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Background People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have increased incidence and mortality of most cancer types. We hypothesized that the odds of presenting with advanced cancer may vary according to differences in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), that this could contribute to increased all-cause mortality and that sex differences may exist. Methods Data were from Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank, including people with de novo cancer diagnosis (2011–17) and two kidney function tests within 2 years prior to diagnosis to determine baseline eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2). Logistic regression models determined the odds of presenting with advanced cancer by baseline eGFR. Cox proportional hazards models tested associations between baseline eGFRCr and all-cause mortality. Results eGFR <30 was associated with higher odds of presenting with advanced cancer of prostate, breast and female genital organs, but not other cancer sites. Compared with eGFR >75–90, eGFR <30 was associated with greater hazards of all-cause mortality in both sexes, but the association was stronger in females [female: hazard ratio (HR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.56–1.88; male versus female comparison: HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.78–0.99]. Conclusions Lower or higher eGFR was not associated with substantially higher odds of presenting with advanced cancer across most cancer sites, but was associated with reduced survival. A stronger association with all-cause mortality in females compared with males with eGFR <30 is concerning and warrants further scrutiny. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transplant recipients are at high‐risk of anal squamous cell cancer. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and assess characteristics associated with results Methods: We recruited kidney transplant recipients in a single‐center, 2015–2018. Participants completed a clinical questionnaire and received an anal‐swab sent for HPV‐DNA and cytological testing Results: A total of 97 (74%) of 125 recipients approached consented to participate. Participants were median 47 (IQR 40–55) years, 60% male and median 4.5 (IQR.9‐13) months‐since‐transplant. Of 86 assessable samples, at least one HPV genotype was detected in 15 (17%) participants; 1 (1%) HPV16, 8 (9%) other high‐risk HPV. Of 76 assessable cytology samples, 9 (12%) showed evidence of abnormality; 1 (1%) HSIL, 1 (1%) atypical‐squamous‐cells, cannot exclude HSIL. Both HSIL recipients had high‐risk HPV and biopsy confirmed HSIL. High‐risk HPV was detected in six (9%) recipients with normal cytology. History of sexually transmitted infection, and abnormal cervical pap smear in women, was associated with high‐risk HPV and HSIL Conclusions: High‐risk HPV and HSIL testing may identify kidney transplant recipients at higher risk of anal cancer. Longitudinal studies are needed to describe the natural history of anal cancer in transplant recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]