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Excessive energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are long lasting issues and need continuous research to improve efficiency evaluation and performance monitoring of economies. The static and dynamic aspects of efficiency need to be dealt with simultaneously to thoroughly analyze the performance of economies. This paper aims at conducting a static and dynamic analysis of energy and CO 2 emissions efficiency of major economies. In this paper, we applied slacks based model of Tone (2001) with the treatment of undesirable output in objective function and constraint assuming free disposability of undesirable output and built a dashboard. The results can be summarized by saying that the larger economies with intensive production strategy, larger secondary industry, and weaker carbon tax laws are more likely to be inefficient. China, India, and Russia have the greatest potential for improvement in both energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions efficiency. The suggested dashboard has the ability to dig out the potential for efficiency improvement of countries like the USA, which mostly appear at the efficient frontier with other techniques. Concluding it can be suggested that economies in lower ranks of dashboard need stricter policy measures to cut energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and encourage a shift from fossil fuels to other renewable resources of energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Generation expansion planning is defined as the problem of finding the technology type, number of generation units, size, and location of candidate plants within the planning horizon. In the deregulated environment rather than the traditional system which considered the cost minimization as the main objective function in generation expansion planning problem, the major objective is to maximize the Project Lifetime Economic Return. In this paper, the problem is solved considering three objectives, simultaneously (i.e. maximization of the Project Lifetime Economic Return, minimization of CO2 emission, and minimization of the fuel price risk due to the use of non-renewable energy sources). Furthermore, due to the extensive use of renewable energy sources, e.g., onshore wind, offshore wind, solar, etc, the effect of these power plants has been investigated in this paper. In order to make the problem more compatible with the real world, some of the most common incentive systems (i.e. carbon tax, emission trade, quota obligation, and feed-in-tariff) have been considered for the problem formulation. The problem is solved using Modified Normal Boundary Intersection method using General Algebraic Modelling System. Finally, a case study is designed to assess the efficiency of the proposed scheme. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper has established the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to analyze the effect of carbon tax policy on energy consumption and CO2emission in China. The analysis shows that with the increase of CO2mitigation, the level of carbon tax will gradually increase; meanwhile the ad valorem tax rates of coal, petroleum, and natural gas go up as well, and the coal tax rate is the highest among them. In addition, with the increase of CO2emission reductions, the demand for coal, petroleum, natural gas, and thermal power will totally decrease. The demand for coal will drop significantly. The main factor responsible for China’s CO2mitigation is coal. Moreover, the sectors of coal, heavy industries, thermal power, light industries, natural gas, and transportation contribute more to CO2emission reductions, while the other sectors contribute less. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The sustainability of chemical processes depends on three major pillars, namely, economic performance, environmental and social impacts. To design sustainable processes based on renewable sources and/or to compare fuels and technologies in view of their sustainability, a simple 3-D metric has been developed. It involves production and investment costs, the effect of the facility on the generation of jobs, the emissions of carbon dioxide, due to the consumption of energy and water, and their mitigation, due to the production of renewable based commodities and chemicals. The carbon tax is used to normalize the contribution of the use of resources and the substitution of products by the renewable counterparts into an economic basis. The metric is region specific. It can be used as objective function in process synthesis or as an offline tool for sustainability assessment. In this paper, a large number of biofuels, including several processing paths, and processes for the production of chemicals or power from solar and wind have been evaluated using the metric. The results show that the processes that generate a surplus of energy, like FT fuels, are more sustainable because of their emission mitigation potential. Furthermore, water availability determines the sustainability of solar based facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China's emissions continue to rise rapidly in line with its mounting energy consumption, which puts considerable pressure on China to meet its emission reduction commitments. This paper assesses the impacts of CO2 mitigation measures in China during the period from 2010 to 2050 by using a computable general equilibrium method, called AIM/CGE. Results show that renewable energy makes a critical difference in abating emissions during the period from 2010 to 2020. The scenarios with emission trading would drive more emission reductions, whereby the emission-cutting commitment for 2020 would be achieved and emission reductions in 2050 would be more than 57.90%. Meanwhile, the share of non-fossil energy increases significantly and would be more than doubled in 2050 compared with the BAU scenario. A carbon tax would result in a significant decline in emissions in the short term, but would have an adverse effect on economic growth and energy structure improvements. It is also observed that the integrated measures would not only substantially decrease the total emissions, but also improve the energy structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]