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The present investigation was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh to elucidate the interrelationship among seven biochemical traits and fruit yield and to estimate the direct and indirect effects of biochemical traits on yield in seventy one genotypes of chilli comprising 54 F1 hybrids, 15 parents and two commercial checks. Fruit yield per plant has showed positive, non-significant association with ascorbic acid and capsaicin whereas, it‟s association with oleoresin was negative and significant. The path analysis revealed that the quality parameters viz., ascorbic acid, capsaicin, red and yellow carotenoids had positive direct effect on fruit yield per plant. Among these four, only red and yellow carotenoids have recorded high positive direct effect indicated that direct selection for fruit yield per plant through these traits will be effective.

Seventy one genotypes (54 F1 hybrids, 15 parents and two commercial checks) of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) were evaluated at Horticultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh to carry out the correlation studies between twelve quantitative traits and to estimate the direct and indirect effects of yield attributing traits on yield per plant. The phenotypic and genotypic association of fruit yield per plant was significant and positive with plant height, plant spread, number of fruits per plant and days to fruit maturity indicating the importance of these traits in selection for yield. The path analysis revealed that the direct contribution of number of fruits per plant and average dry fruit weight was high and positive on yield per plant. Whereas, it was moderate, positive for days to fruit maturity and low, positive for fruit length indicated that its true relationship with yield and direct selection based on these traits may be helpful in evolving high yielding genotypes of chilli.

The present investigation was carried out to estimate the magnitude of heterosis over mid parent, better parent and standard checks (Tejaswini and Indam-5) for earliness, fruit yield and yield attributing traits in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) and developed 54 F1 hybrids by crossing nine lines with six testers using line x tester mating design. The 71 genotypes (54 F1's hybrids along with their 15 parents and two standard checks) were evaluated in Randomized Block Design during kharif 2014 - 15 at HRS, Lam farm, Guntur. The analysis of variance for L x T revealed significant differences among the parents and crosses for all the 12 characters studied indicating the presence of wide range of variability among them. Among 54 F1 hybrids, twenty seven, seventeen, two and four hybrids exhibited significant positive heterosis for fruit yield per plant over mid parent, better parent, and standard checks - Tejaswini and Indam-5 respectively and the hybrid LCA 607 x LCA 703-2 registered significant standard positive heterosis (20.99 per cent) followed by LCA 655 x LCA 703-2 (15.09 per cent) over best check Tejaswini. Among the 54 hybrids, the hybrid LCA 355 x LCA 703-2 was found to be superior for plant height, LCA 504 x LCA 703-2 for plant spread, LCA 466 x LCA 678 & LCA 466 x LCA 315 for no. of primary branches per plant and LCA 442 X G4 for days to fruit maturity recorded maximum standard heterosis in desirable direction over best check Tejaswini, while the hybrid LCA 655 x G4 recorded maximum positive heterosis for no. of fruits per plant but inferior to best check Tejaswini. The hybrid LCA 446 x LCA 453 for days to 50 % flowering, LCA 355 x LCA 315 for fruit length, LCA 466 x LCA 453 for fruit diameter, LCA 607 x LCA 453 for average dry fruit weight, LCA 615 x G4 for no. of seeds per fruit and LCA 607 x LCA 705-2 for seed weight registered maximum standard heterosis in desirable direction over best check Indam-5. The identified heterotic hybrids could be further evaluated to exploit the heterosis or utilized in future breeding programmes to obtain desirable segregates for development of superior genotypes.

The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Station, Lam farm, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh during kharif, 2013-14 and 2014-15 to estimate the combining ability effects employing the line x tester mating design with nine lines and six testers. The analysis of variance revealed that significant differences among the parents and crosses for all the 12 characters studied. Six characters viz. fruit yield per plant, plant spread, days to 50% flowering, days to fruit maturity, number of fruits per plant and number of seeds per fruit were exhibited higher magnitude of sca variances than gca variances which revealed that non-additive gene action was played an important role in the inheritance of these trait. According to gca effects, the genotypes LCA-442, LCA-654, LCA-655, LCA-703-2 and LCA-453 found to be promising general combiners for yield and yield components. The sca effects revealed that nine crosses viz., LCA 466 x LCA 705-2, LCA 607 x LCA 703-2, LCA 355 x LCA 678, LCA 504 x LCA 705-2, LCA 446 x LCA 703-2, LCA 615 x LCA 453, LCA 442 x LCA 453, LCA 607 x G4 and LCA 654 x LCA were identified as promising hybrids for fruit yield and it’s yield component characters.

Genetic analysis for quality attributes in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) was studied in four selected crosses (F1) viz. LCA 710 x HC-28, LCA 712 x HC-28, LCA 712 x LCA 710 and LCA 764 x LCA 315 involving five diverse parents at HRS, Lam, Guntur, A.P. during Kharif, 2012-13 and their F2 (Selfing of F1), B1 (F1 x P1), B2 (F1 x P2) were developed during kharif, 2013-14. All the six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) of respective four crosses were evaluated in compact family block design with three replications during kharif, 2014-15 for ascorbic acid, oleoresin, capsaicin, red carotenoids, yellow carotenoids, total carotenoids and total colour value. The data generated was subjected to six generation mean analysis and the results revealed that all the types of gene actions i.e. additive, dominance and interaction components were played an important role in the inheritance of all studied parameters in all four crosses except cross 1 for yellow carotenoids in which interaction components were absent. Maximum number of crosses were exhibited duplicate epistasis while some crosses showed complimentary epistasis which indicating that all the quality attributes can be improved either by pedigree selection, recurrent selection, delayed selection, reciprocal recurrent selection, heterosis breeding, diallel selective mating scheme or bi-parental mating system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was carried out in chilli to study the nature of gene action involved in the expression of plant ideotype at Horticultural Research Station, Lam Farm, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh during kharif, 2013-14 and 2014-15 using generation mean analysis. Three parents viz., LCA 712, LCA 710 and HC-28 were identified with contrasting characters for fruit bearing habit, fruit orientation and branching habit and two crosses viz., LCA 712 x HC-28 and LCA 712 x LCA 710 were generated using these parents. For each cross, six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, B1 and B2) were developed and grown in family block design and the data was subjected to chi-square test. The results revealed that the nature of solitary fruit bearing habit and pendent fruit position was monogenic and dominant whereas the nature of the branching habit was digenic and governed by two gene pairs with dominant suppression epistasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted to estimate the magnitude of heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis for seven biochemical traits in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). A total of 54 F1 hybrids were developed by crossing nine lines with six testers using line (L) x tester (T) fashion design. A total of 71 genotypes (54 F1 hybrids along with their 15 parents and 2 commercial checks) were evaluated using randomized block design during kharif season. Analysis of variance for L X T revealed significant diferences among the parents and crosses for all the seven characters studied indicating the presence of wide range of variability among them. The hybrids LCA 355 X LCA 678, LCA 504 X G4, LCA 654 X G4, LCA 654 X LCA 705-2, LCA 654 X G4, LCA 466 X LCA 453 and LCA 355 X LCA 678 appeared to be promising for ascorbic acid, oleoresin, capsaicin, red carotenoids, yellow carotenoids, total carotenoids and total colour value, respectively, thereby significant heterosis in desirable direction over the best check. Cross LCA 466 X LCA 453 was the most promising hybrid for colour parameters over the best check Indam-5 for red caroteanoids, total carotenoids and total colour value. The identified promising hybrids could be further utilized in future breeding programmes to obtain desirable segregates for development of superior genotypes with quality traits. Key words: Biochemical traits, Capsaicin, Carotenoids, Chilli, Heterosis, Variability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty four F1 hybrids were developed in chilli using Line x Tester mating design with nine lines and six testers at Horticultural Research Station, Lam farm, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh during kharif. Estimates of combining ability effects were calculated for seven biochemical traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the parents, crosses and parents vs. hybrids for all the traits studied indicating the existence of wide variability among the material studied. All the characters exhibited low gca to sca ratio indicated predominance of non-additive gene action in inheritance of all traits studied and improvement can be made through heterosis breeding. Among the parents, the lines LCA 504, LCA 446, LCA 466, LCA 654 and LCA 355 and the testers G4, LCA 678, LCA 453 and LCA 705-2 were found to be good general combiners and among the 54 hybrids, the hybrids LCA 504 x LCA 678, LCA 615 x G4, LCA 655 x LCA 315, LCA 355 x LCA 678, LCA 504 x G4, LCA 504 x LCA 453 and LCA 607 x LCA 703-2 were found to be promising hybrids as they exhibited significant gca and sca effects in desirable direction for most of the quality traits. The resulted promising hybrids may be further tested over locations or seasons and recommended for commercial release and identified good general combiners could be utilized in future chilli breeding programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity among 63 genotypes for ten quantitative and six qualitative characters in chilli at Horticultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Based on hierarchial cluster analysis, the 63 genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters. Among the clusters, cluster II was the largest containing 18 genotypes followed by cluster III with 15 genotypes and cluster VIII had only one genotype. The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster IV and VIII (7941.635) whereas the lowest was observed between cluster VI and VIII (2836.497). The Cluster VII exhibited highest intra cluster distance (614.548) and the lowest was observed in cluster VIII (0.00). The maximum contribution towards genetic divergence was shown by fruit diameter (44.14%) followed by yellow carotenoids (16.90%), red carotenoids (10.45%), ascorbic acid (10.19%) and capsaicin (9.17%). The principal component analysis revealed that first six principal components with eigen value more than one were observed to contribute 76.83 per cent towards the total variability. Among the six principal components, PC1 contributed maximum towards variability (25.06%). Considering diversity pattern and horticultural performance, the genotypes Warangal chapatta, LCA-702, LCA-724, LCA-756, LCA-353 and LCA-716 were identified as promising parents and could be utilized for efficient hybridization in chilli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]