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Objective: To preliminarily explore the diagnostic potential of ultrasound (US) in detecting calcium pyrophosphate (CPP) crystal deposits at the hip joint in a cohort of patients with CPP deposition disease (CPPD) who were previously evaluated by conventional radiography (CR) and to assess the sensitivity and specificity as well as the agreement between US and CR in the evaluation of hip CPP crystal deposits., Methods: Fifty consecutive patients with definite CPPD and 40 age/sex/body mass index-matched disease control subjects who had undergone hip CR within the previous 6 months were enrolled. Bilateral hip US examination was carried out to assess the presence of CCP crystal deposits at the acetabular labrum fibrocartilage and at the femoral head's hyaline cartilage. Two independent radiologists evaluated the presence of hip CPP crystal deposits on CR in both groups., Results: US findings indicative of CPP crystal deposits were found in at least 1 hip in 45 of 50 patients with CPPD (90.0%) and in 73 of 100 hips (73.0%). CPP crystal deposits were more frequently found at the acetabular labrum fibrocartilage than at the femoral head's hyaline cartilage (72% and 17% of the hips in patients with CPPD, respectively). US and CR sensitivity was 90% and 86%, whereas US and CR specificity was 85% and 90%, respectively. Total agreement between the US and CR findings was 77.8%., Conclusion: Our results provide new evidence supporting US as a first-line, sensitive, safe, and reliable imaging technique in detecting CPP crystal deposits at the hip level., (© 2018, American College of Rheumatology.)