Search

Therapeutic blockade of tumour necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) is the mainstay treatment of several rheumatologic diseases. They are unfrequently associated with opportunistic infections and latent tuberculosis (TB) screening is paramount before immunosuppression. A 62-year-old man with psoriatic arthritis was under treatment with adalimumab for over 5 years. The screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) prior to the start of immunosuppression was negative, and a subsequent interferon gamma release assay 4 years later was also negative. He presented in the emergency department complaining of asthenia, anorexia, fever, night sweats and weight loss for over 5 months. He also complained of memory loss, despite his normal cognitive and neurological examination. After an exhaustive workup, he was diagnosed with a disseminated tuberculosis (cerebral, pulmonary and peritoneal) and treated accordingly. TB diagnosis remains challenging in certain situations. Latent TB screening tests may lack sensitivity and immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk of disseminated infection. We discuss the workup and management of a central nervous system disseminated TB related to adalimumab therapy.

Objectives We investigated whether early worsening of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) predicts the later paradoxical tuberculomas and is a potential predictive biomarker. Methods Patients of HIV-negative tuberculous meningitis fulfilling the inclusion criteria(n = 98) underwent clinical and CSF evaluation, together with repeated neuroimaging. We compared the baseline clinical data and continuous CSF of patients who did (n = 36) and did not (n = 62) develop paradoxical tuberculomas, and reported the changes associated with symptomatic tuberculomas. A logistic regression analysis was developed to reveal predictors for paradoxical tuberculomas. Results The proportion of worsening CSF parameters (WBC count and percent neutrophils) in the paradoxical tuberculomas group (27/36, 75.0%) was significantly higher than the non-paradoxical tuberculomas group (15/62, 24.2%). The logistic regression analysis revealed that worsening CSF parameters was the highest risk predictor for paradoxical tuberculomas. Most worsening CSF parameters (81.0%) occurred within two weeks after treatment (2–24 days, median 7 days), and paradoxical tuberculomas commonly happened two weeks later (12 days to 13 months, median 22 days). The period between worsening CSF parameters and paradoxical tuberculomas ranged from 6 to 383 days (median 21days). There were no significant differences in mortality and prognosis between the two groups. Conclusions Early worsening of CSF parameters predicts subsequent development or progression of tuberculomas.

A unique case of tubercular meningitis, developing shunt complication, is being reported. We present a pediatric patient with disseminated tubercular granulomas along the ventricular catheter of a nonfunctional ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Aims: Differentiating intracranial mass lesions on CT scan is challenging. The purpose of our study was to determine the perfusion parameters in various intracranial space-occupying lesions (ICSOL), differentiate benign and malignant lesions, and differentiate between grades of gliomas. Materials and Methods: We performed CT perfusion (CTP) in 64 patients, with age ranging from 17 to 68 years, having space-occupying lesions in brain and calculated relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV). Results: We found significantly lower perfusion in low-grade gliomas as compared to high-grade tumors, lymphoma, and metastases. Similarly in infective lesions, TWT and abscesses showed significantly lower perfusion compared to TOT. In ring enhancing lesions, capsule of TWT showed significantly lower perfusion as compared to abscesses, TOT, and metastases. Conclusion: Thus, in conclusion, infective lesions can be differentiated from tumors like lymphomas, high-grade gliomas, or metastases based on perfusion parameters. The cut off value of rCBV 1.64 can be used to differentiate between low grade and high grade gliomas. However, depending only on perfusion parameters, differentiation between the tumors like lymphomas, high-grade gliomas, and metastases may not be possible.

Neurological tuberculosis can very rarely involve the hypophysis cerebri. We report a case of an eighteen year old female who presented with five months duration of generalised apathy, secondary amenorrhea and weight gain. She was on irregular treatment for tuberculosis of the central nervous system for the last five months. Neuroimaging revealed sellar and suprasellar tuberculomas and communicating hydrocephalus requiring emergency decompression. Endocrinological investigation showed hypopituitarism manifesting as pituitary hypothyroidism, hypocortisolism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and hyperprolactinemia. Restarting anti-tuberculosis treatment, hormone replacement therapy, and a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt surgery led to remarkable improvement in the general condition of the patient.

La tuberculosis del SNC representa cerca del 5% de los casos de tuberculosis extrapulmonar, y la meningitis es el cuadro clínico más frecuente. Una forma poco común de presentación en nuestro medio son los tuberculomas. Se refiere el caso de una paciente de 30 años de edad, hospitalizada para estudio por múltiples masas intracerebrales. Se descartaron la toxoplasmosis y la neurocisticercosis debido a la falta de respuesta al tratamiento específico, tampoco se encontró lesión tumoral primaria que sustentara una metástasis. No se llegó al diagnóstico etiológico por la imposibilidad de realizar una biopsia. Tras 5 meses, la paciente reingresa con una pleuritis por M. tuberculosis, que sugirió tuberculomas como causa de las lesiones intracerebrales. Este diagnóstico presuntivo se confirmó con una excelente respuesta a antifímicos, con desaparición de las masas intracerebrales al cuarto mes de tratamiento. El caso demuestra que es importante considerar los tuberculomas en el diagnóstico diferencial de las masas intracerebralesTuberculosis of the central nervous system accounts for approximately 5% of all cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, mainly in the form of meningitis. Tuberculomas are uncommon entities. We present the case of a 37 year old woman with intracerebral lesions. Toxoplasmosis and neurocysticercosis were considered as possible etiologies, but specific treatment administration did not produce any results. There were no data suggesting a metastatic origin. Biopsy was unavailable. Five months later the patient developed tuberculous pleuritis wich suggested that intracerebral lesions could be tuberculomas. This diagnosis was confirmed by the results of antituberculous treatment the: intracerebral lesions disappeared on the fourth month of therapy. This case shows that tuberculomas should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of intracerebral masses

Background: Spinal cord compression can be due to various causes but spinal intramedullary tuberculoma is a rare cause. We report a case that had an intramedullary spinal cord tuberculomas in which the diagnosis was made histologically, without evidence of symptoms of systemic tuberculosis. This lesion, located in the thoracic region, mimicked as an intramedullary tumor radiologically. Case Description: The patient was a 25-year-old male who presented with a history of progressive paraparesis. Initial diagnosis was made as an intramedullary tumor by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The treatment of the patient involved is complete surgical excision of intramedullary lesion followed by appropriate antituberculous therapy. Postoperatively, his neurological symptoms were dramatically improved. With combination of both surgical and medical treatments, excellent clinical outcome was obtained. Conclusion: This case illustrates the risk of misdiagnosis and the importance of histological confirmation of a pathological lesion as spinal cord tuberculoma prior to surgical therapy, which should be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis of the intramedullary spinal cord tumors.

Intracranial tuberculoma is the second most common manifestation of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in immunocompetent tuberculosis (TB) patients and the major cause of death and disability in developing countries due to diagnostic difficulties. Tuberculosis is the most common infectious cause of CNS space-occupying lesions (SOLs) in Indonesia. However, we should consider other infectious causes for the differential diagnosis of CNS SOLs. Clinical presentations, histopathological and microbiological findings of brain biopsy specimens may confirm intracranial tuberculoma diagnosis. We discuss a case of multiple intracranial tuberculomas in a 23-year-old female with diagnosis difficulties at the early stage of illness.