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Patients diagnosed with hematology malignancy and solid tumor who underwent chemotherapy, frequently encountered hepatitis B reactivation. Patients with blood cancer, including lymphoma, had higher risk of reactivation compared to those with solid tumor. Steroid and immunosuppressant drugs contained in chemotherapy regimens were responsible for those events. Hepatitis B reactivation during chemotherapy treatment could contribute to acute liver failure and increase mortality. Administration of analog nucleoside therapy in this group of patient prior to the initiation of chemotherapy could prevent reactivation of hepatitis B. A 43 year-old male patient were diagnosed with diffuse large B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma stadium II BE (oropharynx) under chemotherapy and had hepatitis B. In this evidence based case report, we reported a critical appraisal of the role of lamivudine as preemptive therapy in blood cancer and solid tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Low muscle mass is one of the prognostic factor that may lead to negative outcome and is the major feature of cancer cachexia, including breast cancer. Sarcopenia is associated with reduced quality of life (QoL) and survival. There is limited data reported about this association. The aim of this study is to know the comparison between low muscle mass and Quality of Life in Indonesian Breast Cancer Patients. Methods The data was collected using cross-sectional Method from October 2018- February 2019. Patients who had breast cancer and have underwent chemotherapy are included in this study and evaluated using BR-23 questionnaire, and Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) to assess their muscle mass with the cut-off of 5.7 kg/m2. the comparison between both lower muscle mass and higher muscle mass to QoL are evaluated using t-test in SPSS version 24.0. Result From 36 patients with mean age 48.28 +- 9.8 , median muscle mass is 5.92 ranged from 4.48 to 8.32. Patient with low muscle mass had functional mean of QoL 54.55% +-8.45 and symptoms mean of QoL 85.34% +- 3.09. while Patient with normal muscle mass had functional mean of QoL 56.02% +-8.8 and symptoms mean of QoL 86.51+-12.05. The Association between muscle mass and QoL is defined as p-value of 0.658. Conclusion Patients with low muscle mass have lower QoL, whereas patient with high muscle mass have better QoL. However, muscle mass association to quality of life is still unclear. Thus, further study with greater sample is needed to confirm the result [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background As of 2012¸ breast cancer accounts for 59% prevalence rate in Asia. The WHO identifies breast cancer as leading cancer in Indonesian women with 48.998 cases in 2014 with 48.9% incidence rate as well as 21.4% mortality rate out of 92.220 total deaths caused by cancers. Based on a research done in the UŞ initial diagnosis has evoked a state of shocķ fear and disbelief for the patients. Most women experience at least some psychosocial distress during the course of their breast cancer diagnosis. Even after appropriate treatments, 18% of women had posttraumatic stress symptomş many reported lymphedema (27%) and numbness (20%) as persistent problems. This contributed to significant psychosocial distress that can interfere with functioning which makes it necessary to assess the QoL within Indonesian femalés breast cancer patients. Objective The objective of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of the EORTC QLQ-BR23 to assess the health-related quality of life of women with breast cancer in Indonesia. Methods The QLQ-BR23 questionnaire were distributed to 25 breast cancer patients in the Oncology Department of Siloam General Hospitaļ Karawaci¸ Tangerang. Data were collected using Microsoft Excel 2016 and was analyzed using SPSS 21.0 with descriptive statistic and pearson correlation statistics. Results Kolmogorov¯Smirnov test and Shapiro¯Wilk test for age showed results > 0.05 which indicates a normal distribution. Howeveŗ item statistics for Blr, SFr, Ser, FPr, STSEr, BSr, ASr and UHLr all showed a relatively low Cronbach's Alpha (<0.70) ranging from 0.378 to 0.56 which implies a low internal reliability. Conclusions In generaļ the findings of this study indicated that the Indonesian version of QLQ-BR23 validation that we did has not met the hypothesis and expected results. Further study is needed to achieve more reliable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chemotherapy, as treatment, may responsible for undesired side effects, such as sarcopenia and chemotherapy toxicity. Based on the previous study, slow muscle mass may increase hematological toxicity and decrease response of chemotherapy effectiveness. The reported data about hematological chemotherapy toxicity and low muscle mass in Indonesian breast cancer patients is very limited thus the aim of this study to find out the prevalence and association between them. Methods This was cross-sectional study, conducted in our general hospital at Tangerang, Indonesia. Muscle mass was measured using Bio Impedance analysis. The first step, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria is used to count muscle mass cut-off in Indonesian population by height-based muscle mass. AWGS recommends to define low muscle mass as below the mean minus 2 standard deviation. The second step, blood sample from breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were taken consecutively. The cut-off for defining anemia is hemoglobin <12g/dL; leukopenia is leukocyte count <5.000/mm3, and thrombocytopenia is < 150.000/mm3. The Chi Square analysis was used to see the association. Results The first step of the study included 137 young adult women. Cut off point of muscle mass in Indonesian female was 4.781 kg/m2. The second step, a total of 36 breast cancer patients with mean age 48.08±9.73 were included. Anemia was found in 20 (54%) subjects, leukopenia in 2 (5.5%) subjects, thrombocytopenia in 1 (2.7%) subject. In this study, patient with low muscle mass only found in 1 of 37 patients. Conclusion Cut-off muscle mass for Indonesian female is 4.781kg/m2, lower than AWGS standard. There is no statistically significant between low muscle mass and hematological toxicity in breast cancer patient. Further study needs to be evaluated in bigger population to confirm this result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Breast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer in Indonesian women. To overcome psychosocial concerns due to treatment, breast cancer patients rely on coping mechanisms and social support. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the association of social support and coping strategies in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods A cross-sectional study is conducted at our general Hospital in Tangerang from October 2018-February 2019. The data sample is breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support questionnaire which assessed social support. Cancer Coping Questionnaire (CCQ-21) is used to classify coping mechanisms. The data were presented using descriptive statistics and analyzed with Chi-square test using SPSS version 24.0 Result This study enrolled 36 breast cancer patients with a mean age of 49.93 (29-73) ±11.473 years old. Among them, 41.4% received moderate support while 58.6% received high social support from family members. Meanwhile, 68.9% received moderate support and 31.1% received high support from friends. From other forms of social support, 44.8% received moderate support while 55.1% received high support. The total social Result makes of 62.1% moderate social support and 37.9% high social support. For coping mechanisms, 65.5% had adaptive coping mechanisms and 34.5% had maladaptive coping mechanisms. 9 of the patients received moderate support but maladaptive, while 11 others had adaptive coping mechanism. The rest received high social support with 2 maladaptive and 14 adaptive coping. (p -value=0.039) Conclusion Social support in breast cancer patients in Indonesia is moderate and most of it comes from family members. With most patients used adaptive coping paired with high social support. A deeper study is required to confirm the Results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women. The diagnosis and treatments can cause distress among patients. Social support plays an important role in helping patients. However, the study between this correlation is still limited. Thus, the aim of this study is to know the correlation between social support given and its psychological effects on breast cancer patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was done in our general hospital from October 2018-February 2019. The patients included in this study are breast cancer patients and have undergone mastectomy and adjuvant therapy. Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support questionnaire has 4 parts, social support from other people, family, friends, and total scores. The score range is low(1-2.9); moderate(3-5); and high(5-7). The psychological aspect was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale with total score of 21, where 0-7 is normal, 8-10 is the borderline, and 11-21 means anxiety or depression is present. The correlation between variables was analysed with Spearman correlation. Results 36 breast cancer patients with a mean age of 49.93±11.473, the Results for social support show family support´s median is 3(2-3), friends support´s median is 2(2-3), other people support´s median is 3(2-3), and the total median is 2(2-3). Results for anxiety are 55.1% normal, 27.5% in borderline, and 17.24% with anxiety. Results for depression are 65.5% normal, 31% in the borderline, and 3.4% with depression. The correlation between total support and anxiety is r =0.151 (p -value=0.379). While it´s correlation with depression is shown with r =0.173 (p -value=0.312). Conclusion There is no correlation between social support given with its psychological effects. There are many factors that may affect breast cancer patients psychologically. Further study needs to be done with more variables and samples to get more reliable Results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cancer patients with low performance status (PS) will have worst survival than patients with good PS. In elderly patients with low PS have lower quality of life (QoL) score. The study between PS and QoL in breast cancer patients is still limited. The purpose of this research is to find correlation between the QoL and PS in breast cancer patients. Method A cross-sectional study was done in our general hospital starting from October 2018 until February 2019. The patients included are those diagnosed with breast cancer and have undergone chemotherapy. QoL is assessed using Breast 23 (BR23) questionnaire which evaluates the functional and symptoms scale of the patient, 0% is the worst function and most symptoms and 100% is the best function and no symptoms. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) was used to assess the patient´s PS. The ECOG has a scoring system (0-5) which 0 defines as fully active and 5 as dead. The correlation between both variables was analyzed with spearman using SPSS version 24.0. Result From 34 patients with mean age 47.09±9.268, have mean symptoms 55.51±8.36 and mean functional 86.22±11.29. The PS data showed 50% of the patients are fully active. BR23 score mean symptoms 57.1%±9.17% and mean functional 90.78%±8.06% was found in fully active patients. Meanwhile, BR23 score with mean symptoms 53.92%±7.4% and mean functional 81.66%±12.4% was found in patients with restriction (p-value=0.016). Conclusion There is significant association between PS and QoL in breast cancer patients. Fully active patients have better QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cancer pain in breast cancer patients is under-diagnosed and under-treated, as it rarely happens. Cancer management can cause physical and psychological changes. The two most common problems are anxiety and depression. A few studies have shown that psychological problems are related to cancer pain, but it is not clear to what extent the pain affects them. Therefore, the aim of this study is to know the correlation between cancer pain and psychological aspect in breast cancer patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was done at our general hospital, from October 2018-February 2019. The sample is breast cancer patients that have undergone mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Brief Pain Inventory and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire were used to evaluate the patients. BPI score ranges from 1, pain does not interfere with daily life, to 10, pain interferes. HADS has a total score of 21, where 0-7 is normal, 8-10 is the borderline, and 11-21 means anxiety and/or depression is present. Baseline characteristics were presented using descriptive statistics. Correlation between both variables were analysed with Spearman correlation. Results 36 breast cancer patients, with a mean age of 50.19 ± 11.089 years old, were included. Median pain on general activity, mood, walking, working, sleeping, relaxing, and interacting is 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, and 1, consecutively, with a median of 1.29 (1-7.57). From 19 patients, 47.2% patients have no anxiety, 30.6% patients on borderline, and 22.2% patients have anxiety. Meanwhile, 66.7% patients have no depression, 30.6% patients on borderline, and 2.8% patients with depression. Correlation between pain and anxiety is r =0.425 (p -value=0.069), while between pain and depression is r =0.229 (p -value=0.265). Conclusion There is no correlation between cancer pain and psychological health problems. Further study with greater sample size is needed to confirm the Result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Cancer patients (including Breast Cancer) are faced with health problems and chemotherapy side effects, that can cause psychological problems (anxiety and depression). Coping mechanism (CM) helps prevent psychological problems. Patients can develop adaptive or maladaptive CM. The aim of the study is to evaluate the correlation between CM and the psychological problems in breast cancer patients. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in General Hospital in Tangerang, from October 2018-February 2019. The samples are breast cancer patients that have undergone mastectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. Data were collected using Cancer Coping Questionnaire (CCQ-21) and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale. Baseline characteristics were presented using descriptive statistics. Correlation between both variables was analyzed with Somerśd using SPSS version 24.0. Result Samples are 29 breast cancer patients with a mean age of 49.93 ±11.473. 19 (65.5%) had adaptive CM, and 10 (34.5%) had maladaptive CM. Out of 19 patients with adaptive CM, 47.4% do not have anxiety, 26.3% in borderline, and 26.3% had anxiety; while, 57.9% do not have depression, 42.1% are in borderline, and none had depression. Out of 10 patients with maladaptive CM, 60% do not have anxiety, 30% in borderline, and 10% had anxiety; meanwhile, 80% do not have depression, 10% is in borderline, and 10% had depression. The correlation between CM and anxiety is r = 0.358 (p -value =0.356). The correlation between CM and depression is r =0.581 (p -value =0.340). Conclusion Most patients with adaptive and maladaptive CM had normal psychological health. Therefore, we can conclude that CM does not correlate with psychological health in breast cancer patients. There are many factors that may affect those problems. It is necessary to include other factors and more sample in order to obtain a more accurate Result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chemotherapy, which still is the first line for Breast Cancer treatment, plays a significant role in the undesirable side effects including Gastrointestinal Chemotherapy Toxicity, such as Nausea, Vomiting. Even though there are a lot of studies which show adequate Quality of Life (QoL), minimum data is reported in Indonesia on breast cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to assess the QoL in the breast cancer patient in Indonesia influenced by GI chemotherapy toxicity. Method A cross-sectional study was done at the general hospital in Tangerang, Indonesia from October 2018- February 2019. The breast cancer patient who has underwent adjuvant chemotherapy is included in this study and assessed using BR23 questionnaire which assess the functional and symptoms scale of the patient, ranged from 0% (worst function and most symptoms) to 100% (the best function and no symptoms) and National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (> 1 consider as toxic). Association between both variables are analysed with Spearmańs correlation using SPSS version 24.0 Result The data was collected from 32 patients with mean age of 47.72 ±9.095. It is found that functional scale mean is 55.47% ± 8.53 and toxicity scale mean is 85.89% ±11.61. 30 patients has experienced no chemotherapy toxicity. The association between Functional QoL and Gastrointestinal Chemotherapy Toxicity is defined as 0.254 with the p -value of 0.161, while the association between Symptoms QoL and Gastrointestinal Chemotherapy Toxicity is defined as - 0.308 with the p -value of 0.08. Conclusion Majority of the patients shows adequate Quality of Life and no experienced any chemotherapy toxicity. the association between QoL and Gastrointestinal Chemotherapy Toxicity is low. Thus, further investigation with greater number of sample is needed to confirm the result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of anemia increases following chemotherapy. Anemia is associated with a decline of quality of life in cancer patients. But there is limited study in breast cancer population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association of anemia and quality of life in breast cancer patients before chemotherapy. Methods The study was done using a cross-sectional Method in our general hospital in Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia from October 2018-March 2019. Breast cancer patients who are yet to receive chemotherapy are included in this study. A blood sample is taken before chemotherapy for hemoglobin (Hb) level assessment with cut-off <12 mg/dL for anemia, and quality of life is assessed using European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer breast cancer specific-quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-BR23) which evaluates the functional and symptoms scale of the patient, 0% is the worst function and most symptoms and 100% is the best function and no symptoms. Association of the two variables are analysed with T-test correlation using SPSS version 24.0 Results From 37 breast cancer patients with mean age 48.08±9.736, anemia is found in 20 (54%) subjects. When assessed with QLQ-BR23, mean functional and mean symptoms scale in anemic patient is 54.27%±8.77% and 83.27%±12.77% respectively. Mean functional and mean symptoms scale in normal patient is 55.64%±7.96% and 89.85%±7.86% respectively (p-value=0.064). Conclusion The association of anemia and quality of life in breast cancer patients before chemotherapy is not clinically significant but further study with a larger sample size is needed to confirm this findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chemotherapy is still the first line treatment for breast cancer patients. Gastrointestinal chemotoxicity such as nausea and vomiting remain as distressing adverse side effects. However, not many data discussed the impact of these side effect on the performance status of the patients. Thus, the aim of the study is to evaluate the Association of gastroenteric chemotoxicity to the performance status of Breast cancer patients. Method A cross-sectional study was done in our general hospital starting from October 2018 until February 2019. The patients included are those diagnosed with breast cancer and have undergone chemotherapy. Chemotherapy toxicity is assessed using the National cancer institute common toxicity criteria (NCI-CTC) with a cut-off above 1 point. and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) was used to assess the patient´s performance status. The ECOG has a scoring system (0-5). Which 0 defines as fully active and 5 as dead. The correlation between both variables was analyzed with spearman using SPSS version 24.0 Result Data are collected from 32 patients with mean age 47.72±9.095. Out of the patients, only 6.2% experienced nausea and vomiting. The performance status data showed 46.9% scored 0, 50% scored 1, and only 3.1% scored 2. The association of these chemotoxicity to the patient´s status performance is less significant with r = 0.223, p-value=0.221 Conclusion Chemotoxicity did not occur in most patient. However patients still tends to have restricted in physically strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out work of a light or sedentary nature. The study resulted in minimum coherence and significance from both variables. Therefore further study with a larger sample size should be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Survival of breast cancer patients who are obese is worse than normal weight or underweight. Gastrointestinal (GI) chemotherapy toxicity is increase in patient with low skeletal mass. Sarcopenia obesity is emerging problem in elderly population, but there is limited data in breast cancer patient. The aim of this study is to evaluate association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and GI chemotherapy toxicity in breast cancer patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was done in our general hospital starting from October 2018 until February 2019. The patients included in this study are those diagnosed with breast cancer and have undergone chemotherapy. Chemotherapy toxicity is assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI CTC) with a cut off above 1 point and BMI is categorised using WHO Asia pacific criteria measured with cut off less than 18.5 as underweight, 18.5-22.9 as normal range, 23-24.9 as at risk and 25-29.9 as Obese 1. The association between BMI and GI chemotherapy toxicity was analysed with Chi-square using SPSS version 24. Results The data collected from 31 patients with mean age of 47.74±9.245. Mean BMI is 23.9±4.11 with underweight 6.3%, normal 46.9% and overweight 9.4%, pre-obese 34.4%, obese type-1 3.1%. NCI CTC Constipation toxicity score 0 (71%), 1 (22.6%), 2 (6.5%). NCI CTC Diarrhoea score 0 (80.6%), 1 (12.9%), 2 (6.5%). 29 patients were reported with no GI toxicity and 2 patients were reported with GI toxicity. No toxicity was reported in 16 patients with normal BMI and 2 toxicity were reported in 15 obese patients (p-value=0.226). Conclusion The association between obesity and GI chemotherapy toxicity is not clinically significant but further study with a larger sample size is needed to confirm this findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]