1. Patterns and Determinants of Choroidal Thickness in a Multiethnic Asian Population: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study
- Author
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Crystal Chun Yuen Chong, Yasuo Yanagi, Youngseok Song, Gemmy Cheung, Beau J. Fenner, Tien Yin Wong, Ricardo Ong, Anna C S Tan, Ching-Yu Cheng, Kelvin Yi Chong Teo, Kai Xiong Cheong, Janice Marie Jordan-Yu, Kengo Takahashi, Usha Chakravarthy, and Yih Chung Tham
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Percentile ,Eye Diseases ,genetic structures ,Risk Assessment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Ophthalmology ,Epidemiology ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Medicine ,Macular edema ,030304 developmental biology ,Singapore ,0303 health sciences ,Choroid ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Diabetic retinopathy ,Middle Aged ,Macular degeneration ,medicine.disease ,eye diseases ,Axial Length, Eye ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Population Surveillance ,030221 ophthalmology & optometry ,Asian population ,Population study ,Female ,sense organs ,business ,Tomography, Optical Coherence ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Purpose To describe the distribution and determinants of choroidal thickness (CT) in participants in a population study based on spectral-domain (SD)-OCT measurements. Design Population-based, cross-sectional study. Participants Ethnic Chinese, Indian, and Malay adults aged more than 50 years without any retinal diseases (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy) that might affect the CT were recruited from the Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study. Methods Choroidal imaging was performed by SD-OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) in enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode. Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) was measured on the foveal line scan by 2 retinal experts independently (YS and KT), and the average was used in the analyses. In Chinese and Indian cohorts in whom macular raster scans were captured, the manufacturer-supplied research software (Heyex SP-X version 6.4.8.116; Heidelberg Engineering) was used to obtain automated segmentation yielding mean choroidal thickness in each of the 9 ETDRS grid sectors. Main Outcome Measures Subfoveal choroidal thickness and regional CT in the 9 ETDRS grid sectors. Results For the SFCT analysis, 2794 eyes of 1619 participants (Chinese, Indian, and Malay ) were included. The mean age was 60.9 years (standard deviation, 7.7), and 797 (49.2%) were male. Mean SFCT was 255.2 μm (standard deviation, 102.6). The normal range of SFCT was 106 to 447 μm (corresponding to 5th and 95th percentile limits of SFCT, respectively). In multivariable models, thinner SFCT was associated with older age, female gender, longer axial length, and Malay (vs. Chinese) ethnicity. In the subset of Chinese and Indian eyes (n = 1842) in whom regional variation was evaluated, the choroid was thickest at the superior and temporal sectors and thinner at the inferior and nasal sectors. Conclusions Subfoveal choroidal thickness is influenced by age, gender, and ethnicity along with regional differences even within individual eyes. Subfoveal choroidal thickness also shows a wide range in physiologic limits. These data may be used as a reference in future studies.
- Published
- 2021
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