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Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH)1/2 mutations are frequently detected in glioma. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between IDH1/2 mutations and glioma grades. The current study was retrospective and used samples from 206 patients with brain glioma and 9 patients with spinal cord glioma as a control. Patients were diagnosed and graded according to the World Health Organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system. The association of patient age with glioma grade was evaluated, and IDH1/2 mutations were also examined and analyzed in different grades. On average, brain glioma grade tended to increase with increasing patient age; patients with grade IV (primary) gliomas had a significantly higher mean age than those with grades I and II (P more...

This paper presents some results from an experiment of image softproofing under different International Color Consortium (ICC) rendering intents, which will be available for selecting an appropriate rendering intent in printing processes. In a screen softproofing procedure, image is converted via ICC profile embedded in image itself to output device profile, then to proofing device profile. With the rendering intent of absolute colorimetry in the second conversion, the effects of different rendering intents in the first conversion have been investigated through a softproofing software developed in Matlab 7.0. A variety of testing images, including light tone, shadow detail, etc., are used for image softproofing. The color differences between original images and proofed images are calculated under the S-CIE L*a*b* color difference formulae. Comparisons and analyses on the obtained images under four rendering intents show the effects of color characteristics of original images on rendering intent selection. more...

This paper dedicates to developing a unified framework for control structure selection for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) processes. Five basic types of MIMO PID control structure are abstracted including decentralized control, sparse control, and decoupling control with/without decoupling compensator. Based on a novel interaction index calculated via relative normalized gain, loop interactions are evaluated directly from the process transfer function, and then a practical algorithm is given to determine which control structure should be selected. The proposed methodology can be used as a guideline for PID control system design, and it is readily available to industrial practitioners. Simulation results demonstrate its effectiveness. more...

The paper presents a mathematical model and its Matlab/Simulink realization for ball mill coal-pulverizing system (BMCPS). Based on the analysis of mass and energy balance, the physical models for all control-related sub-processes of BMCPS are developed respectively. Then the integrated dynamic mathematic model is constructed with Matlab/Simulink. Validation using the archived data from a power plant shows its good matching for BMCPS dynamics. The simulation model is expected to be useful for the controller design and process optimization of BMCPS in practice. more...

Coal ball mill pulverizing system is a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system characterized with strong couplings and disturbances. In the coal ball mill control system, the three loops possess different dynamics with remarkable lag times. In this paper, we proposed a mixed control scheme based on loop priority (namely the outlet temperature loop, the inlet pressure loop, the pressure difference loop) considering the principle of the safe-stability-quality. The outlet temperature loop employees the feedforward compensation to suppress the interaction from the other two loops; the inlet pressure loop uses the disturbance observer based structure to eliminate internal and external disturbances because the characteristics of the fast response from recycling air flow rate to the inlet pressure is fit to cancel the estimated disturbances; The pressure difference loop controller is designed based on the dominant internal disturbance since it has the lowest priority. The three loop controllers are all in the form of two-degrees-of-freedom PID in order to get a better trade-off between set-point tracking and disturbance rejection. The proposed approach can maintain stable operation of the ball mill, and it is readily available to industrial practitioners and DCS software. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this control strategy. more...

Stable control of a coal-pulverizing system with ball-tube mill usually cannot be hold due to some disturbances, such as coal hardness and steel ball wearing, etc. A hierarchical structure with a direct control layer and a set-point optimization layer is applied to this typical system. Based on steady-state gain models of different operating points, a grid search method is employed to calculate optimal set-point values at the optimization layer, and then a block decoupling multivariable controller is easily implemented at the direct control layer. The proposed structure and strategy are readily available to the industrial field engineers. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this control strategy. more...

The aim of the investigation was to determine the influence of rendering intents on the gamut volume and the visual evaluations in digital proofing. According to that, the corresponding test form was used for the needs of investigation and printed on Epson style pro 7800 with the application of ICC standard rendering intents (perceptual, saturation, relative colorimetric and absolute colorimetric). Based on the results obtained by spectrophotometer measurements, the gamut of the digital proofing was illustrated with the ColorThink software in CIE L*a*b* color space. The analysis in relation to the results of visual evaluations shows the difference influence of the rending intents to digital image quality. more...