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Manicurists are exposed to various chemicals in nail and skin care products and may develop ocular, nasal, respiratory or skin adverse reactions to them. To investigate the occurrence of ocular, nasal, respiratory and skin problems among manicurists and to identify their causal factors, particularly allergic etiology and occupational origin. Manicurists employed in beauty salons in the central region of Poland were invited to fill in the questionnaire and undergo medical examination, skin prick tests with common aeroallergens, patch tests with European Baseline Series and (Meth)Acrylates Series-Nails and spirometry. In the questionnaire adverse nasal symptoms were reported by 70%, ocular - by 58%, respiratory - by 42%, hand eczema - by 43% of manicurists. In the medical interview, the frequency of those complaints was lower: nasal ones - 41%, ocular - 24%, cough - 18%, hand skin dryness - 20%, hand eczema - 6%. Cough and hand skin dryness occurred significantly more frequently than in the case of controls. Contact allergy was found for 41% of manicurists and 35% of controls. The prevalence of nickel sensitization was high in both groups (38% and 27%, respectively). Only 3 manicurists reacted to (meth)acrylates. The frequency of atopic diseases was similar in compared groups. Irritant nasal and respiratory reactions were significantly more prevalent among manicurists (nasal - 18% vs. 2%, p < 0.01; respiratory - 18% vs. 1%, p < 0.001). Work-related nasal irritant reactions were finally diagnosed for 19%, ocular ones - for 13%, respiratory - for 18% and within hand skin - for 23% of manicurists. The frequency of workattributed irritant mucosal and skin symptoms among manicurists is high. Exposure to acrylates is an important source of mucosal irritant reactions while occlusive gloves cause irritation of hand skin. The prevalence of nickel allergy among Polish females is high. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(6):887-896. Funding: financial support for this work was obtained from local statutory funds IMP 11.2 entitled “Skin and respiratory diseases in employees of beauty salons – the type and prevalence of lesions, diagnosis, predisposition, prevention” from Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland. Grant/Project manager: Prof. Marta Kieć-Świerczyńska, M.D., Ph.D.

Acrylate monomers have a wide range of applications. Since the 1950s, many reports of occupational origin allergic contact dermatitis due to (meth)acrylate monomers have been published. During last decades, (meth)acrylate allergy has undergone an occupational shift from dentistry toward beauty industry and medical devices. The aim of the study was to conduct a literature review on acrylates as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis, current sources of exposure as well as identification of professional groups with an increased risk of this allergy and methods of effective prevention. Database review: Medline search (PubMed), Wiley Online Library and Web of Science base in years 1956–2019 using the following keywords: acrylates, manicurists, dentists, dental technicians, medical devices, occupational exposure, and allergic contact dermatitis. 204 346 articles containing the term ‘acrylates‘ have been found. They include 2 042‬ articles with the word ‘manicurists’, 169 919 – ‘dentists’, 218 236 – ‘dental technicians’, 2 427 418 – ‘medical devices’. Fifty-nine articles were chosen based on analysis of abstracts and full texts. In the past allergy to acrylates was mainly of occupational origin and dental technicians were the most often affected professional group. Since the long-lasting manicure has become popular, this problem concerns both manicurists and their customers. Moreover, the new significant trend is non-occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by medical devices especially dedicated to diabetes patients.

A manicure is a kind of cosmetic beauty treatment for the fingernails performed at home or in a nail salon. It is becoming an emerging industry and getting prosperous in the beauty industry. Females choose their favorite manicure patterns or designs to go with their dresses, skins, and accessories. However, some of ingredients of manicure materials contain toxic solvents, such as, phthalates and methyl alcohol. Those solvents can be harmful for human bodies in case that the consumers frequently use them. Hence, in order to help manicurists in this emerging industry understand the serious issue regarding how dangerous they are and avoid those harmful toxics by adopting other health-harmless nail painting materials, the researcher in this study will firstly introduce the service items and application techniques of manicure. Then, about the critical issues regarding the uses and problems of painting materials would be addressed. Finally, in the last chapter, we talk about some alternative materials (e.g., epoxy resin) and the features and advantages of those new manicure materials will be discussed.

In recent years occupational skin and respiratory diseases have been more and more frequently diagnosed in small production and service enterprises. The awareness of occupational exposure and its possible health effects among their workers and employers is not sufficient. Beauty salons, in addition to hairdressers and beauticians, frequently employ manicurists and pedicurists. The workers often happen to perform various activities interchangeably. The health status of beauty salons workers has rarely been assessed. The most numerous reports concern hairdressers. In this occupational group, the occurrence of skin lesions induced by wet work and frequent allergy to metals, hair dyes and bleaches and perm solutions has been emphasized, while information about health hazards for being a manicurist or pedicurist in beauty salons is seldom reported. The aim of this paper is to present professional activities (manicure and pedicure, methods of nail stylization), occupational exposure and literature data on work-related adverse health effects in manicurists and pedicurists. Wet work and exposure to solvents, fragrances, resins, metals, gum, detergents may cause skin disorders (contact dermatitis, urticaria, angioedema, photodermatoses), conjunctivitis, anaphylaxis, respiratory tract diseases, including asthma. The discussed occupations are also associated with the increased incidence of bacterial (particularly purulent), viral and fungal infections and cancer. Med Pr 2013;64(4):579–591

Objective: to evaluate the knowledge and practices of instrument processing by manicurists/pedicurists in beauty salons in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Method: This was a survey-type cross-sectional research with manicurists/pedicurists, between June 2012 and March 2013 in 235 beauty salons in Brazil. The answers were categorized using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, by means of descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-Squared or Fisher’s exact tests, and multivariate binary logistic regression, to analyze the influence of sociodemographic variables. Results: The majority (68.1%) correctly defined sterilization; however, the adherence to moist heat (autoclave) was low (35.3%). The temperature and the exposure time to sterilization methods varied, with the majority (44.7%) citing a minimum of 200°C for 60 to 90 minutes (32.8%). The respondents reported reusing disposable instruments with their customers, but pointed out individual use of instruments as the correct procedure (90.6%). Conclusion: Despite their knowledge, professionals practice was inappropriate regarding instrument processing, which can place their own health and that of their customers at risk. Título PT: Processamento de instrumentos: conhecimento e prática entre manicures/pedicuresObjetivo: Avaliar os conhecimentos e práticas de tratamento dos instrumentos utilizados por manicures/pedicures em salões de beleza na cidade de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Método: Pesquisa transversal, do tipo inquérito com manicures/pedicures, entre junho de 2012 e março 2013, em 235 salões de beleza. As respostas foram categorizadas e analisadas utilizando o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, por meio de estatísticas descritivas, de Pearson teste exato de Fisher, Qui quadrado ou/e regressão logística binária multivariada para analisar a influência das variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados: A maioria (68,1%) definiu esterilização corretamente. No entanto, a adesão ao calor úmido (autoclave) era baixa (35,3%). A temperatura e o tempo de exposição para os métodos de esterilização variaram, com a maioria (44,7%) citando um mínimo de 200°C durante 60 a 90 minutos (32,8%). Os entrevistados relataram a reutilização de instrumentos descartáveis com clientes, mas apontou a utilização individual dos instrumentos como o procedimento correto (90,6%). Conclusão: Apesar do conhecimento sobre o tema, a prática dos profissionais era inadequada no que diz ao processamento de instrumentos, o que pode colocar sua própria saúde e a dos clientes em risco.

Due to concerns around occupational chemical exposures, this study sought to examine whether women working as cosmetologists (providing hair and nail care services) and manicurists (providing only nail care services) have an elevated risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this population-based retrospective study of cosmetologists and manicurists in California, we linked cosmetology licensee and birth registry files to identify births during 1996–2009. We compared outcomes among cosmetologists and manicurists to those of the general female population and to women from other industries. We also conducted restricted analyses for Vietnamese women, who comprise a significant proportion of the workforce. There was little evidence of increased risk for adverse birth outcomes, but we observed an association for small for gestational age (SGA) among Vietnamese manicurists (OR 1.39; 95 % CI 1.08–1.78) and cosmetologists (OR 1.40; 95 % CI 1.08–1.83) when compared to other working women. Some maternal complications were observed, notably an increased risk for gestational diabetes (OR 1.28; 95 % CI 1.10–1.50 for manicurists; OR 1.19; 95 % CI 1.07–1.33 for cosmetologists) compared with the general population, which further elevated when restricted to Vietnamese workers (OR 1.59; 95 % CI 1.20–2.11 for manicurists; OR 1.49; 95 % CI 1.04–2.11 for cosmetologists). Additionally, we observed an association for placentia previa among manicurists (OR 1.46; 95 % CI 1.08–1.97) and cosmetologists (OR 1.22; 95 % CI 1.02–1.46) compared with the general population. Women in the nail and hair care industry may be potentially at increased risk for some maternal complications, although further research is warranted. Vietnamese workers may also have increased risk for SGA.

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe upper limb symptoms in manicurists, who also performed domestic chores, and compare them with symptoms identified in house wives. Seventy female manicurists (mean age 34 years) and seventy house wives (mean age 37 years from a similar social class as the manicurists) were interviewed by the authors. A questionnaire designed for this study provided structure to the interview. The results showed a significant difference between these groups. The manicurists were twice more prone to experience musculoskeletal symptoms than the house wives (Relative Risk=2). Some types of symptoms, such as trembling, heaviness sensation and temperature alterations, were experienced only by the manicurists. Concerning pain symptoms, the manicurists were almost three times more prone to be affected (Relative Risk=3.0). Although no statistical differences were found, the production rates for the non-symptomatic manicurists were 18% higher than for the symptomatic ones. Therefore, the results suggest the necessity of redesigning the nail clippers. Relevance to industry Different types of cutters are used in several industrial activities. Depending on their design, they can cause hand discomforts and injuries. Concurrent studies on a group of subjects exposed to such risks may lead to a better understanding of the problem, and also provide basic data for redesigning the tool.

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the level of knowledge of hairdressers, barbers, manicurists and pedicurists who could easily get infected with certain blood-borne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 147 barbers/hairdressers in the Adıyaman Province. Questionnaires were completed by the participants before the seminar in the training program co-prepared by Adiyaman Provincial Directorate of Health and the Chamber of Artisans. Those questionnaires completed by the participants were prepared after literature reviews. Results: Thirty-six participants gave the correct answer to the question which was if HIV + HBV + HCV are the blood-borne pathogens. 72.9% of the respondents stated that HBV infection is, 21.9% of the participants stated that HIV infection is a blood-borne disease. Regarding the question on the correct use of razor blades and razors, only 10 participants (6.8%) said I use a new one for each customer, which was the correct answer. 17.3% of the barbers-hairdressers got injured within the preceding month, and 49% of them within the past one year with sharp objects, such as blades and razors that they used on their customers. 60.1% of them were vaccinated against HBV, and 39.9% of them were not. Conclusion: Barbers/hairdressers knowledge of the blood-borne pathogens is insufficient, and they do not pay adequate attention to protect their customers and themselves., Amaç: Human Immunodeficiency Virüs (HIV), Hepatitis B Virüs (HBV) ve Hepatitis C Virüs (HCV) gibi kan yolu ile bulaşan enfeksiyonlarla kolayca enfekte olabilen kuaförler, berberler, manikürcüler ve pedikürcülerin bu konudaki bilgi düzeylerini araştırmak. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma Adıyaman ilinde 147 berber ve kuaför ile yapıldı. Adıyaman İl Sağlık Müdürlüğü ve Sanatkarlar Odasının beraber hazırladığı eğitim programı kapsamındaki seminer öncesi katılımcılar tarafından anketler dolduruldu. Anketler literatürler gözden geçirildikten sonra oluşturuldu. Bulgular: Otuz altı katılımcı HIV + HBV + HCV'nin kan yolu ile bulaştığı doğru cevabını verdiler. Katılımcıların %72,9'u HBV'nin, %21,9'u HIV'in kan yolu ile bulaştığını belirtti. Tıraş bıçaklarının ve usturanın doğru kullanımı ile ilgili soruya sadece 10 katılımcı (%6,8) Her bir müşteri için yenisini kullanırım doğru cevabını verdi. Berber ve kuaförlerin %17,3'ü bir önceki ay %49'u son bir yıl içinde müşterilerine kullandıkları jilet ve ustura gibi keskin cisimlerle yaralandıklarını belirttiler. Katılımcıların %60,1'i HBV'ye karşı aşılı iken %39,9'u aşısız idi. Sonuç: Berber ve kuaförlerin kan yolu ile geçen patojenlere karşı bilgi düzeyleri yetersizdir ve kendilerini ve müşterilerini korumak için gerekli önemi göstermemektedirler.

O risco da transmissão microbiana pontencializa-se quando manicures e pedicures desconhecem e não utilizam medidas de biossegurança. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o conhecimento e a adesão às recomendações de biossegurança por manicures/pedicures que trabalham em salões de beleza. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa transversal, do tipo survey, em salões de beleza e em uma escola técnica de podologia em Minas Gerais, considerando adesão e conhecimento adequados quando houve acerto mínimo nas questões de 75%. Foram entrevistadas 84 mulheres manicures/pedicures. Houve baixa adesão aos equipamentos de proteção individual (45%) e aos métodos de reprocessamento de artigos, com deficiência na limpeza destes. Uma parcela significativa não utilizava avental/uniforme nem sapatos fechados no trabalho. O fator dificultador principal para não adesão às medidas foi a falta de informação. Os resultados deste estudo reforçam a necessidade de maior assistência dos órgãos públicos aos profissionais deste segmento acerca das medidas de biossegurança. The risk of microbial transmission potentially increases when manicurists and pedicurists are unaware of or do not use biosecurity procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and adherence to biosecurity procedures for manicurists/pedicurists who work in beauty salons. This was a cross-sectional survey with manicurists in beauty salons and in a technical school of podiatry, which evaluated the adherence to and knowledge of biosecurity procedures, with 75% of correct answers taken as the minimum for adequate adherence and knowledge. A total of 84 manicurists/pedicurists were interviewed, all female. There was poor adherence to the use of personal protection equipment (45%) and to methods of reprocessing equipment. The oven was the most widely used method of sterilizing, insufficient for cleaning and decontamination of material. A significant portion did not use an apron/uniform or closed shoes at work. The intervening factor most cited for non-adherence to the measures was the lack of information. The results reinforce the need for increased assistance regarding biosecurity procedures for professionals in this sector. El riesgo de transmisión microbiana se convierte en potencial cuando manicuras/pedicuras desconocen y no utilizan las medidas de bioseguridad. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el conocimiento y la adhesión a las recomendaciones de bioseguridad para manicuras/pedicuras. Esta fue una investigación transversal, Survey, en peluquerías de belleza y escuela técnica de podología, teniendo en cuenta la adhesión y conocimiento apropiado cuando se produjo precisión adecuada de al menos 75%. Se entrevistó 84 mujeres manicura y tuvo una baja adhesión a los equipos de protección personal (45%), métodos de reprocesamiento de artículos, con deficiencia de limpieza de los mismos. Una parte importante no usaba delantal/uniforme, ni zapatos cerrados en el trabajo. El factor de intervención a la no adhesión a las medidas fue la falta de información. Los resultados de este estudio refuerzan la necesidad de una asistencia para los profesionales de este segmento sobre las medidas de bioseguridad.

Acrylic resin monomers, especially acrylates and methacrylates, are well-known sensitizers responsible for allergic contact dermatitis mainly in the occupational setting. The most frequently affected professionals are dentists, orthopedic surgeons, manicurists, painting industry and fiberglass workers. The authors report the case of a 39-year-old healthy woman, a secretary, who developed severe onychodystrophy of all fingers, 1 week after the application of sculptured acrylic nails.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the genotoxic risk to hairdressers exposed daily to chemical substances such as hair dyes, waving and straightening preparations and manicurists' products by the Comet assay test (single-cell gel electrophoresis). METHODS The Comet assay was performed on blood samples from 69 female hairdressers (36.4 +/- 10.7 years old) currently employed in 21 different beauty institutes in Sao Paulo, Brazil, and on 55 female control blood donors (32.6 +/- 10.0 years old) from the Sao Paulo University Clinical Hospital blood bank. All the control subjects had occupations other than hairdresser. Comet assays were performed by evaluating 100 blood lymphocytes per individual and graded by visual score according to comet tail length. RESULTS The hairdressers showed a higher frequency of DNA damage revealed by Comet Score (159.8 +/- 71) when compared to the control group (125.4 +/- 64.1), and the difference was statistically significant by the Student's t-test (P = 0.005). Multiple regression analysis showed that in addition to the hairdressers' profession, tobacco use contributed to the higher frequency of cells with comets (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The observed DNA damage could be associated with the hairdressers' occupational environment, where different chemicals are chronically manipulated and inhaled. Considering that this profession in many countries, including Brazil, is not officially regulated, more attention should focus on these professionals not only by legislative bodies but also by multidisciplinary teams able to develop and implement risk prevention and control strategies for chemical, physical and biological agents to which hairdressers are exposed.

To measure manicurists' exposure to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) at work and to determine whether workplace characteristics influence this exposure. DBP is a reproductive and developmental toxicant in rats and is used in nail polish to hold color and prevent chipping.Pre- and postshift spot urine samples were collected from 40 manicurists. Linear regression compared the relationship between the log of the cross-shift differences in urinary phthalate monoester metabolite concentrations and use of workplace exposure control methods.There was a statistically significant cross-shift increase of 17.4 ng/mL in the urinary concentration of mono-n-butyl phthalate, the major metabolite of DBP. Use of gloves reduced mono-n-butyl phthalate concentrations by 15.1 ng/mL below the preshift concentration compared with a 20.5 ng/mL increase if gloves were not worn.Manicurists are occupationally exposed to DBP and glove use may minimize this exposure.

Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar os conhecimentos de manicures de Ribeirão Preto acerca de aspectos gerais sobre AIDS e as alterações ocorridas nas suas ações profissionais com o advento desta síndrome. Foram selecionadas 40 manicures no município de Ribeirão Preto-SP, através da lista telefônica e por indicação das próprias manicures. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevista individual, que foi norteada por um formulário estruturado. Os resultados evidenciaram que algumas das profissionais avaliadas apresentam conhecimento incorreto sobre noções básicas quanto a AIDS (meios de transmissão e de prevenção). Ressalta-se que os meios de esterilização utilizados por 100% delas não são eficazes para inativação do HIV. This study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge of Ribeirão Preto manicurists concerning the general features of AIDS and the changes occurred in their professional procted in consequence to this syndrome. A total of 40 manicurists form. Ribeirão Preto-SP were selected, through the telephone number guide and by considering the manicurists indications . The data were collected through individual interview, based on a structured form. The results showed that some professionals have incorrect knowledge about basic notions related to HIV/ AIDS (transmission/prevention). We emphasize that sterilizaton methods used by all of them are not efficient to inativate HIV.

In the Philippines, there has been a growing population of businesses engaging in the industry of providing personal care services. From the statistics provided by the Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics, in 2008 to 2010, there has been a 34.7% increase in the people employed in this sector .[1] These services include that of salons, with pedicure and manicure services consisting 23% and 19% respectively .[2] Manicurists and pedicurists suffer severe discomfort and pain due to the awkward posture and repetitive motions involved in their work. Manicurists and pedicurists are commonly seen hunching over, bowing and tilting their heads, and sitting in stools lower than their popliteal height. Because of this, the proponents of this study aim to design an ergonomically-fit chair suitable for manicurists and pedicurists. In line with this goal, the proponents conducted a survey in areas near the University of the Philippines Diliman to backup observations regarding the workers’ working posture and ailments occurring due to this. The need to change their working posture was analyzed through Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and necessary anthropometric measurements were obtained. From the survey conducted among the workers, the body parts which most often experienced pain were the neck, shoulders, and back. In addition, the legs, back, and hands were the areas perceived to experience the most severe pain while working. The legs and the back were also seen to be the areas where pain frequently occurs, as well as the chest part. Furthermore, the nature of their job entails that manicurists and pedicurists frequently tilt and bow their heads while working. These factors were taken into consideration for the design of the chair. Postures of the workers were evaluated by the proponents to support the claims of the participants. REBA of their working posture revealed that manicurists and pedicurists adopt high-risk postures that require immediate investigation to implement change. Using all the data gathered, the proponents designed a chair allowing workers to have a better posture. Regarding the improved ergonomic chair design for nail salon workers, it was suggested that further studies could include customer's anthropometric measurements to supplement the design of the chair and come up with a better set up beneficial for both the worker and the customer. In addition, attention should also be paid to the selection of the materials used in the chair.

In an hypothesis-generating activity, data in a population-based cancer registry were analyzed according to occupation and industry. The number of cases of multiple myeloma was found to be excessive for females in the occupation "cosmetologists, hairdressers and manicurists." Race did not explain the excess. People in this occupation have potential exposure to a number of chemicals that produce mutations in bacteria. Studies should be done to investigate the hypothesis that these chemicals cause multiple myeloma in cosmetologists.