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Ying-Tao Lin,1 Ying Chen,2 Tian-Xiu Liu,3 Fang Kuang,1 Ping Huang1 1Administration Office of Drug Clinical Trial, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Management Office of Science and Technology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Thoracic Radiotherapy, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, 350014, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Ping HuangAdministration Office of Drug Clinical Trial, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 13960908650Fax +86 0591 62752517Email 1967217973@qq.comPurpose: The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of camrelizumab immunotherapy versus docetaxel or irinotecan chemotherapy as second-line therapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which was evaluated in the ESCORT trial.Materials and Methods: A partitioned survival model was developed to reflect the costs and effectiveness of the ESCORT trial. The clinical efficacy data, safety data, and health-related costs and utilities were derived from published data from clinical trials or health administration departments in China. Adverse event-related costs, drug administration, and other expenses were derived from a single center of Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital in 2021. All survival analyses were performed with SPSS software. Overall survival was estimated with the Kaplan–Meier method, and progression-free survival was estimated with the life table method. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the uncertainty of the model. Incremental cost, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) were calculated.Results: Camrelizumab therapy had 0.232 QALYs at an incremental cost of USD$9959.44 compared with the chemotherapy group with 0.158 QALYs at an incremental cost of USD$8601.67. The ICER was USD$18393.12/QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses showed that when the willingness-to-pay threshold reached USD$31200/QALY, which is nearly three times the Chinese gross domestic product per capita, camrelizumab had an 80% possibility of being cost-effective versus docetaxel or irinotecan chemotherapy.Conclusion: Camrelizumab is a cost-effective option compared with docetaxel or irinotecan chemotherapy in patients with advanced ESCC as second-line therapy in China.Keywords: camrelizumab, chemotherapy, cost-effectiveness, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma