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In the first edition of LADM the land administration processes were omitted as they were considered to be country specific. This view is now under reconsideration as the future extensions of LADM are planned and developed. The processes within land administration domain are, namely, registration and dissemination. The research concerning modeling of the LAS processes is somewhat in a scarce state as the majority of the research was directed towards registration activities such as subdivision, real-property transfers, and property formation. The authors deem that the proper dissemination of LAS data is a prerequisite to above-mentioned processes, and it could be stated that this domain of the land administration dynamism is relatively poorly researched. The research presented in this paper analyzes one use-case scenario of land administration data dissemination process in Croatia. The analyzed use-case depicts the process in which cadastral certificates are utilized to gain additional land-related information, which in this case study, was the spatial planning data concerning one cadastral parcel. The aim of this research was to examine how the land administration data dissemination processes could be optimized and improved in a standardized formal manner. The model outlining the process of disseminating both cadastral and spatial planning certificates was formalized by means of usecase diagram. From the formalized process, the elements, such as actors, activities, input/output data were determined and matched with existing LADM classes, while the importance of data interoperability and timeframe of the said processes were also addressed. The paper also discussed how would the formalized process look if the LAS data was interoperable within one service, pointing out that this would lead to a much more timeefficient and user-friendly access to the disseminated LAS data for the current and future LAS users.

The cadastral system that was established in Croatia as early as the 19th century has been undergoing various reforms throughout history related both to documents as well as to data. The data have been updated through the processes of revision, reambulation, land consolidation and resurveys. Recent resurveys with the aim to replace the Land Cadastre with the Real Estate Cadastre started in the year 2000 and have been performed ever since within the scope of the projects of cadastral survey for the whole or a part of cadastral municipality. The paper presents an overview of the activities carried out within the scope of the project, as well as the analysis of available official documents on individual activities. The documents reveal the key metadata that make it possible to perform systematic monitoring of a project and of the duration of activities in individual projects. Based on key information provided by the available documents, the project duration has been determined and the state of completion of individual project analysed. The cadastral survey project is modelled by an activity diagram, and the results obtained from the analysis of started, completed or on-going projects are presented graphically and commented.

A more extensive use of land administration data began with the development of multipurpose cadastral systems. However, establishing of multipurpose cadastral systems has proven to be a task more demanding than expected, so hardly any country has one that is really efficient. Only with a start of a more extensive introduction of IT technologies have the prerequisites for developing of multipurpose land administration system really been fulfilled. Still, the differences resulting from basic concepts (e.g. deed vs. title registration, fixed vs. general boundaries, institutional and jurisdictional differences) require on a per country approach to be applied when multipurpose land administration systems are to be implemented. LADM can be used as a facilitator for the development of a standardized concept for a multipurpose land administration system, however it first needs to be adjusted to local conditions. The inclusion of all the involved stakeholders directly into an integrated LAS would not result in an efficient system. The analysis of parts of LAS indicates that the most appropriate solution is a distributed MLAS based on the interoperability of its parts. The analysis focuses on components (registers) to be included in order to satisfy as many users as possible.

The analysis of GNSS systems in transition countries of Southeast Europe was made in this paper. Collecting location about land features is one of the major component of land administration systems. Data collecting undergoes significant changes with satellite data collection methods which are more and more replacing traditional methods. The paper also presents a brief overview of the development of GNSS systems, and the dynamics of their introduction in certain countries. Networks of permanent stations were analyzed, and their main features are listed. The cooperation of relevant institutions, in terms of constant exchange of data cells GNSS permanent networks in border areas was also analyzed.

Pojam infrastrukture prostornih podataka (Spatial Data Infrastructure - SDI) već je dulje vrijeme prisutan u svijetu. Presudnu ulogu i poticaj ka stvara-nju nacionalnih infrastruktura prostornih podataka imala je izvršna naredba 12906 američkog predsjed-nika Clintona iz 1994. godine. Donošenje ove naredbe potaknulo je ubrzan rad na izgradnji nacionalne infrastrukture prostornih podataka i svih dodatnih mjera u SAD-u, ali i diljem svijeta. Uz nacionalne infrastrukture prostornih podataka pokrenute su i različite inicijative na regionalnoj (EUROGI, PCGIAP ...) kao i na globalnoj razini (GSDI). U radu će se dati pregled različitih inicijativa i napora koji su pokrenuti u Hrvatskoj po tom pitanju. Najveću ulogu u tome imaju državna tijela, u prvom redu Vlada i Državna geodetska uprava uz potporu i suradnju javnog i privatnog sektora te akademske zajednice. Državna geodetska uprava je kao glavni čimbenik u stvaranju buduće infrastrukture prostornih podataka pokrenula niz inicijativa koje imaju za cilj uvođenje novih tehnologija, oprema i postupaka pri izradi karata i stvaranju digitalnih i katastarskih baza podataka. Učinkovito upravljanje prostorom uz održivi razvitak zahtijeva uređenje i modernizaciju prostornih evidencija te uspostavu nacionalne infrastrukture prostornih podataka. U idućih nekoliko godina pred Hrvatskom su brojne zadaće i obaveze po pitanju uređenja prostornih evidencija. Tim zadaćama treba savjesno pristupiti i riješiti ih u razumnom roku, a što je od interesa kako za boljitak cijele države tako i za ispunjenje postavljenih uvjeta u procesu pristupanja europskim i svjetskim integracijama., The term Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) is not new and has already been present in the world for quite a long time. President Clinton's Executive Order 12906 from April 1994 played a crucial role and was an initiative in establishing National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). This Order induced briskly the building of NSDI and also of all additional counterparts in the USA and around the whole world. Besides NSDI, various other initiatives at regional (EUROGI, PCGIAP, …) and global level (GSDI) were also launched. In this paper, an overview of different initiatives and efforts in establishing SDI in Croatia will be presented. State bodies such as the Government and State Geodetic Administration have the main role in it in collaboration with public and commercial sector and also with academic community. As the main factor in creating a future SDI, State Geodetic Administration has launched several initiatives the goal of which is the installation of new technologies, equipment and procedures in map production and the establishment of digital topographic and cadastre databases. The arrangement and modernization of spatial records and the establishment of NSDI make the key factors for sustainable physical planning and land development at local and national level. In the next few years Croatia must solve numerous duties to arrange spatial records. These duties must be solved very conscientiously and in a reasonable period of time. It is very important for Croatian prosperity and for the fulfilment of the conditions set in the process of entering European and international integrations.

Updated study on the status of cadastral and land administration systems in the countries in the region of the former Jugoslavia. Systems for cadastral maps and related data, and the registration of real property rights are compared. Special attention is given to: reform programs, electronic information services, global navigation satelite services, national spatial data infrastructures, line maps and ortophoto.

Study on the status of cadastral systems in the countries in the region of the former Jugoslavia. Systems for cadastral maps and related data, and the registration of real property rights are compared. Special attention is given to: institutional and organisational framework, legal framework, reform programs and cadastral upgrading and harmonization.

The paper presents how rules for geometrical and topological consistency of planar partition can be implemented and used for on-line testing of consistency of updates in a planar partition based transaction processing system. Upon the reception of a set of polygons as potential new version for a designated subset of the planar partition, the system does all the necessary geometry testing, does the on-line half-edge topology extraction and finally tests the new version of half-edges for internal (within itself) and external topology (the rest of the planar partition). Also, in order to prevent performance degradation in case large area becomes the subject to change, an in-memory spatial index is created on-line, and used for primary filtering. In case topological or geometrical errors are detected a log describing those is created and stored so the initial creator of the transaction or any other person can use it to correct the errors. Otherwise the transaction is either marked as valid or executed. The benefit of such an approach is its capability to receive prepared transactions from any software capable of producing polygonal data in a standard form and to automatically detect errors, description of which is logged for any later usage (primarily correcting).

Podaci i informacije u nadležnosti tijela javne vlasti čine informacije javnog sektora kojima upravljaju nadležne institucije. Ti podaci u pravilu podliježu načelu javnosti. Međutim, pri stavljanju tih podataka dostupnima putem interneta javnost se ograničava. Najčešći je razlog tomu želja za naplatom troškova. U radu se prikazuju dva karakteristična pristupa tom pitanju i svojstva servisa preko kojih se može pristupiti katastarskim podacima. Analizirana su oba pristupa s gledišta naplate troškova te odnosa politike pristupa i cijena javnih informacija u nekim zemljama svijeta s posebnim osvrtom na podatke katastra., Data and information within the authority of the government are information of the public sector for which the competent institutions are responsible. These data are normally public property. However, when these data become accessible on the Internet, public access is regulated. The most frequent reason behind this is the decision to charge for the expenses. This paper deals with two specific approaches to this issue and describes characteristics of the services through which cadastral data can be viewed. Both approaches are analyzed with regard to the payment of expenses, i.e. the policy on the access and price of public information in some countries, with special emphasis on cadastral data.

Cadastre as the large-scale spatial data is the basis of spatial data infrastructure. This is illustrated by various countries which have the cadastre as part of the basic spatial data set. Coordinated management is of special importance in the case of cadastral data, since their processing is significantly more expensive than with any other type of data. One of the most efficient tools for managing spatial data in digital and analog form is metadata. Digitization of the cadastral data in Croatia has been going on for a longer period of time. Its dynamics is closely linked to the development of computer technologies. The descriptive (alphanumerical) part of the data was digitized first, resulting in the cadastral records databases, and the introduction of the CAD program and first digitizers led to digitization of the technical (collection of map sheets) data. The cadastral records are mostly in digital form, while digitization of the cadastral maps is still going on. The result of new cadastral surveying, which have been intensified over the last few years, is a digital cadastre. This paper describes the approach to the records and the transformation of the Land Cadastre into a Real Estate Cadastre, as well as the development of accompanying services. The existing state and types of the cadastral data in Croatia were analyzed, and the standard for metadata was chosen. Based on the standard, a prototype of the cadastral meta-database was created and developed, in order to monitor and manage transformation of the Land Cadastre into a Real Estate Cadastre. The paper describes the systematic computer watch of the transformation and the access granted to a wider user group through the metadata system. The service provides insight into the current state, and various dynamic analyses. These facilitate project planning and cost assessment.

Croatian Government has recently passed the “ State Programme of Renewal Registers of Real Estates, Possessors and Owners (Cadastre and Land Register Books) on the Islands” . The State Geodetic Administration and the Ministry of Justice, Administration and Local Self-government are competent for the activities connected with the realisation of the Programme. Since new laws of cadastre and land register books were recently enacted in Croatia, these regulations will be obeyed within the activities on the Programme execution. The paper describes the activities that will be carried out by the State Geodetic Administration through its central office and local offices for cadastre, and by the Ministry of Justice, Administration and Local Self-government through municipality courts. A part the Programme under the competence of the State Geodetic Administration will be carried out in collaboration with private geodetic firms, and the paper also describes their participation in the realisation of the Programme. At the end there are some guidelines given relating to the records for supervision of the Programme realisation and the conclusion.