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Greening of the railway energy supply chain is an irreversible trend, and photovoltaics (PVs) provide the most suitable type of renewable energy to integrate with railways. The integration of variable and uncertain PV power generation with the dynamic loads on a railway increases the flexibility needed to maintain load-generation balance. A new evolutionary model of a railway energy supply system (RESS) for railway PV integration systems (RPISs) is proposed by constructing a three-in-one “traction-storage-information integrated station” (TSIIS). A flexibility evaluation approach is proposed to estimate the system flexibility of both the individual TSIIS and the banded featured microgrid group through energy storage capacity configuration and dynamic scheduling via a multileader multifollower Stackelberg game. Finally, the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway is taken as an example to calculate the emission reduction and flexibility. The results show that through application of the storage configuration and scheduling strategy to the TSIIS network, the flexibility index of the Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway increased by 8.40%, which promoted a corresponding decrease in carbon dioxide emissions and increase in PV permeability. In addition, with the gradual construction of PV and energy storage systems, an RPIS can basically achieve self-consistent energy utilization, offering environmental benefits and strong flexibility.

Allergic reactions are common reasons for withdrawal of oxcarbazepine treatment in patients with epilepsy. However, some patients are not responsive to other antiseizure medications. Herein, two pediatric patients with epilepsy and allergic to oxcarbazepine to whom oxcarbazepine therapy was successfully reintroduced are described. The reintroduction strategy used in this study was simple, feasible, and suitable for the reintroduction of oxcarbazepine in pediatric patients with epilepsy.

Objectives Polymyxin B is a last-line antibiotic for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections. However, limited safety and pharmacokinetic information is available. We investigated the safety and pharmacokinetics of intravenous polymyxin B in healthy subjects. Methods An open-label, single-dose clinical trial was conducted in healthy Chinese subjects. Polymyxin B (sulphate) was administered intravenously at 0.75 or 1.5 mg/kg (n = 10 per dose, 5 males and 5 females) to examine the safety and pharmacokinetics. Results One female subject in the 1.5-mg/kg group discontinued due to abdominal pain during administration. The most frequently reported adverse events were perioral paraesthesia, dizziness, and numbness of extremities (7/10 subjects in the 0.75-mg/kg group, all subjects in the 1.5-mg/kg group). All neurotoxicity-related events dissipated without treatment within a maximum of 23 h. Notably, abdominal pain (3/5) and vulvar pruritus (2/5), colpitis (2/5) or abnormal uterine bleeding (1/5) were reported in female subjects receiving the 1.5-mg/kg dose. In the 0.75-mg/kg group, the total clearance, volume of distribution and half-life of polymyxin B were 0.028±0.002 L/h/kg, 0.219±0.023 L/kg and 5.44±0.741 h, respectively; similar values were observed in the 1.5-mg/kg group. Urinary recovery was 3.7 ± 1.1% and 8.1 ± 1.3% in the 0.75- and 1.5-mg/kg groups, respectively. Population pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B was consistent with a three-compartment model. The clearance and distribution of the central compartment were 0.027 L/h/kg and 0.071 L/kg, respectively. Conclusions This study is the first to examine the safety and pharmacokinetics of polymyxin B in healthy subjects. Our results highlight that acute toxicity is a dose-limiting factor for intravenous polymyxin B.

The prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in old patients are high, corresponding to a substantial economic burden. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the trends in the topical prescriptional treatment of old patients with DED in six major areas of China. Information on topical drug prescriptions for DED patients aged above 60 years was extracted from the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Program of China database. Trends in yearly prescriptions and cost were analyzed. The data were further stratified by patient age and sex, drug class, and specific drug. A total of 130,734 prescriptions from 52 hospitals located in six major areas of China were analyzed. The number of prescripptions per year for patients with DED increased from 13,308 in 2013 to 22,074 in 2019, with a corresponding increase in cost of all topical drugs from 1,490,014 Chinese Yuan (CNY) to 2,618,206 CNY. Drugs for the treatment of DED accounted for the largest proportion of the total cost in each year. Ocular lubricants were the main pharmacotherapy agent. Sodium hyaluronate use increased over time, and the drug was used by 65.9% of patients by the end of the study. Pranoprofen was the second most frequently used drug. The most frequently used drugs for co-incident disease were antimicrobials. Treatment patterns for DED haven’t changed, and the most frequently used drug combination was sodium hyaluronate and pranoprofen. In summary, prescription for old patients with DED and the cost of treatment are increasing. Ocular lubricants are the main treatment option, while sodium hyaluronate is the most frequently used drug. The observed trends can lead to more efficient allocation of health care resources in China.

Topical anti-infectives are important in the management of ocular infections, but little is known about their current status and trends in their use in China. Thus, we carried out a prescription-based, cross-sectional study using the database of Hospital Prescription Analysis Projection of China, and aimed to analyze the trend in the use of ocular topical anti-infectives for outpatients of the ophthalmology department from 2013 to 2019. A total of 2,341,719 prescriptions from 61 hospitals located in six major areas written by ophthalmologists for outpatients were identified, and 1,002,254 of the prescriptions contained at least one anti-infective. The yearly anti-infective prescriptions increased continuously from 126,828 prescriptions in 2013 to 163,434 prescriptions in 2019. The cost also increased from 4,503,711 Chinese Yuan (CNY) in 2013 to CNY 5,860,945 in 2019. However, the use rate of anti-infectives decreased slightly from 46.5% in 2013 to 41.1% in 2019. Patients aged between 19 and 45 years old had the highest anti-infective use rate. Levofloxacin was the most frequently used anti-infective and kept on increasing among all age groups, occupying 67.1% of the total cost at the end of the study. Tobramycin was more frequently used in pediatric patients than in adults, but the use still decreased. Ganciclovir was the preferred anti-viral drug over acyclovir. In conclusion, the prescriptions and cost of ocular topical anti-infectives for outpatients both increased progressively. The increasingly widespread use of levofloxacin raised concerns regarding safety in pediatrics and resistance development. The observed trends can lead to the more efficient management of ocular anti-topical anti-infectives in China.

Alzheimer’s disease is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that requires pharmacological intervention. We conducted a descriptive study using pharmacy prescription data of antidementia drugs. Prescription information of 99 541 patients was obtained from 55 hospitals. Overall the number of Alzhei

As the most favored high-quality biopolymer, silk fiber is widely used in the textile and medical industries owing to its impressive mechanical properties, wear comfort properties, and biocompatibility. However, its photoinstability, chemical instability, and thermal instability seriously hinder its utilization in luxurious fashionable apparels. Therefore, we herein report the preparation of an ultrathin and uniform TiO2-Al2O3 cloth with a thickness of just six in a thousand of fiber on silkworm silk fiber via atomic layer deposition. In this ultrathin composite cloth, the outer TiO2 layer acts as a sacrificial ultraviolet (UV) absorbent to dissipate large amounts of UV energy. Free radicals and electrons generated by the TiO2 layer are effectively blocked outside the surface of the bulk silk fiber by the inner insulating Al2O3 layer. The excellent UV-resistance of the modified silk fiber was confirmed by a lack of fade in the silk fabric after exposure to UV light for 60 min (equal to continuous exposure to strong sunlight for 3285 days). Compared with silk fiber, the tenacity of the prepared SF-200Al2O3-800TiO2 increased by 18.9% even after sunlight exposure. In addition, both the chemical and thermal stabilities of the modified silk fiber were improved. This technology is expected to have potential applications in various fields, such as high-end fabric development and smart materials, and will further guide material design for future innovations in functional fibers and devices.

Dysautonomia is common in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) since disease early phase. Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's disease – Autonomic (SCOPA-AUT) is a well-designed scale assessing the autonomic dysfunctions of PD patients. Our objectives were to examine the autonomic dysfunction in PD and scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit (SWEDD) patients and to assess the correlation of autonomic dysfunctions with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers. An analysis of the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) data including 414 PD patients, 60 SWEDD patients, and 170 healthy controls (HCs) with baseline CSF biomarker measurements and SCOPA-AUT assessments was presented. Autonomic symptoms including gastrointestinal, urinary, cardiovascular, pupillomotor, thermoregulatory and sexual dysfunctions were assessed by SCOPA-AUT scales. Spearman correlation test was used to examine the correlations between CSF measurements and each section of SCOPA-AUT scales in HCs and subjects with PD or SWEDD. More severe autonomic dysfunctions were observed in patients with SWEDD than those with PD (P

According to the International Energy Agency (IEA)’s forecast, China will fully electrify its railway system by 2050. However, the development of electrified railways is limited in the weak areas of China’s power grid. To surpass these limitations, we turn our attention to new railway energy sources, among which the most suitable is photovoltaic power generation. To evaluate the feasibility of integrating railway systems and photovoltaic power generation in China, this paper analyzes the geographical conditions and railway layout of China, gives a potential method for evaluating railway asset energy transformation measures and asset energy transformations that are suitable for China’s national conditions, and proposes an application of railway system energy transformation on this basis. Then, this method is used to evaluate the potential of a substation section of the Lanxin high-speed railway in China for reference. The results show that the green energy potential and scheduling potential of China’s railway assets are great and can effectively alleviate the energy anxiety of China’s railway system.

The objective of this study was to investigate the current status and trends in antidepressant use and expenditure in China from 2013 to 2018. The study had a retrospective design based on prescribing data on antidepressant drugs, which was sourced from the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Project. The trends in hospital visits and corresponding expenditure on antidepressant drugs were examined. Subgroup analyses were carried out by sex, age, and drug class. A total of 1,795,230 outpatient prescriptions were collected from 79 hospitals in six major cities in China. Hospital visits with antidepressant prescriptions rose significantly from 244,626 in 2013 to 348,718 in 2018, reflecting a 42.6% increase (P < 0.05). The antidepressant expenditure also rose, increasing from 48.0 million Chinese yuan in 2013 to 64.8 million Chinese yuan in 2018. There were approximately 1.6 times more antidepressant prescriptions written for women than for men. The most frequent age category for antidepressant prescriptions was 45–64 years. The most commonly prescribed antidepressants were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (N06AB) and other antidepressants (N06AX), whereas tricyclic antidepressants (N06AA) accounted for only a small part of the total antidepressant prescriptions. Flupentixol/melitracen and escitalopram were the most frequently prescribed antidepressants. Antidepressant prescribing rates continue to increase in China, although the prescribing patterns have changed over the past few years. The wide use of expensive antidepressants and those with weak clinical evidence raises concerns regarding the rational use of antidepressants. This study provides a basis for future stewardship by the government and medical institutions.

Background: A robust and rapid method for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is urgently needed for polymyxin B, which is a last-line antibiotic for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria infection. Methodology: A 3-min run of LC–MS/MS method was established to determine the main components of polymyxin B (polymyxin B1 and B2) in human plasma or urine. Solid-phase extraction was employed to eliminate the matrix effect from complicated samples from patients. Results: The calibration range was 0.050–5.00 and 0.0110–0.549 μg/ml for polymyxin B1 and B2, respectively, in plasma and urine. The precision and accuracy of quality controls, matrix effect, extraction recovery and stability were all validated and satisfied with the ICH requirements. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in healthy subjects and TDM in patients. Conclusion: The rapid LC–MS/MS method was validated for polymyxin B in plasma and urine, and robust for TDM.

Background The introduction of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs) has changed the landscape of preventing thromboembolism events in many countries. However, the prescription trends of oral anticoagulant (OAC) in China are still unclear, which were evaluated in this study through data extracted and summarized from 5 major cities as representatives. Methods This study was designed as a time-series study which was based on pharmacy prescription data. Analysis was performed on yearly aggregated visits and expenditure. The results were also stratified by indications and specialties. Results A total of 189,006 prescriptions of 67 hospitals in 6 years were included in the study. The average growth rates of overall visit and expenditure of OAC were 15.8 and 57.5%, respectively. The share of warfarin decreased and NOACs had taken 92% of cost, covering 28% of patients in 2017. The more frequently used NOACs were rivaroxaban and dabigatran. The use of OAC was differed by indication and specialty. Conclusion The use of NOACs was found increasing rapidly in both visits and cost, sharing a majority of cost with a minority of patients. Attentions should be paid on the rational use of NOACs.

Objective To evaluate the prescribing trends of glaucoma drugs in six major cities of China from 2013 to 2017. Methods A descriptive analysis using pharmacy prescription data was conducted. Outpatient prescription data was extracted from the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Project. Prescribing patterns, trends of visits, and corresponding expenditures for glaucoma medications were analyzed. Results A total of 84297 ambulatory prescriptions were included in the current study. Visits by glaucoma patients increased from 13808 in 2013 to 20060 in 2017. Over the same period, the yearly expenditure for glaucoma drugs increased from 2.33 million to 3.95 million Chinese Yuan (CNY). Among all the six classes of glaucoma drugs (prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α-receptor agonists, β-receptor antagonists, cholinergic agonists and fixed combinations), β-receptor antagonists were the most commonly prescribed in 2013, accounting for 34.3% of patients, but gradually decreased to 27.1% in 2017. Prostaglandin analogues became the most frequently prescribed drugs in 2017, accounting for 30.2% of the visits. Prostaglandin analogues are the most expensive and yielded a total expenditure of 2.34 million CNY in 2017, followed by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α-receptor agonists, β-receptor antagonists, fixed combinations, and cholinergic agonists. Combination therapy became increasingly prescribed in 2017. Conclusion Glaucoma prescribing practices exhibited substantial changes over the study period. The number of glaucoma prescriptions continuously increased from 2013 to 2017, leading to increased prescription costs. These findings implied a similar trend observed in previous studies, as well as recommendations in the appropriate guidelines.

Accurate early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease is essential. Using data available from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative study, we identified a multivariate logistic regression model including cerebrospinal fluid α‐synuclein, olfactory function, age, and gender that achieved a high degree of discrimination between patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy control or scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit participants. Additionally, the model could predict the conversion of scan without evidence of dopaminergic deficit to Parkinson's disease, as well as discriminate between normal and impaired subjects with leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 mutations. Although further validation is needed, this model may serve as an alternative method to neuroimaging screening in Parkinson's disease studies.

Haematologic side effects associated with piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ) treatment are rare but can be fatal. The exact mechanism by which PTZ causes haemorrhages has not been determined. We report the case of a patient who received PTZ treatment and developed a coagulopathy through a vitamin K-dependent mechanism. A 70-year-old female patient was admitted to the intensive care unit because she had a severe case of pneumonia and a pulmonary thromboembolism. Empirical antibiotic treatment using PTZ was started. Her international normalised ratio (INR) was already increased and became elevated again when PTZ was restarted. Her coagulopathy was reversed by supplementation with vitamin K. We conclude that PTZ can induce coagulopathy through a vitamin K-dependent mechanism and, to our knowledge, this is the first case report to suggest that mechanism. We suggest that patients at risk for a vitamin K deficiency should be monitored for coagulopathy when piperacillin or any other board spectrum antibiotic is administered.

Background: Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is a common eye disease and can result in permanent decrease or loss of vision. Houttuynia eye drops (HED) is used for the treatment of VKC. However, the clinical evidence of HED has not been well concluded. Herein, we described a proposed systemic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the clinical efficacy of HED for the treatment of VKC. Methods: Six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, the Cochrane database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and Chinese Biology and Medicine database) will be searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluating the clinical efficacy of HED for the treatment of VKC. Studies meet the eligibility criteria will be included. Data of the included studies will be extracted and the quality will also be evaluated. Data synthesis will be performed using RevMan software. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias will also be investigated. Results: This study will provide high-quality systemic review and synthesis of RCTs on efficacy of HED for the treatment of VKC. Conclusion: This systemic review and meta-analysis will conclude the efficacy of HED for the treatment of VKC. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42019124737

IntroductionProlonged infusion with β-lactam antibiotics should theoretically produce a better clinical efficacy than intermittent infusion in severe infection and infection caused by non-susceptible micro-organisms. The efficacy of prolonged infusion in severe infection has been well illustrated recently, but is still confusing in non-susceptible microbial infection. The objective of this meta-analysis is to determine the clinical effects of prolonged infusion with β-lactams for patients infected by microbes non-susceptible to the given drug.Methods and analysisLiterature searches will be performed with Medline, the Cochrane database, EMBASE database, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature database, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang database. Two reviewers will screen and select studies according to a priori defined eligibility criteria, and then the data from the included studies will be extracted. The quality will be evaluated based on a modified Jadad score and the Newcastle-Ottawa system for randomised controlled trials and observational studies, respectively. Data synthesis will be performed with Review Manager 5.3 software. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias will also be investigated.Ethics and disseminationNo ethics approval is required. The full article will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at international conferences.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018105111.

Poverty alleviation of micro-finance, ability and social security. It tends to be partitioned into four kinds, including market-based and the administration network association. Micro-credit, to lift the poor out of poverty, is an effective poverty reduction strategy. In previous research, financial services, lack of shows that are not available to anyone, and understand their need for several reasons (financial illiteracy), unfavorable regulatory environment, the stiffness It is a product structure and may be on it. Reduce poverty, some of the reform measures aimed at promoting financial inclusion have government and has been tried its development partners in the modern. Neediness decrease procedures, miniature account, capacity and government-backed retirement can be separated into four kinds: market-based and regularly the predominant network associations. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), given the associated Configurable Logic Blocks (CLB), grid by programmable interconnect is a semiconductor gadget. FPGA is especially useful for creating an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or a processor prototype. ASIC or processor design can be reprogrammed to an FPGA until no defects final, the actual production of the final ASIC starts. Intel itself is using an FPGA to create a new chip prototype. Micro-credit, to lift the poor out of poverty, is an effective poverty reduction strategy. Mitigation role of micro-finance: This study aims to explore the impact of the financial inclusion of poverty reduction. Data collection technology to be used is a self-filling questionnaire.

In order to realize real-time detection for bridge cracks by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), a deep learning model named YOLOv4-FPM is proposed on the basis of the YOLOv4 model. In YOLOv4-FPM, focal loss is used to optimize the loss function, which improves the accuracy and overcomes the challenges of complex background. Pruning algorithm is used to simplify the network and accelerate the detection speed. The multi-scale dataset is used to expand the predictable range of YOLOv4-FPM and enhance its scale robustness. The experimental results show that the mean average precision (mAP) of YOLOv4-FPM is 0.976, which is 0.064 higher than YOLOv4. The size and parameters of the model are reduced to 18.2%, and the model processes in real-time (119FPS) images at 1000 × 1000 pixels, which is 20 times faster than in a recent work. Moreover, it can effectively detect cracks in images of different sizes.

Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of the use and prescribing patterns of anti-seizure medications (ASMs) over a six-year period, and to provide real-world evidence on medicine utilization of pediatric patients with epilepsy in China. Methods ASM prescriptions for pediatric patients written from 2013 to 2018 were extracted from the database of the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Project. Trends of ASM use were analyzed by total prescriptions, cost, age, sex, ASM class and specific ASM. Prescribing patterns of ASMs were also analyzed. Results A total of 44,675 ASM prescriptions were extracted for analysis in this study. Throughout the study period, a slight increase of ASM prescriptions was observed from 6170 in 2013 to 8211 in 2018. Children aged between 6 and 18 years, accounted for 78 % of total prescriptions every year. ASM use in boys was about 1.5 times higher than that in girls. Newer ASMs were prescribed more than older ASMs during this period. Sodium valproate was the most frequently prescribed ASM in 2013, and its use decreased in girls in 2016. Levetiracetam increased from 19.10 % in 2013 to 28.09 % in 2018 and became the most common ASM at the end of this study. Meanwhile, the use of oxcarbazepine increased from 19.31 % to 22.04 %, whereas the use of lamotrigine had declined from 18.43 % to 10.72 %. Monotherapy (66.24 %) was more frequently used than combined therapy, which included dual combination (25.80 %) and triple or more combinations (7.96 %). Conclusion There is an increased ASM prescription trend in childhood usage. Levetiracetam has replaced sodium valproate as the most frequently prescribed ASM in pediatric patients. Newer ASMs with fewer side effects and drug interactions are increasingly utilized, which is consistent with evolving recommendations by the medical community.

To evaluate the prescribing trends of glaucoma drugs in six major cities of China from 2013 to 2017.A descriptive analysis using pharmacy prescription data was conducted. Outpatient prescription data was extracted from the Hospital Prescription Analysis Cooperative Project. Prescribing patterns, trends of visits, and corresponding expenditures for glaucoma medications were analyzed.A total of 84297 ambulatory prescriptions were included in the current study. Visits by glaucoma patients increased from 13808 in 2013 to 20060 in 2017. Over the same period, the yearly expenditure for glaucoma drugs increased from 2.33 million to 3.95 million Chinese Yuan (CNY). Among all the six classes of glaucoma drugs (prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α-receptor agonists, β-receptor antagonists, cholinergic agonists and fixed combinations), β-receptor antagonists were the most commonly prescribed in 2013, accounting for 34.3% of patients, but gradually decreased to 27.1% in 2017. Prostaglandin analogues became the most frequently prescribed drugs in 2017, accounting for 30.2% of the visits. Prostaglandin analogues are the most expensive and yielded a total expenditure of 2.34 million CNY in 2017, followed by carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α-receptor agonists, β-receptor antagonists, fixed combinations, and cholinergic agonists. Combination therapy became increasingly prescribed in 2017.Glaucoma prescribing practices exhibited substantial changes over the study period. The number of glaucoma prescriptions continuously increased from 2013 to 2017, leading to increased prescription costs. These findings implied a similar trend observed in previous studies, as well as recommendations in the appropriate guidelines.

Background Meropenem exhibits time-dependent antimicrobial activity and prolonged infusion (PI) (extended infusion or continuous infusion, EI or CI) of meropenem can better achieve pharmacodynamics target when comparing with intermittent bolus (IB). However, the clinical outcomes between two groups remain inconclusive. Objective To evaluate current published literatures by meta-analysis to ascertain whether PI of meropenem can improve clinical outcomes. Methods Medline, Cochrane database and EMBASE were searched. Randomized control trails (RCT) and observational studies which compared the clinical outcomes of PI and IB groups were included and evaluated for quality. The data of studies were extracted and meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.3 software. Results Six RCTs and 4 observation studies with relatively high quality were included in this analysis. Compared to IB group, PI group had a higher clinical success rate (odd ratio 2.10, 95% confidence interval 1.31–3.38) and a lower mortality (risk ratio 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.50–0.88). The sensitivity analysis showed the results were stable. Conclusion PI of meropenem was associated with a higher clinical improvement rate and a lower mortality. It is recommended for patients with severe infection or infected by less sensitive microbial.

Security issues are one of the biggest obstacles to widespread adoption of cloud computing. We conducted a descriptive literature review on cloud computing security research that was published between 2006 to February 2017. A total of 74 papers were selected from 13 top IS journals, 2 top electronic commerce journals, 5 top management journals, 9 CNAIS (China Association for Information Systems) Level A journals, 2 premiers IS conference proceedings and Computers & Security for our analysis. We analyzed the articles based on year of publication, publication outlets, keywords, research perspectives, and data sources. For this, basic statistics analysis and visualization analysis were adopted. The results show that although current research provides useful information on cloud computing security and facilitates the accumulation of cloud computing security knowledge, there are still some deficiencies.

Background Crohn disease (CD) is associated with substantial healthcare related costs and impairment of quality of life. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) is proved to be effective for CD in animal and human. However, there is no systemic review and meta-analysis regarding the clinical efficacy and safety of TwHF preparation for the treatment of CD. Methods Six electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database and Chongqing VIP Database) will be searched for eligibility studies. Data from the included studies will be extracted and the quality of studies will be assessed. Data synthesis will be performed using Review Manager software. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment will also be carried out. Results This systemic review and meta-analysis will provide synthesized result of clinical efficacy and safety of TwHF preparation for the treatment of CD. Conclusion This research will determine the clinical efficacy and safety of TwHF preparation for the treatment of CD.Registration: PROSPERO CRD42019127893.

Background Acute cerebral infarction (ACI) is one of the most commonly seen cerebral vascular disease and the current therapy options are not satisfied. Ginkgo leaf extract and dipyridamole injection (GDI) is widely used as adjuvant therapy for ACI. However, there is no systemic review and meta-analysis published regarding the efficacy and safety of GDI. Herein, we describe the protocol of a proposed study aims to systemically evaluate the efficacy and safety of GDI in ACI patients. Methods Five electronic databases (Medline, EMBase, Cochrane database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang database) will be searched up to February 28, 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meet the eligibility criteria will be identified and included. Data synthesis will be run using RevMan software after the data extraction and risk of bias assessment of included studies. The primary outcomes of this study are effective rate and adverse event rate. Results This study will provide a high-quality synthesis of RCTs on the efficacy and safety of GDI as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of ACI. Conclusion This systemic review and meta-analysis will provide high quality evidence to evaluate GDI as adjuvant therapy in patients with ACI.Registration: PEROSPERO CRD42018107112.

Cooperative caching is an important technique used in mobile P2P networks to improve the data availability. However, the characteristics of mobile P2P networks, such as high dynamic nodes, limited node capacities, unstable communication environment, have bring huge technical challenges to implement coorperative caching. This survey outlines different studies done on cooperative caching in mobile P2P networks. We first generalize the research contents of cooperative caching in mobile P2P networks. Then, we introduce each research contents respectively including their basic ideas, their benefits and possible drawbacks. Finally, we discuss the future development directions of cooperative caching for mobile P2P networks.

Bi0.5Sb1. 5Te3 thin films were deposited on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method at room temperature. Annealing effect on properties of the films was studied by structural, morphology and physical characterizations. It was found that the as-grown amorphous film crystallizes at annealing temperature of 473 K. A semiconductor-metal transition was observed in annealed films. A linear magnetoresistance (MR) was investigated in the annealed films in a magnetic field up to 13 T without saturation at low temperature.

A general method is proposed to extract frequency dependent RLGC model from simulated S-parameters for multi-conductor transmission line structures with periodic three-dimensional geometries. It is demonstrated to be robust for both short and long structures and various geometries, and highly efficient for structures with a large number of lines. The method has been tested for transmission line systems with up to 100 lines, which has not been seen in literature. A mode tracking technique is employed to obtain the unique solution for the propagation constant matrix. Equivalent lumped circuit networks are used to ensure extraction accuracy at low frequencies down to DC and provide seamless transition to the general formulation as frequency increases. The Kramers-Kronig relation is applied for causality enforcement and extraction of inductance and capacitance values at infinite frequency.

Mobility, resource constraints and unreliable wireless links of mobile P2P networks will cause high data access latency and the communication overhead. Cooperative caching is widely seen as an effective solution to improve the overall system performance in mobile P2P networks. In this paper we present a novel cooperative caching scheme for mobile P2P networks. In our scheme the caching space of each node is divided into three parts: locale caching, cooperative caching and path caching, which respectively store the requested data objects of the nodes, the hot data objects in the networks and the data objects path. We also put forward the cache replacement strategy according to our scheme. Proposed cache replacement strategy not only takes into account the need of the nodes, but also pays attention to collaborative work between nodes. We evaluate the performance of our scheme by using NS-2. The experimental results show that the cache hit ratio is effectively increased and the average hops count is reduced.

Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is a multi-hops wireless network without fixed infrastructure. Now how to evaluate network survivability performance is the key work of the research of MNAET. According to the requirement of the survivability of MANET, a more comprehensive hierarchical model for quantitative evaluation of survivability is proposed. The model was constructed based on continuous time Markov chain and M/M/1/K queue theory, which could analysis the steady-state availability and transient packet loss rate, delay of the network in the case of fault. Analysis and simulation results show that this quantitative modeling and analysis are rational and useful evaluation approach to MANET survivability performance and the model could be applied in quantitative analysis of MANET survivability.

The effects of geometric asymmetry on the electrical performance of multi-channel differential signaling in printed circuit boards are investigated in this paper. The asymmetry, which is the origin of noise coupled through mode conversion, is difficult to control in real channel structures, where a large number of vias and traces are populated. Supported by an efficient parametric simulation tool, this paper presents the effects of the asymmetry on mode conversion and differential mode crosstalk in real multi-channel structures. This extensive parametric study was used to define design guidelines to suppress this noise coupling by adding ground vias in strategic locations.

A >;30V high speed, low resolution and low cost arbitrary waveform generator has been prototyped. It uses FPGA transceivers and resistive weighting networks and broadband power amplification. The sampling rate of this arbitrary waveform generator is 6.25 Gsps, allowing rise times down to 130 ps. As 4 transceiver channels are used a 4 bit resolution is achieved. The generator is combined with a wide band (20MHz - 6 GHz) power amplifier allowing >; 20V at 50-Ohm load. The intended application is IC immunity testing. Here different waveforms and exact timing is needed. Using different FPGAs the concept can be extended to higher resolution and faster sampling rates. The project was completed in a 400 level RF design class during only one semester.

Anycast is one of three forms of service in the future. The definition, function and type of anycast service are introduced. Based on the analysis of previous research method and their shortcomings about application-layer anycast and network-layer anycast, it’s proposed anycast service in a new architecture framework, and given the latest research progress of anycast in the new framework.

Accurate modeling of chip and chip-package is critical for EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) and RFI (RF Interference) analysis and prediction. In this paper, a model based on an array of dipoles from near-field measurement is proposed. A simple active circuit is simulated in a 3-D full-wave simulation tool, and the dipole model is calculated from the near-field data in the simulation using inverse method with regularization technique. This model has clear physical meaning, and it is validated using field at other place.

The power distribution network in a printed circuit board (PCB) is an effective path for high-speed digital noise. The noise can be coupled by overlapping power/ground areas or by vias passing through them. This paper details a modeling approach and applies it to a multilayer PCB with six power/ground planes. The multilayer power/ground plane structure is modeled using the cavity model combined with segmentation method, and the vias are modeled using a via-plate capacitance model. This model requires considerably less time, and the results closely match those of full-wave simulations.

This paper describes the application of the FSV to measured propagation data. A mobile-to-mobile measurements program is currently being conducted by our colleagues at the Institute for Telecommunication Sciences under the sponsorship of the Office of Spectrum Measurement. Two different measurement systems are being used to collect mobile-to-mobile data in a number of selected outdoor environments. One system uses a wideband time-domain channel sounder that uses pseudo-random noise sequences to generate channel impulse responses. The other system transmits a narrowband CW signal, and it is received by a spectrum analyzer. This paper explores the possibility of using FSV to quantify how well data obtained from these measurement systems compare.

This research focuses on nonlinear behaviors of Internet traffic the on the model of scale-free networks. Attractiveness parameter, which denotes the index with great influence on the behaviors and performance of system, is considered. It is shown that traffic exhibits the phase transition, scaling and 1/f-type in the power spectrum when the load of network increases, further, the nonlinear behaviors become more apparent with the attractiveness parameter growing . By using the maximal Lyapunov exponent analysis, we find that the traffic behaviors exhibits nontrivial chaos property when traffic load is approach to the critical point, which indicates more efficiency promoted, there are more unpredictability behaviors of network tend to appear on.

A considerable amount of research has been carried out on studying the phase transition phenomenon in the complex network, however, the effective quantitative characterization has yet to be developed. The paper provides some analytical results for description on the behaviors of traffic flow in the mode of complex. Results indicate that the traffic exhibits nontrivial the phase transition behaviors that the total number, the average delay of packets and throughput of system distinctly fluctuates when the flow load is closed to the critical point. Analytical results accord well with the previous conclusions by means of simulation.

The power distribution network in a printed circuit board (PCB) inside a compact-size enclosure is an effective path for high-speed digital noise to be coupled to the RF receivers inside the same enclosure, causing RF interference (RFI) issues. This noise coupling mechanism from PCB to shielding enclosure is investigated in this paper using the cavity model and the segmentation technique. In this approach, the structure of an enclosure with a PCB inside is divided into cavities with both horizontal and vertical connections. Modeling result agrees well with full wave simulations, and the simulation time is considerably reduced. Furthermore, the relationship among the noise coupling, the PCB-related resonances, and the enclosure-related resonances is studied as well.

A hybrid method is proposed for radio frequency interference (RFI) prediction of a metal enclosure with an aperture on the top wall. The structure is divided into several segments. While the fields in rectangular segments are described by cavity model, the segments with apertures are modeled by the commercial finite element solver (HFSS). Tangential field continuities along the common boundaries of different segments are enforced by the voltages and currents of boundary ports. Good agreement has been achieved between the hybrid method and full wave simulation.

Some security protocols or mechanisms have been designed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, an intrusion detection system (IDS) should always be deployed on security critical applications to defense in depth. Due to the resource constraints, the intrusion detection system for traditional network cannot be used directly in WSNs. Several schemes have been proposed to detect intrusions in wireless sensor networks. But most of them aim on some specific attacks (e.g. selective forwarding) or attacks on particular layers, such as media access layer or routing layer. In this paper, we present a framework of machine learning based intrusion detection system for wireless sensor networks. Our system will not be limited on particular attacks, while machine learning algorithm helps to build detection model from training data automatically, which will save human labor from writing signature of attacks or specifying the normal behavior of a sensor node.

This paper presents a novel 3D surface texture classification method based on self-similarity maps which are calculated directly from raw captured texture images. 3D surface textures have special properties for they are sensitive to illumination and view conditions. Some previous classification methods which are illumination invariant or rotation invariant have shown to be effective to this particularity, but most of them are model-based. We introduce a new approach to classify 3D surface texture image sets by automatically extracted self-similarity maps. Feature vectors are then generated from responses to a filter bank of the self-similarity maps. Classification is achieved by comparing the L2 distance between training and testing feature vectors. The experiment results show our approach achieves an accuracy of 95%.