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A systematic phytochemical investigation of Pteris wallichiana J. Agardh resulted in the isolation of twenty compounds, including five sesquiterpenes (1 – 5), six flavonoids (6 – 11), seven phenolic acids (12 – 18) and two fatty acids (19 and 20). Their structures were deduced from MS, NMR and ORD data. This is the first report of compounds dehydropterosin B (2), (2 R ,3 S)-pterosin C (4), (2 R ,3 R)-pterosin L (5), apigenin (6), luteolin (7), luteolin-7- O -glucoside (10), caffeic acid (13), vanillin (14), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (15), chlorogenic acid (17), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (18), suberic acid (19) and azelaic acid (20) from P. wallichiana and of compounds 15 , 19 and 20 from the family Pteridaceae. Furthermore, a chemotaxonomic study of the isolates was performed. • A phytochemical study of P. wallichiana led to isolation of twenty compounds. • Compounds 2 , 4 – 7 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 17 and 18 were first found from P. wallichiana. • Compounds 15 , 19 and 20 were first found from the family Pteridaceae. • P. wallichiana has a close chemotaxonomic relationship with other Pteris species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolics from S. miltiorrhiza leaves was optimized. • An efficient procedure for purifying total phenolics by NKA-2 resin was developed. • Five major phenolics were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD. • This study will enhance the potential exploitation of S. miltiorrhiza leaves. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge leaves, a crop waste, have potential as a source of bioactive phenolics. In this work, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was employed as a green extraction technology to extract phenolics from S. miltiorrhiza leaves. UAE parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken design, achieving the total phenolics from S. miltiorrhiza leaves (SMLTP) yield of 71.16 ± 0.57 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of dry material (mg GAE/g DM) under optimal conditions. Afterwards, NKA-2 resin was selected to enrich SMLTP, the data for adsorption of SMLTP on NKA-2 resin fitted well with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. A NKA-2 resin-based chromatography procedure was optimized by studying breakthrough curves and desorption curves to enrich SMLTP from crude extract. A lab-scale enrichment experiment was performed under optimal conditions, the content of SMLTP in the product was 78.33 ± 0.61 %, which was 3.7 times higher than that in the crude extract, the recovery yield of SMLTP was 82.14 ± 1.62 %. Finally, HPLC-DAD analysis showed the contents of five major phenolic compounds including caffeic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin, rosmarinic acid, and salvianolic acid B significantly increased through enrichment. Certainly, this study will enhance S. miltiorrhiza industry to be more ecologic and economic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to find an efficient way for broccoli to increase the phenolic content, this study intended primarily to elucidate the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on the phenolic accumulation in broccoli. The optimum concentration of MeJA was studied first, and 10 μM MeJA was chosen as the most effective concentration to improve the phenolic content in wounded broccoli. Furthermore, in order to elucidate the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on phenolic biosynthesis in broccoli, the key enzyme activities of phenylpropanoid metabolism, the total phenolic content (TPC), individual phenolic compounds (PC), antioxidant activity (AOX) and antioxidant metabolism-associated enzyme activities were investigated. Results show that MeJA treatment stimulated phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), and 4-coumarin coenzyme A ligase (4CL) enzymes activities in phenylpropanoid metabolism, and inhibited the activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and further accelerated the accumulation of the wound-induced rutin, caffeic acid, and cinnamic acid accumulation, which contributed to the result of the total phenolic content increasing by 34.8% and ferric reducing antioxidant power increasing by 154.9% in broccoli. These results demonstrate that MeJA in combination with wounding stress can induce phenylpropanoid metabolism for the wound-induced phenolic accumulation in broccoli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]