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For the first time, the use of stannate-based sorbents was investigated as high temperature CO2 sorption to evaluate their potential to contribute towards reducing carbon emissions. The sorption capacity and kinetics of commercial tin oxide, sodium, potassium and calcium stannates and lab synthesised potassium stannates were tested using thermogravimetric analysis. Commercial K2SnO3 was found to possess the largest CO2 uptake capacity (2.77 mmol CO2/g or 12.2 wt%) at 700 °C, which is among the highest for potassium sorbents, but the CO2 desorption was not successful. On the contrary, the in-house synthesised K-stannate (K-B) using facile solid-state synthesis outperformed the other sorbents, resulting in a CO2 uptake of 7.3 wt% after 5 min, an adsorption rate (0.016 mg/s) one order of magnitude higher than the other stannates, and stability after 40 cycles. The XRD and XPS analyses showed that K-B contains a mixture of K2SnO3 (76%) and K4SnO4 (21%), while the Scherrer crystal sizes confirmed good resistance to sintering for the potassium stannates. Among the apparent kinetic model tested, the pseudo-second order model was the most suitable to predict the CO2 sorption process of K-B, indicating that chemical adsorption is dominant, while film-diffusion resistance and intra-particle diffusion resistance governed the sorption process in K-B. In summary, this work shows that solid-state synthesised potassium stannate could be an effective sorbent for high temperature separation, and additional work is required to further elucidate its potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO 2 capture and utilisation (CCU) is a promising strategy to effectively mitigate the adverse greenhouse effects caused by CO 2 emissions at an industrial scale. Through a process intensification strategy known as integrated CO 2 capture and utilisation (ICCU), CO 2 capture and catalytic CO 2 conversion can be achieved in a single process with the use of dual function materials (DFMs), which are both CO 2 sorbents and CO 2 conversion catalysts. Given the significantly different operating conditions of ICCU from conventional catalytic CO 2 hydrogenation, the catalytic mechanism of DFMs, especially during CO 2 hydrogenation, needs to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, the relationship between the nature of the Ni/carbonate interfaces and the performance of Ni-based DFMs over ICCU cycles is systematically investigated. A series of Ni/alkaline earth carbonate DFMs were synthesised with varying Ca:Mg ratios to simulate different metal-carbonate model interfaces. At 400 °C, CH 4 formation with nearly 100% CH 4 selectivity was achieved on Ni/CaCO 3 over 15 ICCU cycles. In general, Ni/CaCO 3 interfaces correspond to higher CO 2 conversion and higher CH 4 selectivity than Ni/MgCO 3 interfaces. Such trend may be attributed to the higher surface basicity of CaO and the higher thermal stability of CaCO 3. As a consequence, the hydrogenation of the Ni/CaCO 3 interface proceed via the formate pathway, in which carbonates are consecutively converted to surface formates, methoxyl, methyl species and eventually desorb as methane. This reaction model is applicable to the hydrogenation of both surface carbonate and bulk carbonates, although the former proceeds with much faster kinetics. On the weakly alkaline Ni/MgCO 3 interface, MgCO 3 preferentially decomposes to form gaseous CO 2 , which is subsequently hydrogenated via the reverse-water-gas-shift pathway, with CO as the key reaction intermediate. Interestingly, in situ infrared spectroscopy shows similar surface significant species during the direct hydrogenation of DFMs and during the conventional catalytic hydrogenation of molecular CO 2 , suggesting that the catalytic mechanisms during the two operating regimes are highly correlated. [Display omitted] • Novel Ni/carbonate dual function materials for CO 2 capture and hydrogenation. • Different hydrogenation behaviour and pathway on Ni/CaCO 3 and Ni/MgCO 3 interfaces. • Two reaction regimes proposed during hydrogenation of Ni/CaCO 3. • Suitable basic sites and metal-support interaction favours the hydrogenation. • Correlation between ICCU cycles and those of conventional CO 2 hydrogenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]