9 results on '"Mendelsohn G"'
Search Results
2. Endocrine-related biochemistry in the spectrum of human lung carcinoma.
- Author
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Berger CL, Goodwin G, Mendelsohn G, Eggleston JC, Abeloff MD, Aisner S, and Baylin SB
- Subjects
- APUD Cells metabolism, Adenocarcinoma metabolism, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell metabolism, Humans, beta-Endorphin, Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) metabolism, Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases metabolism, Calcitonin metabolism, Carcinoma, Small Cell metabolism, Dopa Decarboxylase metabolism, Endorphins metabolism, Lung Neoplasms metabolism
- Abstract
The association of hormonal syndrome and APUD (amine precursor uptake, decarboxylase) features with small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCC) has suggested that SCC has a separate cell origin from other major forms of lung cancer. Recently, however, both SCC and non-SCC lung cancers have been found to contain small polypeptide hormones and APUD enzymes. The present study quantitates, in 50 samples of human lung cancer tissue, relationships among the 4 major types of lung cancer and endocrine-related properties. Among 4 parameters measured (dopa decarboxylase, histaminase, beta-endorphin, and calcitonin), no single marker clearly separated SCC from non-SCC lung cancer. The high activity of dopa decarboxylase (the "D" in "APUD") best separated SCC from non-SCC, but significant overlap existed even for this critical APUD property. In fact, 2 adenocarcinomas had among the highest concentrations of dopa decarboxylase, histaminase, and calcitonin of any tumor tissue studied. The simultaneous appearance of high levels of 2 or more markers favored SCC. This was quantitated by deriving an index unit based upon the product of the values for the 4 markers in each lesion. This index separated all SCC from all non-SCC lung carcinomas, with the exception of the above 2 adenocarcinomas. Endocrine-related properties thus occur throughout the spectrum of human lung cancer. Biochemical differences between the major histopathological types are quantitative rather than qualitative and probably reflect the fact that the major forms of lung cancer represent a continuum of differentiation within a common cell lineage which includes both SCC and non-SCC lung tumors. more...
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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3. Discordance between plasma calcitonin and tumor-cell mass in medullary thyroid carcinoma.
- Author
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Trump DL, Mendelsohn G, and Baylin SB
- Subjects
- Calcitonin analysis, Carcinoma analysis, Carcinoma metabolism, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Thyroid Neoplasms analysis, Thyroid Neoplasms metabolism, Calcitonin blood, Carcinoma pathology, Thyroid Neoplasms pathology
- Published
- 1979
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Thyroid venous catheterization in the early diagnosis of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma.
- Author
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Wells SA Jr, Baylin SB, Johnsrude IS, Harrington DP, Mendelsohn G, Ontjes DJ, and Cooper CW
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Calcium Gluconate, Carcinoma diagnosis, Catheterization, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Pentagastrin, Thyroid Gland blood supply, Thyroid Neoplasms diagnosis, Thyroid Neoplasms surgery, Thyroidectomy, Time Factors, Veins, Calcitonin blood, Carcinoma genetics, Thyroid Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
In kindreds with familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), individuals are often detected whose peripheral plasma calcitonin (CT) levels are undetectable in the basal state but increase minimally following provocative testing. The proper management of such patients has been uncertain, but most investigators have advocated repeat testing and evaluation after an interval of several months. The present study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic implications of these modest increases in plasma calcitonin. In 25 kindred members at direct risk for familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), basal peripheral plasma calcitonin (CT) levels were less than 240 pg/ml. Following provocative testing with intravenous calcium or pentagastrin or both, calcitonin values remained below 240 pg/ml in eight subjects (Group A), however, they were mildly elevated (260-580 pg/ml) in 12 subjects (Group B) and moderately elevated (700-940 pg/ml) in five subjects (Group C). Following the transfemoral placement of a catheter into the inferior thyroid vein (ITV), provocative testing was repeated, and ITV and peripheral blood samples were collected simultaneously. Basal ITV plasma CT levels were below 240 pg/ml in all patients in Group A, however, they were mildly elevated (500 pg/ml) in one of the 12 patients in Group B and moderately elevated (800 pg/ml, 1400 pg/ml) in two of the five patients in Group C. Following provocation, ITV plasma CT levels became markedly elevated in one patient in Group A and in all of the patients in Groups B(2520+/-635 pg/ml) and C (6322+/-2598 pg/ml). Thyroidectomy was performed in patients whose ITV plasma CT level was elevated following provocative testing. Medullary thyroid carcinoma of C-cell hyperplasia were evident either on microscopic (1/1 patient in Group A;9/12 patients in Group B; and 2/5 patients in Group C), or gross (3/12 patients in Group B;3/5 patients in Group C) examination of thyroidectomy specimens. In only one of 14 patients was metastatic MTC noted on histologic examination of resected cervical lymph nodes. Postoperative peripheral plasma CT levels were unchanged from basal and less than 240 pg/ml following provocative testing in all but one patient. The present study then provides definitive evidence that patients at direct risk for familial MTC who have even minimally abnormal responses in peripheral plasma CT following provocative testing generally harbor some stage of a C-cell proliferative disorder. Identification of such individuals with early disease is important because thyroidectomy offers an extremely high cure rate. more...
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Calcitonin and histaminase in C-cell hyperplasia and medullary thyroid carcinoma. A light microscopic and immunohistochemical study.
- Author
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Mendelsohn G, Eggleston JC, Weisburger WR, Gann DS, and Baylin SB
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Hyperplasia metabolism, Hyperplasia pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Thyroid Gland chemistry, Thyroid Neoplasms pathology, Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) analysis, Calcitonin analysis, Thyroid Gland pathology, Thyroid Neoplasms metabolism
- Abstract
The thyroid glands of 13 patients with gross medullary thyroid carcinoma (4 sporadic, 9 familial), 3 patients with clinically occult microscopic carcinoma, and 5 patients with C-cell hyperplasia have been studied using routine light microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques. The morphologic features of the spectrum of C-cell proliferative lesions are reviewed, and the distribution of calcitonin and histaminase in these lesions is compared. Calcitonin production is a property of normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic C cells, and the hormone is present in the majority of tumor cells in medullary carcinoma. In contrast, histaminase is shown to be present only in some cells in medullary carcinoma and not in normal or hyperplastic C cells. We believe that the presence of histaminase in a C-cell proliferative lesion is an atypical phenomenon and indicative of malignancy. more...
- Published
- 1978
6. Relationship of metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma to calcitonin content of pheochromocytomas: an immunohistochemical study.
- Author
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Mendelsohn G, Baylin SB, and Eggleston JC
- Subjects
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms secondary, Adult, Humans, Immunochemistry, Male, Adrenal Gland Neoplasms metabolism, Apudoma metabolism, Calcitonin metabolism, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary metabolism, Pheochromocytoma metabolism, Thyroid Neoplasms
- Abstract
Immunoperoxidase studies have been utilized to investigate further the previously reported presence of immunoassayable calcitonin in pheochromocytoma tissue from some patients with MEN II syndromes. We have been able to demonstrate calcitonin in pheochromocytoma tissue only in two patients with MEN II syndromes in whom the pheochromocytomas contained metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. In both cases, the calcitonin was present only in the medullary carcinoma. We have not been able to demonstrate immunoreactive calcitonin in normal adrenal glands or in pheochromocytomas of other patients with and without MEN syndromes. Adrenal medullary cells and thyroid C cells are both of neural crest origin and both possess APUD characteristics. The presence of calcitonin in medullary thyroid carcinoma cells and not in pheochromocytes has important implications with regard to cellular differentiation and peptide hormone production. more...
- Published
- 1980
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Relationship of tissue carcinoembryonic antigen and calcitonin to tumor virulence in medullary thyroid carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study in early, localized, and virulent disseminated stages of disease.
- Author
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Mendelsohn G, Wells SA Jr, and Baylin SB
- Subjects
- Carcinoma pathology, Carcinoma secondary, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Hyperplasia metabolism, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Thyroid Gland analysis, Thyroid Gland pathology, Thyroid Neoplasms pathology, Calcitonin analysis, Carcinoembryonic Antigen analysis, Carcinoma analysis, Thyroid Neoplasms analysis
- Abstract
The distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and its relationship to calcitonin in early, localized, and disseminated (virulent) medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) have been studied using immunoperoxidase methods. Carcinoembryonic antigen can be demonstrated within C-cells through all stages of progression of MTC. In early disease (C-cell hyperplasia and microscopic carcinoma), CEA, and calcitonin have a similar distribution, being present in virtually every cell. Likewise, calcitonin and CEA have a similar, homogeneous distribution among cells in gross medullary carcinoma confined to the thyroid region. In both primary and metastatic tumors from patients with virulent, disseminated disease there is an inverse relationship between calcitonin and CEA distribution such that CEA expression is retained and frequently present in the greatest amounts in cells which have poor or absent staining for calcitonin, and present in the least amounts where cellular staining for calcitonin is greatest. It is postulated that in MTC expression of CEA (a marker for early epithelial differentiation), in the face of loss of calcitonin (a marker for terminal differentiation/cellular maturity), may reflect a degree of maturation block in tumors from patients with aggressive disease. more...
- Published
- 1984
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The prognostic and biological significance of cellular heterogeneity in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a study of calcitonin, L-dopa decarboxylase, and histaminase.
- Author
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Lippman SM, Mendelsohn G, Trump DL, Wells SA Jr, and Baylin SB
- Subjects
- Adult, Calcitonin blood, Carcinoma pathology, Female, Histocytochemistry, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Liver Neoplasms secondary, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Thyroid Gland cytology, Thyroid Neoplasms pathology, Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) metabolism, Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases metabolism, Calcitonin metabolism, Carcinoma metabolism, Dopa Decarboxylase metabolism, Thyroid Neoplasms metabolism
- Abstract
We evaluated the cellular distribution of calcitonin (CT), L-dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and histaminase [diamine oxidase (DAO)] in 33 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). CT immunostaining was uniform (greater than 90% of the cells) and intense (4+) in lesions from 7 patients with C-cell hyperplasia and 6 with microscopic MTC: conversely, patchy CT staining (less than 40% of the cells) and diminished intensity (1+) were found in metastases from 8 patients who died of virulent disease. In 17 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for macroscopic cervical MTC with no evidence distant metastases, CT staining was intense (3-4+) and homogeneous (greater than 90%) in 11 subjects who were well 0.5-16 yr postoperatively. Six patients with similar clinical presentations had heterogeneous staining for CT in primary tumor (less than 40% of the cells; 1-2+ intensity); 5 died of disseminated MTC 0.5-5 yr postoperatively (P less than 0.001). Biochemical studies of distant metastases revealed an inverse relationship between the distribution of CT and that of both relationship between the distribution of CT and that of both DDC (r = 0.71; P less than 0.01) and DAO (r = 0.81; P less than 0.001). We conclude that cellular heterogeneity in MTC tissue is associated with a distinct biochemical pattern, and its presence, whether in a primary or metastatic lesion, indicates a virulent neoplasm associated with a grave prognosis. more...
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Variable content of histaminase, L-dopa decarboxylase and calcitonin in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Biologic and clinical implications.
- Author
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Baylin SB, Weisburger WR, Eggleston JC, Mendelsohn G, Beaven MA, Abeloff MD, and Ettinger DS
- Subjects
- APUD Cells analysis, Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) blood, Carcinoma, Small Cell enzymology, Humans, Levodopa, Liver Neoplasms analysis, Liver Neoplasms enzymology, Lung enzymology, Lung Neoplasms enzymology, Neoplasm Metastasis, Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing) analysis, Calcitonin analysis, Carcinoma, Small Cell analysis, Dopa Decarboxylase analysis, Lung Neoplasms analysis
- Abstract
To ascertain whether the content of endocrine markers is constant in small-cell carcinoma of the lung, levels of three markers of medullary thyroid carcinoma were studied in this tumor. Histaminase was increased in six of six primary tumors (three to 14,000 times), L-dopa decarboxylase in four of six (six to 30 times), and calcitonin in one of one (eight times) over levels in adjacent lung. Marker levels in mediastinal metastases reflected those in primary tumors in four of five patients. However, in four of seven, multiple hepatic metastases contained low to absent levels despite simultaneously high values in chest lesions. Immunohistochemical studies of histaminase revealed that within each primary tumor different cells contained different amounts of the enzyme. Since marker content varied between tumor cells, between primary tumors and between metastases in individual patients we conclude that circulating levels of these three markers cannot be expected necessarily to mirror tumor burden in patients with small-cell lung tumors. more...
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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