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Due to high material density, high energy consumption density and CO 2 emission density, it is not only difficult but significant to clarify the relationship between energy consumption, the CO 2 emission and the production cost in different conditions. However, the previous researches rarely refer how to balance the energy consumption, the CO 2 emission and the production cost after the fluctuation of material, energy and carbon price as well as what will happen to them if production structure changes. Therefore, based on the conservation law of mass and energy, to study iron and steel manufacturing process (ISMP), this paper, taking carbon price into consideration, establishes a muti-optimization model of energy consumption, CO 2 emission and cost. After optimization with different objectives, the production cost per tonne of crude steel is reduced by 192.03 CNY (7.71%), the CO 2 emission per tonne of crude steel is reduced by 224.22 kg (13.37%), and the energy consumption per tonne of steel is reduced by 51.20 kgce (9.10%). Moreover, based on the optimization results under different objectives, it is ironmaking process (coal ratio and ore ratio) and steelmaking process (amount of scrap steel) that has more impact on three above as well as ore blending and coal blending have a great influence on production cost but little effect on energy consumption and CO 2 emission. • The muti-objective optimization model of iron and steel industry is established. • The carbon price is considered during model establishment and analyzing. • The objective with energy consumption, CO 2 emissions and cost are optimized. • The factors affecting cost, energy consumption and CO 2 emission are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving energy efficiency of the iron and steel manufacturing process (ISMP) plays a vital role in saving energy and reducing CO 2 emissions. However, there is currently a lack of research on assessment method and improvement rules of energy efficiency of the ISMP. In addition, the impact of energy efficiency on CO 2 emissions and energy consumption is rarely mentioned in previous studies. To fill this gap, this study establishes an assessment and optimization model of energy efficiency, energy consumption and CO 2 emissions in the ISMP. Taking material parameters, process parameters and reaction conditions as constraints, this study optimizes a practical ISMP with maximizing energy efficiency as the optimization goal, and further analyze energy consumption and CO 2 emissions of typical ISMP. After optimizing, energy efficiency of the ISMP is increased from 64.00% to 68.20%, energy consumption of the ISMP is reduced from 15.76 GJ/t-steel to 12.31 GJ/t-s, and the CO 2 emission of the ISMP is reduced from 1215.2 kg/t-steel to 815.3 kg/t-s. It is found that injected coal ratio of blast furnace, charge structure of blast furnace, iron-steel interface and casting-rolling interface have a greater impact on energy efficiency, energy consumption and CO 2 emission of the ISMP. • The optimization model of energy efficiency of the iron and steel making process is established. • The optimal energy efficiency of a typical steel plant is given. • Energy efficiency, energy consumption and CO 2 emissions are jointly analyzed. • The influencing factors of energy efficiency, energy consumption and CO 2 emission are discussed. • The iron-steel interface and casting-rolling interface are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]