, it is feasible to predict the EUR of shale gas wells based on a deep-learning algorithm. In this paper, according to geological evaluation data, hydraulic fracturing data, production data and EUR evaluation results of 282 wells in the WY shale gas field, a deep-learning-based algorithm for EUR evaluation of shale gas wells was designed and realized. First, the existing EUR evaluation methods of shale gas wells and the deep feedforward neural network algorithm was systematically analyzed. Second, the technical process of a deep-learning-based algorithm for EUR prediction of shale gas wells was designed. Finally, by means of real data obtained from the WY shale gas field, several different cases were applied to testify the validity and accuracy of the proposed approach. The results show that the EUR prediction with high accuracy. In addition, the results are affected by the variety and number of input parameters, the network structure and hyperparameters. The proposed approach can be extended to other shale fields using the similar technic process.

Background: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gastrointestinal disorder associated with epigastric pain and fullness, with symptoms such as anxiety and depression. Electroacupuncture (EA) has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat FD via electrical stimulation at specific acupoints of the body and has previously been demonstrated to be effective in promoting gastric motility and attenuating the symptoms of FD. However, the mechanisms underlying the effect of EA remain elusive.Results: Herein, we constructed an in vivo model of FD in rats and performed EA on FD-induced rats. Preliminary bioinformatic analysis through RNA sequencing revealed that differentially expressed microRNAs exist between non-treated and EA-treated rats subjected to EA. Among them, miR-221-3p was associated with the target gene c-kit, the expression of which is closely linked to interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and gap junction intercellular communication, factors critically implicated in gastrointestinal motility. We further proved that miR-221-3p overexpression aggravated FD, but EA downregulated miR-221-3p to alleviate the symptoms of FD. The mechanisms of action underlying the effect of EA involve an increase in c-kit+ ICCs, upregulation of stem cell factor and connexin 43, and enhanced Raf/Erk signaling.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that EA is an effective method of managing FD by regulating miR-221-3p, the c-kit/stem cell factor axis, and Raf/Erk signaling, reinforcing the strong role of gap junction intercellular communication in gastrointestinal motility.

Objective: Inflammatory cytokines are increased during one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing lung resection, and this increase can be fatal. Propofol and sevoflurane are the main anesthetics used for these patients. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on the best choice of an anesthetic agent concerning an inflammatory response in patients undergoing lung resection. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane on the inflammatory response in patients undergoing lung resection.Methods: We searched electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of different anesthetics (sevoflurane vs. propofol) on the inflammatory response. The primary outcome concerned the concentration of systemic inflammatory cytokines. The secondary outcomes concerned the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from the dependent and independent lung. Random effects analysis of the meta-analyses were performed to synthesize the evidence and to assess the concentrations of inflammatory factors in the sevoflurane and propofol groups.Results: Eight trials involving 488 participants undergoing lung resection with one-lung ventilation were included. There was no significant difference in the concentrations of systemic interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, or tumor necrosis factor α between the sevoflurane and propofol groups. Compared with the propofol group, BAL levels of IL-6 in the dependent ventilated lung were decreased in the sevoflurane group (three trials, 256 participants; standardized mean difference [SMD], −0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.90 to −0.11; p = 0.01; I2 = 46%). The BAL levels of IL-6 in the independent ventilated lung were also decreased by sevoflurane (four trials, 362 participants; SMD, −0.70; 95% [CI], −0.93 to −0.47; p < 0.00001; I2 = 0%).Conclusions: There was no difference in the systemic inflammatory response between the sevoflurane and propofol groups. However, compared with propofol, sevoflurane can reduce the local alveolar inflammatory response. Additional research is necessary to confirm whether the inflammatory response is direct or indirect.

Here you will find a series of images taken by scientists based at the University of Dundee that highlight the microbes they work with. The images in the collection are part of a physical exhibition located at the Dundee Science Centre.

As an effective scale for the condition assessment of patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI), the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) is the most widely used scale, and its original version is written in English. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to apply the CAIT to Chinese patients and evaluate its responsiveness, reliability, and validity in terms of Chinese patients with CAI. First, we adapted the CAIT into the Chinese edition (CAIT-C), through which cross-cultural adaptation and translation can be carried out in a five-step procedure. Next, recruited patients completed the three periods of the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), CAIT-C, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) scales. Afterward, to assess the responsiveness, reliability, and validity, we calculated the standardized response mean (SRM), effect size (ES), Spearman's correlation coefficient (rs), minimal detectable change (MDC), standard error of measurement (SEM), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Cronbach’s alpha. Generally, in the use of CAI, 131, 119, and 86 patients favorably completed the three periods of the scales. The CAIT-C was proven to have good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.930) and fine internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.845–0.878). The low-value of MDC (0.04–2.28) and SEM (1.73) show it is possible to detect clinical changes when we take advantage of CAIT-C. Good or moderate correlations (rs = 0.422–0.738) were gained from the physical subscales of the SF-36 and the subscales of the FAAM and the CAIT-C. Fair or poor correlations (rs = 0.003–0.360) were gained between the mental subscales of the SF-36 and the CAIT-C, which sufficiently indicated that the CAIT-C had good validity. Moreover, good responsiveness was observed in the CAIT-C (ES = 1.316, SRM = 1.418). The CAIT-C scale is an effective, valid, and reliable tool to evaluate Chinese CAI patients.

Achilles tendon injury is one of the challenges of sports medicine, the aetiology of which remains unknown. For a long time, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been known as a regulating factor of the metabolism in many connective tissues, such as bone, muscle and cartilage, but little is known about its role in tendon. Recent studies have implicated ERβ as involved in the process of tendon healing. Tendon‐derived stem cells (TDSCs) are getting more and more attention in tendon physiological and pathological process. In this study, we investigated how ERβ played a role in Achilles tendon healing. Achilles tendon injury model was established to analyse how ERβ affected on healing process in vivo. Cell proliferation assay, Western blots, qRT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry were performed to investigate the effect of ERβ on TDSCs. Here, we showed that ERβ deletion in mice resulted in inferior gross appearance, histological scores and, most importantly, increased accumulation of adipocytes during the early tendon healing which involved activation of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signalling. Furthermore, in vitro results of ours confirmed that the abnormity might be the result of abnormal TDSC adipogenic differentiation which could be partially reversed by the treatment of ERβ agonist LY3201. These data revealed a role of ERβ in Achilles tendon healing for the first time, thereby providing a new target for clinical treatment of Achilles tendon injury.

Tendon injuries are common musculoskeletal system disorders in clinical, but the regeneration ability of tendon is limited. Tendon stem cells (TSCs) have shown promising effect on tissue engineering and been used for the treatment of tendon injury. Exosomes that serve as genetic information carriers have been implicated in many diseases and physiological processes, but effect of exosomes from TSCs on tendon injury repair is unclear. The aim of this study is to make clear that the effect of exosomes from TSCs on tendon injury healing. Exosomes were harvested from conditioned culture media of TSCs by a sequential centrifugation process. Rat Achilles tendon tendinopathy model was established by collagenase‐I injection. This was followed by intra‐Achilles‐tendon injection with TSCs or exosomes. Tendon healing and matrix degradation were evaluated by histology analysis and biomechanical test at the post‐injury 5 weeks. In vitro, TSCs treated with interleukin 1 beta were added by conditioned medium including exosomes or not, or by exosomes or not. Tendon matrix related markers and tenogenesis related markers were measured by immunostaining and western blot. We found that TSCs injection and exosomes injection significantly decreased matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐3 expression, increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase‐3 (TIMP‐3) and Col‐1a1, and increased biomechanical properties of the ultimate stress and maximum loading. In vitro, conditioned medium with exosomes and exosomes also significantly decreased MMP‐3, and increased expression of tenomodulin, Col‐1a1 and TIMP‐3. Exosomes from TSCs could be an ideal therapeutic strategy in tendon injury healing for its balancing tendon extracellular matrix and promoting the tenogenesis of TSCs.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) usually gives rise to transcoelomic spread and ultimately causes peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). However, mechanism studies, especially the immunological basis of colorectal PC, are rarely revealed due to lack of a suitable PC model. Here we selected a mouse colorectal cancer cell line MC-38 for intraperitoneal inoculation in the C57BL/6 mice to mimic the development of colorectal PC. We demonstrated that the injected CRC cells preferentially and rapidly migrated and colonized in the visceral fat tissues, but not in other visceral organs. With flow cytometric analysis, we found the proportions of spleen T cells and B cells were not affected by PC progression, while the ratios of blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were largely influenced. Especially, the quantity or activity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in visceral fats were intimately regulated by PC development. Taken together, we successfully constructed a colorectal PC model in immune-competent mice and revealed the alteration of adaptive immunity in PC development. Our study might potentiate the research and therapy strategies of colorectal PC.

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study was to compare stability of injectable hollow pedicle screws with different numbers of holes using different volumes of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in severely osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae and analyze the relationship between screw stability and distribution and volume of PMMA.METHODSForty-eight severely osteoporotic cadaveric lumbar vertebrae were randomly divided into 3 groups—groups A, B, and C (16 vertebrae per group). The screws used in group A had 4 holes (2 pairs of holes, with the second hole of each pair placed 180° further along the thread than the first). The screws used in group B had 6 holes (3 pairs of holes, placed with the same 180° difference in position). Unmodified conventional screws were used in group C. Each group was randomly divided into subgroups 0, 1, 2, and 3, with different volumes of PMMA used in each subgroup. Type A and B pedicle screws were directly inserted into the vertebrae in groups A and B, respectively, and then different volumes of PMMA were injected through the screws into the vertebrae in subgroups 0, 1, 2, and 3. The pilot hole was filled with different volumes of PMMA followed by insertion of screws in groups C0, C1, C2, and C3. Distributions of PMMA were evaluated radiographically, and axial pull-out tests were performed to measure the maximum axial pullout strength (Fmax).RESULTSRadiographic examination revealed that PMMA surrounded the anterior third of the screws in the vertebral bodies (VBs) in groups A1, A2, and A3; the middle third of screws in the junction area of the vertebral body (VB) and pedicle in groups B1, B2, and B3; and the full length of screws evenly in both VB and pedicle in groups C1, C2, and C3. In addition, in groups A3 and B3, PMMA from each of the screws (left and right) was in contact with PMMA from the other screw and the PMMA was closer to the posterior wall and pedicle than in groups A1, A2, B1, and B2. One instance of PMMA leakage was found (in group B3). Two-way analysis of variance revealed that 2 factors—distribution and volume of PMMA—significantly influenced Fmax (p < 0.05) but that they were not significantly correlated (p = 0.078). The Fmax values in groups in which screws were augmented with PMMA were significantly better than those in groups in which no PMMA was used (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSPMMA can significantly improve stability of different injectable pedicle screws in severely osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae, and screw stability is significantly correlated with distribution and volume of PMMA. The closer the PMMA is to the pedicle and the greater the quantity of injected PMMA used, the greater the pedicle screw stability is. Injection of 3.0 mL PMMA through screws with 4 holes (2 pair of holes, with the screws in each pair placed on opposite sides of the screw) produces optimal stability in severely osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae.

Sarcotubular myopathy (STM) is a rare autosomal recessive myopathy caused by TRIM32 gene mutations. It is predominantly characterized by the weakness of the proximal limb and mild to moderate elevation of creatine kinase (CK) levels. In this study, we describe a 50‑year‑old Chinese man who exhibited a proximal-to-distal weakness in the muscles of the lower limbs and who had difficulty standing up from a squat position. The symptoms gradually became more severe. He denied a history of cognitive or cardiological problems. The patient's parents and children were healthy. Histopathological examination revealed dystrophic changes and irregular slit-shaped vacuoles containing amorphous materials. Whole-exome sequencing consisting of protein-encoding regions of 19,396 genes was performed, the results of which identified one novel homozygous 2kb deletion chr9.hg19: g.119460021_119461983del (exon2) in the TRIM32 gene. This was confirmed at the homozygous state with quantitative real-time PCR. Here, we present a Chinese case of STM with one novel mutation in TRIM32 and provide a brief summary of all known pathogenic mutations in TRIM32.

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a terminal phase of malignancy with no effective strategies for the prevention of this condition. Here we established PC models in mice by intraperitoneal engraftment of CRC cells and revealed an unexpected role for a high-fat diet (HFD) in preventing metastatic seeding in the visceral fat. Mechanistically, the HFD stimulated the activation of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) toward an M1-like phenotype and enhanced ATM tumor phagocytosis in a TLR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, the TLR4–Cxcl10 axis in ATMs promoted T cell recruitment, and M1-like macrophages stimulated T cell activation in tumor-seeded fats. The inhibitory effect of the HFD on tumor seeding was abolished with the ablation of macrophages, inactivation of T cells, or blockade of the TLR4–Cxcl10 axis in macrophages. Finally, we showed that a HFD and conventional chemotherapeutic agents (oxaliplatin or 5-fluorouracil) synergistically improved the survival of tumor-seeded mice. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that peritoneal seeding of CRC can be suppressed by short-term treatment with a HFD in the early phase, providing a novel concept for the management of these patients in the clinic.

Background: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is an important part of the lung protection strategies for one-lung ventilation (OLV). However, a fixed PEEP value is not suitable for all patients. Our objective was to determine the prevention of individualized PEEP on postoperative complications in patients undergoing one-lung ventilation. Method: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane and performed a meta-analysis to compare the effect of individual PEEP vs fixed PEEP during single lung ventilation on postoperative pulmonary complications. Our primary outcome was the occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications during follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the partial pressure of arterial oxygen and oxygenation index during one-lung ventilation. Result: Eight studies examining 849 patients were included in this review. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications was reduced in the individualized PEEP group with a risk ratio of 0.52 (95% CI:0.37–0.73; P = .0001). The partial pressure of arterial oxygen during the OLV in the individualized PEEP group was higher with a mean difference 34.20 mm Hg (95% CI: 8.92–59.48; P = .0004). Similarly, the individualized PEEP group had a higher oxygenation index, MD: 49.07mmHg, (95% CI: 27.21–70.92; P

SummaryBackgroundTo investigate the impact of goggles on their health and clinical practice during management of patients with COVID-19.Methods231 nurse practitioners were enrolled who worked in isolation region in designated hospitals to admit patients with COVID-19 in China. Demographic data, goggle-associated symptoms and underlying reasons, incidence of medical errors or exposures, the effects of fog in goggles on practice were all collected. Data were stratified and analyzed by age or working experience. Risk factors of goggle-associated medical errors were analyzed by multivariable logistical regression analysis.FindingsGoggle-associated symptoms and foggy goggles widely presented in nurses. The most common symptoms were headache, skin pressure injury and dizziness. Headache, vomit and nausea were significantly fewer reported in nurses with longer working experience while rash occurred higher in this group. The underlying reasons included tightness of goggles, unsuitable design and uncomfortable materials. The working status of nurses with more working experience was less impacted by goggles. 11.3% nurses occurred medical exposures in clinical practice while 19.5% nurses made medical errors on patients. The risk factors for medical errors were time interval before adapting to goggle-associated discomforts, adjusting goggles and headache.InterpretationGoggle-associated symptoms and fog can highly impact the working status and contribute to medical errors during management of COVID-19. Increased the experience with working in PPE through adequate training and psychological education may benefit for relieving some symptoms and improving working status. Improvement of goggle design during productive process was strongly suggested to reduce incidence of discomforts and medical errors.

Risk indicators viral load (ORF1ab Ct), lymphocyte percentage (LYM%), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT) and lactic acid (LA) in COVID-19 patients have been proposed in recent studies. However, the predictive effects of those indicators on disease classification and prognosis remains largely unknown. We dynamically measured those reported indicators in 132 cases of COVID-19 patients including the moderate-cured (moderated and cured), severe-cured (severe and cured) and critically ill (died). Our data showed that CRP, PCT, IL-6, LYM%, lactic acid and viral load could predict prognosis and guide classification of COVID-19 patients in different degrees. CRP, IL-6 and LYM% were more effective than other three factors in predicting prognosis. For disease classification, CRP and LYM% were sensitive in identifying the types between critically ill and severe (or moderate). Notably, among the investigated factors, LYM% was the only one that could distinguish between the severe and moderate types. Collectively, we concluded that LYM% was the most sensitive and reliable predictor for disease typing and prognosis. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the precise classification and prognosis prediction are critical for saving the insufficient medical resources, stratified treatment and improving the survival rate of critically ill patients. We recommend that LYM% be used independently or in combination with other indicators in the management of COVID-19.

SUMMARYProlonged viral shedding is associated with severe status and poor prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Unexpectedly, here we report a non-severe patient with the longest duration of viral shedding. According to the investigation on the clinical and epidemiological information of this case, we concluded that this type of virus might have a low toxicity and transmissibility, but have a prolonged infective ability and was hardly to be eliminated in the body with regular therapy. However, infusion of plasma from recovered patients showed high efficiency in elimination of this virus. Our findings might shed light on the management of COVID-19.

Immunosenescence is characterized by an age-related decline in immune system function. Major efforts have been made to identify changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets accompanying immunosenescence in elderly adults. However, the change trends of some lymphocyte subsets with age are still controversial, and populations of advanced ages, such as people in their 80s or 90s, have not yet been thoroughly investigated. To provide further insight, we recruited 957 healthy donors without certain diseases with ages ranging from 20 to 95 years. Peripheral lymphocyte subsets, including T cells, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells and NK cells, and the CD4/CD8 ratio were measured by flow cytometry. Additionally, regulatory CD4 T cells with inhibitory functions marked by CD3+CD4+CD25hi and the expression of the costimulatory molecule CD28 on CD8 T cells were evaluated. Sex was considered at the same time. The data indicated that in elderly people, peripheral T (p

Accurate remaining useful life prediction is meaningful for cutting tool usability evaluation. Over the years, experience-based models, data-driven models, and physics-based models have been used individually to predict cutting tool remaining useful lives. In order to improve prediction performances, different prognostics models can be combined to leverage their advantages. In this paper, a hybrid cutting tool remaining useful life prediction approach is proposed by combining a data-driven model and a physics-based model. By using force, vibration and acoustic emission signals, the data-driven model monitors cutting tool wear conditions based on empirical mode decomposition and back propagation neural network. On the basis of the Wiener process, the physics-based model builds a cutting tool condition degradation model to predict cutting tool remaining useful lives. Experimental study verifies the approach's effectiveness, accuracy, and robustness. Then, cutting tool remaining useful lives can be predicted more accurately during the machining process.

OBJECTIVE The segmental occipital condyle screw (OCS) is an alternative fixation technique in occipitocervical fusion. A thorough morphological study of the occipital condyle (OC) is critical for OCS placement. The authors set out to introduce a more precise CT-based method for morphometric analysis of the OC as it pertains to the placement of the segmental OCS, and they describe a novel preoperative simulation method for screw placement. Two new clinically relevant parameters, the height available for the OCS and the warning depth, are proposed. METHODS CT data sets from 27 fresh-frozen human cadaveric occipitocervical spines were used. All measurements were performed using a commercially available 3D reconstruction software package. The length, width, and sagittal angle of the condyle were measured in the axial plane at the base of the OC. The height of the OC and the height available for the segmental OCS were measured in the reconstructed oblique sagittal plane, fitting the ideal trajectory of the OCS recommended in the literature. The placement of a 3.5-mm-diameter screw that had the longest length of bicortical purchase was simulated into the OC in the oblique sagittal plane, with the screw path not being blocked by the occiput and not violating the hypoglossal canal cranially or the atlantooccipital joint caudally. The length of the simulated screw was recorded. The warning depth was measured as the shortest distance from the entry point of the screw to the posterior border of the hypoglossal canal. RESULTS The mean length and width of the OC were found to be larger in males: 22.2 ± 1.7 mm and 12.1 ± 1.0 mm, respectively, overall (p < 0.0001 for both). The mean sagittal angle was 28.0° ± 4.9°. The height available for the OCS was significantly less than the height of the OC (6.2 ± 1.3 mm vs 9.4 ± 1.5 mm, p < 0.0001). The mean screw length (19.3 ± 1.9 mm) also presented significant sex-related differences: male greater than female (p = 0.0002). The mean warning depth was 7.5 ± 1.7 mm. In 7.4% of the samples, although the height of the OC was viable, the height available for the OCS was less than 4.5 mm, thus making screw placement impractical. For these cases, a new preoperative simulation method of the OCS placement was proposed. In 92.6% of the samples that could accommodate a 3.5-mm-diameter screw, 24.0% showed that the entry point of the simulated screw was covered by a small part of the C-1 posterosuperior joint rim. CONCLUSIONS The placement of the segmental OCS is feasible in most cases, but a thorough preoperative radiological analysis is essential and cannot be understated. The height available for the OCS is a more clinically relevant and precise parameter than the height of the OC to enable proper screw placement. The warning depth may be helpful for the placement of the OCS.

Giant cell tumor (GCT) of bone is a locally aggressive bone tumor, which accounts for 4% to 5% of all primary bone tumors. At present, the early diagnosis and postoperative recurrence monitoring are still more difficult due to the lack of effective biomarkers in GCT. As an effective tool, metabolomics has played an essential role in the biomarkers research of many tumors. However, there has been no related study of the metabolomics of GCT up to now. The purpose of this study was to identify several key metabolites as potential biomarkers for GCT by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolic profiles. Patients with GCT in our hospital were recruited in this study and their plasma was collected as the research sample, and plasma collected from healthy subjects was considered as the control. NMR was then utilized to detect all samples. Furthermore, based on correlation coefficients, variable importance for the projection values and P values of metabolites obtained from multidimensional statistical analysis, the most critical metabolites were selected as potential biomarkers of GCT. Finally, relevant metabolic pathways involved in these potential biomarkers were determined by database retrieval, based on which the metabolic pathways were plotted. Finally, 28 GCT patients and 26 healthy volunteers agreed to participate in the study. In the multidimensional statistical analysis, all results showed that there was obvious difference between the GCT group and the control group. Ultimately, 18 metabolites with significant differences met the selection condition, which were identified as potential biomarkers. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Human Metabolome Database (HMD) database searching and literature review, these metabolites were found to be mainly correlated with glucose metabolism, fat metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and intestinal microbial metabolism. These metabolic disorders might, in turn, reflect important pathological processes such as proliferation and migration of tumor cells and immune escape in GCT. Our work showed that these potential biomarkers identified appeared to have early diagnostic and relapse monitoring values for GCT, which deserve to be further investigated. In addition, it also suggested that metabolomics profiling approach is a promising screening tool for the diagnosis and relapse monitoring of GCT patients.

Tendinopathy is a common musculoskeletal system disorder in sports medicine, but regeneration ability of injury tendon is limited. Tendon stem cells (TSCs) have shown the definitive treatment evidence for tendinopathy and tendon injuries due to their tenogenesis capacity. Aspirin, as the representative of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for its anti-inflammatory and analgestic actions, has been commonly used in treating tendinopathy in clinical, but the effect of aspirin on tenogenesis of TSCs is unclear. We hypothesized that aspirin could promote injury tendon healing through inducing TSCs tenogenesis. The aim of the present study is to make clear the effect of aspirin on TSC tenogenesis and tendon healing in tendinopathy, and thus provide new treatment evidence and strategy of aspirin for clinical practice. First, TSCs were treated with aspirin under tenogenic medium for 3, 7, and 14 days. Sirius Red staining was performed to observe the TSC differentiation. Furthermore, RNA sequencing was utilized to screen out different genes between the induction group and aspirin treatment group. Then, we identified the filtrated molecules and compared their effect on tenogenesis and related signaling pathway. At last, we constructed the tendinopathy model and compared biomechanical changes after aspirin intake. From the results, we found that aspirin promoted tenogenesis of TSCs. RNA sequencing showed that growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6), GDF7, and GDF11 were upregulated in induction medium with the aspirin group compared with the induction medium group. GDF7 increased tenogenesis and activated Smad1/5 signaling. In addition, aspirin increased the expression of TNC, TNMD, and Scx and biomechanical properties of the injured tendon. In conclusion, aspirin promoted TSC tenogenesis and tendinopathy healing through GDF7/Smad1/5 signaling, and this provided new treatment evidence of aspirin for tendinopathy and tendon injuries.

Background The severity and outcome of COVID-19 cases has been associated with percentage of circulating lymphocytes (LYM%), levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT), lactic acid (LA) and viral load (ORF1ab Ct). However, the predictive power of each of these indicators in disease classification and prognosis remains largely unclear. Methods we retrospectively collected information on the above parameters in 142 patients with COVID-19, stratifying them by survival or disease severity. Findings CRP, PCT, IL-6, LYM% and ORF1ab Ct were significantly altered between survivors and non-survivors. LYM%, CRP and IL-6 were the most sensitive and reliable factors in distinguishing between survivors and non-survivors. These indicators were significantly different between critically ill and severe/moderate patients. Only LYM% levels were significantly different between severe and moderate types. Among all the investigated indicators, LYM% was the most sensitive and reliable in discriminating between critically ill, severe and moderate types, and between survivors and non-survivors. Conclusions CRP, PCT, IL-6, LYM% and ORF1ab Ct, but not LA, could predict prognosis and guide classification of COVID-19 patients. LYM% was the most sensitive and reliable predictor for disease typing and prognosis. We recommend that LYM% be further investigated in the management of COVID-19., Graphical Abstract, Highlights: (1) Inflammatory cytokines, lymphocytes and viral load predict prognosis in COVID-19 patients. (2) Inflammatory cytokines, lymphocytes and viral load indicate disease severity. (3) Lymphocytes and C-reactive protein distinguish between severe and moderate types. (4) Lymphocyte count is the most effective indicator of disease severity and prognosis.

Background Context Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is widely used for pedicle screw augmentation in osteoporosis. Intriguingly, there have been no biomechanical comparisons of the stability of pedicle screws augmented with different volumes of PMMA or studies of the relationship between screw stability and volume of PMMA, especially in different degrees of osteoporosis. Purpose The purposes of the study reported here were to compare screw stability by different volumes of PMMA augmentation, to analyze the relationship between screw stability and PMMA volume, and to make a preliminary determination of the optimum volume of PMMA augmentation for different degrees of osteoporosis. Study Design This study is a biomechanical comparison of pedicle screws augmented with various volumes of PMMA in cadaveric lumbar vertebrae. Methods Thirty-six pedicles from 18 osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae were randomly divided into groups A0 through A5, and 36 pedicles from 18 severely osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae were randomly divided into groups B0 through B5. A different volume of PMMA was injected into each one of groups A0 through A5 (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mL, respectively) and into each one of groups B0 through B5 (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mL, respectively), and then pedicle screws were inserted in all vertebrae. After complete solidification of the PMMA, we examined pedicle X-rays, performed axial pullout tests, and determined the maximum axial pullout strength (F max ) for all samples. Results No PMMA was found around the screws in groups A0 and B0. In groups A1 to A5 and B1 to B5, screws were wrapped by gradually increasing amounts of PMMA. There was no PMMA leakage or screw malpositioning in any samples. The F max in groups A1 through A5 increased by 32.40%, 64.42%, 116.02%, 174.07%, and 207.42%, respectively, compared with that in group A0. There were no significant differences in F max between groups A0 and A1, A1 and A2, A2 and A3, A3 and A4, and A4 and A5 (p>.05), but there were significant differences in F max between any other two groups (p max in groups B1 through B5 increased by 23.48%, 48.40%, 106.60%, 134.73%, and 210.04%, respectively, compared with that in group B0. There were no significant differences in F max between groups B0 and B1, B0 and B2, B1 and B2, B2 and B3, B3 and B4 (p>.05), but there were significant differences in F max between any other two groups (p max and volume of PMMA in both osteoporotic and severely osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae (p Conclusions Polymethylmethacrylate can significantly enhance stability of pedicle screws in both osteoporotic and severely osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae. There is a significant positive correlation between screw stability and volume of PMMA. Within a certain range, nevertheless, increasing the volume of PMMA does not significantly improve screw stability. We suggest that 1.5 and 3 mL, respectively, are the volumes of injected PMMA that will optimize pedicle screw stability in osteoporotic and severely osteoporotic lumbar vertebrae.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) serve an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by regulating autoimmunity and inflammation. Humans and mice contain inducible T-cell costimulator-positive (ICOS+) Tregs, although their role in RA is unclear. A total of 33 patients with RA and 17 normal control (NC) subjects were examined. The proportion of ICOS+ Tregs in the peripheral blood and intracellular cytokine levels in these cells were assessed using flow cytometry. The percentage of ICOS+ Tregs increased in the cohort of patients with RA compared with the NCs. Such increases were much larger in patients with inactive RA compared with patients with active RA. Additionally, ICOS+ Tregs expressed multiple suppressive cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-10, transforming growth factor-β and IL-35, but expressed low levels of IL-17. Importantly, the expression of suppressive cytokines in ICOS+ Tregs from patients with active RA decreased, but IL-17 expression noticeably increased compared with patients with inactive RA. The present findings suggested that ICOS+ Tregs may perform inflammatory and inhibitory functions, and abnormal ICOS+ Tregs numbers and functions may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.

Background Chronic muscle injury is characteristics of fatty infiltration and fibrosis. Recently, fibro/adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) were found to be indispensable for muscular regeneration while were also responsible for fibrosis and fatty infiltration in muscle injury. Many myokines have been proven to regulate the adipose or cell proliferation. Because the fate of FAPs is largely dependent on microenvironment and the regulation of myokines on FAPs is still unclear. We screened the potential myokines and found Interleukin-15 (IL-15) may regulate the fatty infiltration in muscle injury. In this study, we investigated how IL-15 regulated FAPs in muscle injury and the effect on muscle regeneration. Methods Cell proliferation assay, western blots, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometric analysis were performed to investigate the effect of IL-15 on proliferation and adipogensis of FAPs. Acute muscle injury was induced by injection of glycerol or cardiotoxin to analyze how IL-15 effected on FAPs in vivo and its function on fatty infiltration or muscle regeneration. Results We identified that the expression of IL-15 in injured muscle was negatively associated with fatty infiltration. IL-15 can stimulate the proliferation of FAPs and prevent the adipogenesis of FAPs in vitro and in vivo. The growth of FAPs caused by IL-15 was mediated through JAK-STAT pathway. In addition, desert hedgehog pathway may participate in IL-15 inhibiting adipogenesis of FAPs. Our study showed IL-15 can cause the fibrosis after muscle damage and promote the myofiber regeneration. Finally, the expression of IL-15 was positively associated with severity of fibrosis and number of FAPs in patients with chronic rotator cuff tear. Conclusions These findings supported the potential role of IL-15 as a modulator on fate of FAPs in injured muscle and as a novel therapy for chronic muscle injury. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-018-0251-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background Autosomal recessive Myotonia congenita (Becker’s disease) is caused by mutations in the CLCN1 gene. The condition is characterized by muscle stiffness during sustained muscle contraction and variable degree of muscle weakness that tends to improve with repeated contractions. Case presentation A 21-year-old man presented with transient muscle stiffness since the last 10 years. He had difficulty in initiating movement and experienced muscle weakness after rest, which typically improved after repeated contraction (warm-up phenomenon). There was no significant family history. Medical examination showed generalized muscle hypertrophy. Serum creatine kinase level was 2-fold higher than the normal value. Electromyogram showed myotonic discharges. DNA sequence analysis identified a novel splice mutation (c.1401 + 1G > A) and a known mutation (c.1657A > T,p.Ile553Phe). He rapidly responded to treatment with mexiletine 100 mg three times a day for 6 months. Conclusions This case report of autosomal recessive Myotonia congenita caused by a novel compound heterozygous mutation expands the genotypic spectrum of CLCN1 gene.

Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disease characterized by degradation of cartilage. The etiology of OA is still unclear. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role of angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of OA and contributes to the angiogenesis of NT-1/DCC. Whether or not NT-1/DCC and VEGF interact in regulating angiogenesis of OA cartilage is not known. Methods Histological studies for CD34, VEGF, and safranin-O staining were performed to determine angiogenesis and cartilage tissue injury. ELISA indicated the level of pro-inflammation cytokines. Immunoblotting, immunoprecipitation, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) were performed to assay the expression and function of NT-1/DCC-VEGF signaling pathway. Results Our data indicated that VEGF expression was increased in cartilage tissue from OA rats, while the chondrocytes were disorganized, and cartilage degeneration was increasing in OA rats. The inflammation factors in articular cavity fluid were higher in the OA rats than in the sham. The protein expression of NT-1, DCC, and VEGF were increased in osteoarthritic cartilage. DCC was involved in the positive regulation of osteoarthritic angiogenesis by VEGF. Egr-1 expression was higher in OA rats than in sham rats. Egr-1 is a regulator of DCC promoter activity, and the binding is higher in OA rats than in sham rats. Conclusion Our present study provides a mechanism by which Egr-1 induced angiogenesis via NT-1/DCC-VEGF pathway.

In this study, we conducted an investigation among medical workers, patients and college students concerning their acceptability of breast palpation performed by male doctors (hereinafter referred to as "acceptability", or "the examination", respectively, if not otherwise indicated), to get the information about their acceptability and reasons for accepting or declining the examination among the three population. A questionnaire investigation was conducted in 500 patients with breast diseases, 700 students of medical colleges, and 280 medical workers working in hospitals. The subjects were asked to choose between two options: accept or do not accept (the examination). The subjects were asked to fill out the questionnaire forms on free and anonymous basis and the questionnaire forms were collected on spot, immediately after completion. The questionnaires collected were coded, sorted out and checked. Data of the eligible questionnaires were input into Epidata software and analyzed by SPSS. Upon the establishment of the database, the intra-group data were tested by utilizing χ(2) test. Among 1480 questionnaires, 1293 (90.41%) questionnaires were retrieved. Our results showed that 56.78% of patients reported that they could accept breast palpation by male doctors. About 59.66% of medical staff expressed their acceptance of the examination, but only 35.03% of students said the examination. On the basis of this study, we were led to conclude that the examination is not well accepted by different populations, and therefore, (1) medical professionals and administrators should pay attention to the gender-related ethics in their practice and the feeling of patients should be respected when medical examinations involve private or sensitive body parts; (2) to this end, related departments should be properly staffed with doctors of both sexes, and this is especially true of the departments involving the examination or treatment of private or sensitive body parts; (3) health education should, among other things, include helping female patients to overcome the fear and anxiety in such examinations. This is of great importance since some women may miss the opportunity to get timely diagnosis.

Dueto the shortage of domestic and foreign books sorting machine, the innovativedesign for the book sorting device is carried out with a small volume, lowcost, high efficiency characteristics by using TRIZ theory. The sorting deviceconsists of lifting platform device and trolley rail unit, and it greatlyreduces the size and cost of production and sorts books into 22x9 categories, soit has larger applications prospect in college library. Research andapplication of TRIZ theory in mechanical product innovation design has a veryimportant theoretical and realistic significance.

This paper presents the results of an experiment to investigate the high cycle fatigue properties of the ultra-high strength steel TM210A. A constant amplitude rotating bending fatigue experiment was performed at room temperature at stress ratio R = −1. In order to evaluate the notch effect, the fatigue experiment was carried out upon two sets of specimens, smooth and notched, respectively. In the experiment, the rotating bending fatigue life was tested using the group method, and the rotating bending fatigue limit was tested using the staircase method at 1 × 107 cycles. A double weighted least square method was then used to fit the stress-life (S–N) curve. The S–N curves of the two sets of specimens were obtained and the morphologies of the fractures of the two sets of specimens were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the fatigue limit of the smooth specimen for rotating bending fatigue was 615 MPa; the ratio of the fatigue limit to tensile strength was 0.29, and the cracks initiated at the surface of the smooth specimen; while the fatigue limit of the notched specimen for rotating bending fatigue was 363 MPa, and the cracks initiated at the edge of the notch. The fatigue notch sensitivity index of the ultra-high strength maraging steel TM210A was 0.69.

In this paper, pseudo-random sequences are designed as encrypting secret keys by the hyper-chaotic system model. Based on the H.264 coding standard, selecting encryption is designed to encrypt intra-prediction modes, MVD symbols and CAVLC residual coding datum. Experiments show that the encryption algorithm has higher security without changing the structure of code streams.

A WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) node self-locating means which utilized the position information of anchor nodes is proposed in this paper. There are two types of nodes in the objective network of the means. The first type is the anchor node that equipped GPS (Global Position System) unit, their exact position can be gained. The second type is normal node that supports RSS (Received Signal Strength) based ranging. With the help of anchor node, the normal nodes fulfill a low complexity, coarse-grained, RSS ranging based fuzzy logical locating algorithm, to determine their own positions. Theoretical analysis showed that, the proposed means can provide fine location accuracy with a relative low cost and complexity.

The paper analyses the ecological development trend, the challenges for sustainable development and the core concerns of the contemporary CBD, and expatiates the connotation of Green CBD. Based on the ecologic support model, this paper also introduces the methods of design and system of elements of Green CBD and explores the way to achieve sustainable development of CBD in the course of urban plan.

Leukoaraiosis (LA) describes abnormal changes in the cerebral white matter frequently seen on CT and MRI in older adults. Its appearance indicates mild brain injury, and it is often regarded as a mark of senile dementia. Through the analysis of related risk factors of 6000 patients with LA diagnosed by cranial MRI in our department, we found that age, cerebral infarction, lacunar infarction, history of brain hemorrhage, and increased triglycerides were risk factors for LA, and the relative risk odds ratio values were 2.135 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.874-2.501), 3.330 (95% CI = 1.922-3.997), 3.412 (95% CI = 2.986-3.512), 3.611 (95% CI = 2.054-9.147), and 1.457 (95% CI = 1.058-1.769), respectively. Through the identification of the risk factors for LA and effective interventions, the occurrence of dementia, stroke, and premature death may be effectively prevented.

In recent years wireless ad-hoc and sensor network’s applications in disaster have drawn a lot of attention from both research and industry. Therefore, in order to improve the estimations that necessary for useful decision making for disaster personnel; this paper addresses disaster management issues in ad-hoc and WSNs with healthcare and communications viewpoints. We attempt to lift and discuss these issues and get some solutions to them. Accordingly, the theoretical bit error rate (BER) performances of four modes of quadratic-amplitude modulation (QAM) versus phase shift keying (PSK) is obtained, in which QAM performance is better than PSK. Moreover, the simulation results showed the BER performance of 16-mode for the two modulation techniques under AWGN and fading channel. According to the simulation results, we observed that at and in AWGN, the 16-QAM required 4dB less than PSK, but its performance in the fading channel not efficient. Furthermore, the evaluation of performance proves that the using of diversity order enhances the performance in the fading channel more and more.

In this paper, the models of traditional anti-seismic and base-isolated masonry and concrete frame composite structures were created by the three-dimensional finite element program and their time history responses were analyzed under the actions of different seismic waves. The results show that whether they were under the action of frequently occurred earthquake or rarely occurred earthquake, the story shears of base-isolated structure are far less than those of traditional anti-seismic structure; the lateral displacements of the former are nearly translational, while those of the latter are approximately parabolic; and the fundamental period of the former is much longer than the counterpart. In conclusion, the seismic fortification intensity of base-isolated structure is one or two degree less than that of traditional anti-seismic structure, and adopting the base-isolated structure will protect the life-safety and property of people and achieve good economic benefits as well.

Through analyzing the current application of 3S Technology and MIS system, the paper puts forth the idea to establish the MIS system integrity based on 3S technology, and design the general structure model of the integrity system. The disadvantages of the above two systems can be overcome and their advantages can be complemented. The MIS system integrity based on 3S technology can be expected to offer a new thinking way and method for scientific research, governmental administration, and social production.

In this paper, three-Dimensional finite element analysis was used for the research of a base-isolated high-rise building. After studying the effects of different structural systems, action of bidirectional earthquake wave, P-Delta effect and acceleration responses on it, some useful conclusions are given as follows: in the same structural systems, the story shears of the isolated structure are one order of magnitude less than those of the non-isolated structure under the action of the same seismic waves; the story displacements of the isolated high-rise frame-shear structure and those of the isolated high-rise shear wall structure are different under the action of the same seismic waves; under the action of different seismic waves, the earthquake responses of the same structural system are quite different; the effects of bidirectional earthquake waves on some components should be considered; P-Delta effect can be ignored in the base-isolated building; and the acceleration responses of the isolated high-rise building are different from those of the non-isolated counterpart. Results show that the technology of base-isolation can be applied to the high-rise building system.

Kushen (Radix Sophorae Flavescentis) has a long history of use for the treatment of tumors, inflammation and other diseases in traditional Chinese medicine. Compound Kushen Injection (CKI) is a mixture of natural compounds extracted from Kushen and Baituling (Rhizoma Smilacis Glabrae). The main principles of CKI are matrine (MT) and oxymatrine (OMT) that exhibit a variety of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-viral, anti-fibrotic and cardiovascular protective effects. Recent evidence shows that these compounds also produce anti-cancer actions, such as inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest, accelerating apoptosis, restraining angiogenesis, inducing cell differentiation, inhibiting cancer metastasis and invasion, reversing multidrug resistance, and preventing or reducing chemotherapy- and/or radiotherapy-induced toxicity when combined with chemotherapeutic drugs. In this review, we summarize recent progress in studying the anti-cancer activities of MT, OMT and CKI and their potential molecular targets, which provide clues and references for further study.

In December 2001, China was accepted to the World Trade Organization (WTO). Many anticipated that, following China's accession to the WTO, its grain imports would increase rapidly. To mitigate the likely strong shock on Chinese grain producers' income and its grains industry, China was allowed a 'transition period' of a few years. During this transition period, China's grain imports would be managed under a TRQ (tariff-rate quota) arrangement. That is, if the imports are within the quota, a lower in-quota tariff will be charged; otherwise, a much higher out-quota tariff applies. The higher above-quota tariff would discourage imports and thus would provide protection to Chinese farmers and its grains industry. Five years have passed since China became a member of the WTO. Then, what has happened to China's grain trade under the TRQ arrangement? How did China implement the grains TRQ? Were China's TRQ practices in alignment with WTO rules? Such questions have continuously drawn much interest from grain traders and many international observers. Australia, as a major grain exporter, has also paid much attention to looking for answers to such questions. So far, however, little effort has been made to examine China's grain TRQ implementation and management. This study attempts to fill this gap.

In this paper, a new definition of PN sequence - sequence pairs was introduced into the spread spectrum communication system. According to the PN sequence's technical requirements, this paper uses genetic algorithms to search hypo perfect sequence pairs between length 40 and length 50, and some results with better correlation function than Gold sequence are found. It also presents a new sequence pairs spread spectrum communication system, the system's performances are fundamentally studied in a simulated system and make a compare with Gold sequence spread spectrum communication system. The results prove that the performances of sequence pairs spread spectrum communication system are better than Gold sequence spread spectrum communication system in some ways.

The soliton transmission system has great potential for providing high speed and long distance communication. However, the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) of fiber becomes a serious limitation when the bit-rate of systems is over 40 Gbit/s. So it is very urgent to study the influence of PMD on the Soliton communication system. In this paper, we use numerical simulations to calculate the Nonlinear Schrodinger Equations with the PMD effect. In our simulation, we mainly investigate the transmission properties of the Manakov-soliton in optical fibers with PMD at the wavelength of 1550 nm. We discuss the self-trapping effect for a single pulse of Soliton, which can prevent a soliton pulse with PMD from splitting. Then we take the pulse sequences into account, which is more significance in real transmission link, we discuss the timing jitter problem due to the loss of Soliton energy.

The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) negatively affects immune system. It is linked with adverse pregnancy outcomes. These complications may be linked with the infections mediated deficiency of micronutrients in pregnant women. COVID-19 cause’s malabsorption of micronutrients thereby increases the risk of their deficiency. Both micronutrients deficiencies and poor micronutrients intake can compromise immune function and may increase the risk of pregnancy complications associated with COVID-19 infection. Vitamin A, C, D, E, and selected minerals iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) are the micronutrients essential for immuno-competency and play a significant role in the prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Immune function and pregnancy outcomes can be improved by adequate intake of micronutrients in diet or in supplements form. Based on regulatory links between viral infection, micronutrients, immunity, and pregnancy outcomes, this review highlights the role of micronutrients in boosting immunity to reduce or prevent pregnancy complications in COVID-19 infected women.

Technique on measuring discharge current of Blumlein circuit using magnet-light method is described briefly in this paper. The more exact method estimating distributive inductance of discharge circuit is presented. The circuit equations are solved and the analytic expression of distributive inductance is derived. Finally, the calculated result is discussed.