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Resource-based cities are important strategic bases for securing resources in China and have made great contributions to the country's economic development. Long-term extensive resource development has made resource-based cities an important region constraining China from achieving comprehensive low-carbon development. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the low-carbon transition path of resource-based cities for their energy greening, industrial transformation, and high-quality economic development. This study compiled the CO 2 emission inventory of resource-based cities in China from 2005 to 2017, explored the contribution to CO 2 emissions from three perspectives (driver, industry, and city), and predicted the peak of CO 2 emissions in resource-based cities. The results show that resource-based cities contribute 18.4% of the country's GDP and emit 44.4% of the country's CO 2 and that economic growth and CO 2 emissions have not yet been decoupled. The per capita CO 2 emissions and emission intensity of resource-based cities are 1.8 times and 2.4 times higher than the national average, respectively. Economic growth and energy intensity are the biggest drivers and main inhibitors of CO 2 emissions growth. Industrial restructuring has become the biggest inhibitor of CO 2 emissions growth. Based on the different resource endowments, industrial structures, and socio-economic development levels of resource-based cities, we propose differentiated low-carbon transition pathways. This study can provide references for cities to develop differentiated low-carbon development paths under the "double carbon" target., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Constituent entities which make up Russia have wide-ranging powers and are considered as important policymakers and implementers of climate change mitigation. Formulation of CO 2 emission inventories for Russia's constituent entities is the priority step in achieving emission reduction. Russia is the world's largest exporter of oil and gas combined and the fourth biggest CO 2 emitter, so it's efforts in mitigating CO 2 emissions are globally significant in curbing climate change. However, the existing emission inventories only present national CO 2 emissions; the subnational emission details are missing. In addition, the emission factors are not country-specific and energy activity data by fossil energy types and sectors are not sufficiently detailed. In this study, the CO 2 emission inventories of Russia and its 82 constituent entities from 2005 to 2019 are constructed. The emission inventories include energy-related emissions with 89 socio-economic sectors and 17 energy types and process-related emissions. The uniformly formatted emission inventories can be a reference for in-depth analysis of emission characteristics and emission-related studies of Russia., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

• A scenario framework is proposed to explore combined effects of economic structure adjustment and emission efficiency improvement. • The proposed indicator can measure the technical feasibility of achieving the reduction potential. • China's emission intensity can be reduced by 81.39% compared with 2005 levels. • The scenario analysis helps achieve 2030 mitigation pledges and 2060 carbon neutrality. China has committed to decreasing its emission intensity by 60% to 65% by 2030 compared to 2005 levels and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. It is of great importance to evaluate the CO 2 emission reduction potential to quantify the amount of CO 2 emissions that can be less generated and the amount that should be balanced out. Economic structure adjustment and CO 2 emission efficiency improvement will contribute to mitigating CO 2 emissions, which always happen simultaneously in the real world. However, few studies consider these issues simultaneously, which can lead to inaccurate estimation. A scenario analysis framework is proposed to estimate their combined effects, and an indicator is proposed to measure the technical feasibility of achieving the reduction potential. A set of scenarios are designed based on this framework and we find that: (1) to achieve carbon neutrality, 6161.16 Mt of CO 2 emissions of China can be less generated compared to 2017 levels by significantly increasing its tertiary industry share to high-income entities' level and adopting the most advanced technology to improve emission efficiency; the remaining 2732.40 Mt of CO 2 emissions should be removed by carbon offsetting. Regarding emission intensity, 81.39% can be reduced compared with the 2005 level; and (2) Technical feasibility analysis shows Sichuan, Chongqing, and Anhui have the largest technical barriers in achieving the reduction potential. The proposed scenario analysis framework can provide a reference not only for China to achieve the emission mitigation pledges, but for countries with significant technological differences and structure adjustment to formulate mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]