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Monitoring for the Southwest Gas 2" Steel Main Replacement Project identified two features within AZ T:12:37(ASM)-Casa Buena, and three canal exposures representing two canals (designated at AZ T:12:416 and T:417[ASM]). All feature recording protocols followed those methods set forth in the approved City of Phoenix blanket work plan (Montero and Stubing 2004). ACS’ monitoring for the Southwest Gas 2" Steel Main Replacement Project resulted in the monitoring of 98 new excavations, and the inspection of 52 previous excavations located within the site boundaries and buffer of AZ T:12:37(ASM)-Casa Buena, AZ T:12:256(ASM)-Grand Canal Ruins, and four previously unverified Hohokam canal alignments. The monitoring took place between February 7- April 4, 2012. In total, 41 discontinuous person-days were expended in the field. The fieldwork was conducted under the authority of project-specific permit 2012-065ps and Burial Agreement Case No. 2012-009 issued by ASM. Three canal exposures representing two canals, one compound wall fragment, and one horno were identified by the project. AZ T:12:416(ASM) consists of the two canal exposures representing a previously unplotted Hohokam lateral canal. AZ T:12:417(ASM) consists of a single canal exposure representing a projected Hohokam distribution or main canal. Both of these canals are part of Canal System 2. The results of pollen returned from T:12:417 indicates the presence of maize fields in proximity to the canal; the presence of red ware ceramics in the canal matrix suggests use during the Classic period. The horno and compound wall fragment were both identified during monitoring at T:12:37(ASM)-Casa Buena at the southern portion of the project area. The location of the compound wall indicates that a previously uninvestigated Classic period habitation area. No cultural materials were identified by the monitoring at AZ T:12:256(ASM)-Grand Canal Ruins.

This book presents the results of the archaeological investigations that were conducted along then Light Rail route before and during its construction. As with any project that receives federal funding, METRO was legally required to undertake archaeological investigations along the project corridor; but production of this volume reflects not only METRO's commitment to legal compliance with environmental laws, but also the commitment of the cities of Phoenix, Tempe, and Mesa to preserve and protect the rich prehistoric and historic heritage upon which they are built— a heritage that is reflected in the very name of Phoenix. As a result of our investigations, we encountered a wealth of archaeological materials, investigated 1,049 features, and recovered over a quarter of a million artifacts— not surprising given that the Light Rail route traverses numerous prehistoric villages that were occupied by the Hohokam about 1,000 years ago. While only a very few of these artifacts can be described in this volume, most of them are curated (stored under controlled conditions so they can be preserved for future generations of researchers) at three local museums— Pueblo Grande Museum in Phoenix, the Tempe Historical Museum in Tempe, and the Arizona Museum of Natural History in Mesa. Here we discuss some of the more interesting prehistoric and historic artifacts and features that we found, and relate how their analysis has advanced what we know about the prehistoric and early historic occupations of the Phoenix metropolitan area. This is volume 4 part 1 of the reports for Tracks through Time: Urban Archaeology along the METRO Light Rail Corridor. This report details the artifact research within the excavations. The types of artifacts examined in this report are ceramics, lithics, shells, copper bells, historic resources and artifacts.

Northland has completed cultural resources testing at two parcels. During the project, 83 trenches were mechanically excavated, totaling 1,613.3 meters. Trenches were roughly 20 m long, 65 cm wide, and 1.5 m deep. They were laid out in a checkerboard pattern across both loci, with trenches spaced 40 m apart east-west. This equates to approximately a 1.25 percent subsurface sample of the 20.7 acre project area. Testing confirmed the presence of features associated with Las Canopas (AZ T:12:137[ASM]), a large Hohokam village. In total, Northland identified 141 prehistoric cultural features, including habitation structures, extramural features, irrigation canals, and human burials. Basic descriptive information was collected on the location and distribution of all features identified. All human remains disturbed during testing were documented and removed. During testing, 20 human burial features were encountered. A map of the location of trenches and features was also prepared. The results of the Northland testing project indicate a lengthy prehistoric occupation within the tested parcels. Diagnostic ceramics ranging from the early Pioneer period, ca. A.D. 500 to 750, through late Classic period, ca. A.D. 1300 to 1450 were collected or noted during fieldwork. The temporal and spatial distribution of features across the tested parcels confirms the presence of intact prehistoric features. High densities of subsurface features, including human mortuary features, are present in multiple areas within the project area. Northland recommends that additional cultural resources investigations be conducted prior to any future ground disturbing activities within the project area. Las Canopas is eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places based on its potential to contribute significant information to the prehistory of the region. Results of Northland's testing project indicate numerous additional intact features associated with the site will be encountered by any future ground disturbance activities. Of particular significance, it is highly probable that multiple human burial features remain undisturbed within the parcels. The site contains significant information potential and can address many important research questions pertaining to Hohokam occupation in the area. Indeed, there are few remaining sites in the Phoenix Basin with as much research potential. Therefore, prior to any future ground disturbance, Northland recommends that a research plan and plan of work for data recovery be prepared and implemented.

Data recovery was completed at Pueblo del Rio as specified in the work plan developed after the testing phase. The purpose of the data recovery was to recover sufficient information from the portion of Pueblo del Rio within the EPNG right-of-way to answer general research questions as outlined in the treatment plan and to mitigate the adverse effect of the proposed EPNG undertaking on the cultural resources within the right-of-way. These goals were accomplished. However, the highly disturbed nature of the deposits made interpretation of the investigated features difficult. Additionally, the spatial limits of the project area within the narrow EPNG right-of-way precluded site-wide generalizations.

At the request of U S West Communications (US West), Archaeological Consulting Services, Ltd. (ACS) performed archaeological monitoring along a utility right-of-way. The right-of-way is within the south side access road for the Grand Canal, which passes through the City of Phoenix administered Pueblo Grande National Historic Landmark (Pueblo Grande; AZ U:9:7(ASM)). The canal is administered by the Salt River Project and owned by the Bureau of Reclamation. Limited testing within the right-of-way suggested that subsurface remains were present; with the reduction in the depth of the utility trench, US West attempted to avoid impacting such features. The purpose of the monitoring was to identify any cultural remains and features, to record the features, to collect samples and artifacts, and to halt excavation if human remains were encountered. A canal and roasting pit were exposed in the wall of the manhole pit, the only portion of trench deeper than 2 ft-6 in.

The Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), United States Department of the Interior, was in the initial stages of the Water Management Project designed to bring Central Arizona Project water to the Gila River Indian Community (GRIC). Under terms of a contract signed in 1992 with the GRIC, facilities designed and constructed by Reclamation would deliver 173,000 acre-feet of water annually onto the reservation. Federal law mandates consideration of potential impacts of such projects upon cultural resources and requires that necessary and appropriate steps be taken to mitigate those impacts. In accordance with these laws, Reclamation did a complete inventory of all cultural resources that may fall within the project area. Data resulting from this inventory provided the basis for assessment of the significance of the resources and for the design of plans to mitigate potential impacts to them. Two survey areas in which a water delivery system and associated features (such as dikes) will be constructed were identified by Reclamation. Broad survey areas were defined so the location of eligible sites would be known before specific project design began. In total, 180 sites were identified and recorded during survey. These sites include possible Archaic period materials, a wide range of prehistoric Hohokam site types representing all periods of the Hohokam sequence, possible Protohistoric manifestations, and numerous Historic Pima sites of varying ages. The report consists of two volumes. Volume 1 contains background information; consideration of survey and recording methods; analyses, evaluation, and interpretation of collected data; and recommendations for future treatment of discovered sites. Volume 2 contains site descriptions.

In late August, 1988, Archaeological Research Services, Inc. (ARS) performed a cultural resources survey on lands of the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community for the Arizona Department of Transportation. The survey was undertaken for a project involving the construction of turn lanes. The project area encompassed a 4700 ft x 67 ft construction right-of-way adjacent to the northern edge of SR 87. Five prehistoric habitation sites and one prehistoric canal were identified within the right-of-way. The ceramics and architectural features associated with these sites indicate they were occupied by the Hohokam during the Sedentary and Classic Periods. At the request of the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community, ARS collected all of the surface artifacts from the five habitation sites within the construction right-of-way. A variety of ceramic and lithic artifacts were recovered, as well as some faunal remains and shell artifacts. This study presents an analysis of the surface collections from those five sites, and assesses the content and structure of the archaeological deposits for the portion of each site within the right-of-way. The results of the analysis suggest there were two groups of sites characterized by different artifact assemblages. One group of sites was associated with both Sedentary and Classic Period occupations, while a second group of sites was only associated with the Classic Period occupation of the area. These sites represent a group of agricultural communities that were first occupied during the Sedentary Period, and that grew substantially by Classic Period times. ARS will monitor the proposed turn lane construction for the presence of sub-surface cultural features and remains when the project is undertaken.

The Salt River Project (SRP) and Arizona Public Service Company (APS) constructed three transmission lines along a portion of the Beeline Highway on the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community (SRPMIC). SRP proposed to build a new line that connects the Pinnacle Peak, Brandow, and Papago Buttes substations. At the same time, APS proposed to realign two existing transmission lines and move them out of the Salt River channel and onto the north terrace above the river. Prior to construction, Archaeological Consulting Services Ltd. (ACS) was contracted to perform cultural resource investigations for both the SRP and APS portions of the project. A total of 13 identified sites were evaluated in 1984 as significant and, as such, potentially eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places. Not all of these sites would be affected by the proposed transmission line development however. The recommendations of the studies were: (1) both SRP and APS should work to minimize adverse effects by carefully designing pole and access locations, and (2) a data recovery program to negate any adverse effects of the proposed development project should be prepared and implemented. The data recovery work was performed under the authority of the SRPMIC and an ARPA permit from the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Phoenix Area Office (BIA) (permit No. ACS/SR/PAO/0001A). Artifacts and notes were to be curated by the SRPMIC.

In 1978, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) directed the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) to complete an intensive archaeological survey of the proposed alignment for the Salt-Gila Aqueduct, a feature of the Central Arizona Project. The survey area was 11,115 acres and included the 60 mile-long transmission line (with a typical width of 200 meters), three proposed utility line locations, one flood retention dike location, 11 possible spoil or realignment areas, and a subsidence well. Seventy archaeological sites were recorded during this survey, 25 of which were incorporated into 2 archaeological districts. Following pedestrian survey, the MNA also conducted archaeological testing at selected sites to evaluate their eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Both districts and nearly all of the sites were evaluated as significant because of the scientific data they could be expected to yield. The survey had two general goals: 1) to assess the significance of archaeological resources in the project area and to recommend ways of mitigating adverse impacts to them which might result from construction and 2) to generate and synthesize data that would significantly enhance scientific knowledge about the project area, specifically about the use of the area through time. This report addresses the first goal and provides a plan to mitigate the adverse impacts to NRHP eligible properties that might arise from construction.The synthetic report that addresses the second goal can be found at tDAR ID 53594.

During the period between 27 August and 21 November 1986, the Cultural Resources Management Division (CRMD) of the Arizona State Museum (ASM) conducted a seven-week long program of archaeological testing and data recovery within the Tempe Section of the proposed Outer Loop Freeway System (TSOLFS) corridor in Maricopa County. This program was coordinated through DeLeuw, Cather and Company, consultants to the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) under ADOT Contract 85-14. Archaeological work was conducted under Arizona Antiquity Permit 86-83. The majority of archaeological features documented in the project corridor are associated with the Las Acequias-Los Muertos irrigation system, the largest single irrigation system known from Precolumbian North America. These features, which appear to date from the Hohokam late Colonial through Classic periods (about A.D. 800 to 1400), include numerous canals, field houses, and probable field locations. We were able to document segments of at least 29 prehistoric canals and 1 historic canal, by far the largest sample of Hohokam canals studied within the framework of a single project.

In 1978, the Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation) directed the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA) to complete an intensive archaeological survey of the proposed alignment for the Salt-Gila Aqueduct, a feature of the Central Arizona Project. The survey area was 11,115 acres and included the 60 mile-long transmission line (with a typical width of 200 meters), three proposed utility line locations, one flood retention dike location, 11 possible spoil or realignment areas, and a subsidence well. Seventy archaeological sites were recorded during this survey. Following pedestrian survey, the MNA also conducted archaeological testing at selected sites to evaluate their eligibility for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. The survey had two general goals: 1) to assess the significance of archaeological resources in the project area and to recommend ways of mitigating adverse impacts to them which might result from construction and 2) to generate and synthesize data that would significantly enhance scientific knowledge about the project area, specifically about the use of the area through time. This report addresses the second goal and synthesizes the survey data providing models of aboriginal utilization of riverine and nonriverine resource zones in the study area. The mitigation report that addresses the first goal can be found at tDAR ID 53593.

This document consists of site descriptions for sites located on the Salt River Indian Reservation Lands. Those contributing content to the report include Gerald Bair, Susan B. Belt, Dav Buge, Thomas Cartledge, William G. Holiday, Susanne LaFollette, Minnabell E. Laughlin, Chad Phinney, Erwin R. Ray, Linda Richards, Helen P. Wells, Regge N. Wiseman, Robert York, and Betsy R. Zeligs.