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• Treated and non-treated SNS flakes enhanced the mechanical and fracture properties of the cementitious composites. • The SNS strengthening and toughening mechanisms in the cementitious composites are crack bridging and crack deflection. • The SNS induced performance enhancement similar to that of graphene-based materials. This paper examines the mechanical and fracture properties of cementitious composites doped with a new type of 2D bio-nanoplatelets sheets, synthesized from sugar beet pulp waste. The sugar beetroot nanosheets (SNS) were added to the cement pastes at different concentrations. The influence of SNS treatment and water-to-cement (w/c) ratio on the performance of the cementitious composites was elucidated. The experimental results showed that 0.2- wt% and 0.35 were the optimal SNS concentration and w/c ratio for increasing the compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strength, flexural modulus, fracture energy and fracture toughness. These properties were enhanced by as much as 12.15%, 36.87%, 39.91%, 32.69%, 69.01% and 49.06%, respectively. This enhancement was due to crack deflection and crack bridging mechanisms in the cementitious composites as a result of the high specific surface area of SNS and the strong chemical and physical bonding of SNS with the hydration phases. The SNS materials offers strong advantages over graphene-based materials on improving the engineering properties of cementitious materials and reducing their cost and CO 2 emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]