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To achieve the goal of 'Net-zero Europe' by 2050, the European Union (EU) has set up detailed policies in the fields of energy and climate. This paper summarizes the main characteristics of relevant policies in the EU and UK and their implications for China by reviewing these policies in the achievement of the carbon neutrality goal and other goals in the energy and climate fields. The characteristics of these energy and climate policies include: ① Top-down and bottom-up approaches are adopted to distribute the EU' s overall emission reduction targets to member states in accordance with the principle of fairness, and each member state formulates and adjusts its own goals to ensure the realization of the overall goals. ② Detailed transition plans are formulated for the power, industry, transportation, and building sectors; importance is attached to the application of new and renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, and hydrogen energy; specific goals are set concerning coal power transition, nuclear energy development, energy efficiency improvement, carbon capture and storage, electrification, and building renovations; and the importance of energy security in transition planning is stressed. ③ A sound and mature emissions trading system and a fair transition mechanism are established to support the realization of the transition goals, and developing countries are helped to reduce emissions through technical dialogues and climate financing. To reach peak carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality, China should develop relevant roadmaps at national, sectoral, and provincial levels and strengthen R&D of key decarbonization technologies. At the same time, China should enhance its regulatory regime, and improve the carbon emissions trading system, the green financial system, and the just transition mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, integrated energy system (IES) suffers high operating cost due to poor energy saving and low emission reduction and insufficient consumption of renewable energy though wind and solar energy production are abundant. Thus, a low-carbon economic operation model is proposed in this paper. This model combines the characteristics of flexible load on the demand side and operates jointly with combined heat and power (CHP), carbon capture system (CCS), and power to gas (P2G). It considers the combination of source-side scheduling and demand-side scheduling. Finally, the problem is solved using MATLAB/YALMIP to call GUROBI and the interior point method (IPOPT) based on Hessian matrix iteration. The results show that the reasonable scheduling of the flexible load on the demand side realizes the peak load shifting and reduces the peak load regulation pressure of the system. The operation mode of source-side CHP coupled with CCS and P2G improves the utilization of renewable energy and curtails the carbon emission of the system. The proposed model transaction cost and daily operating cost are less than the base case by 61.34% and 50.49%, respectively. • An optimization model of P2G, CCS, and CHP with the flexible load was developed. • Multi-energy coupling relationship in the integrated energy system was analyzed. • Different flexible power and heat load to smooth the load curve were considered. • The operation effects of IES under different operation modes were compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO 2 capture from ambient air can compensate for all CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere, ultimately reducing CO 2 concentrations on a global scale. It has been widely explored. However, additional CO 2 emits when CO 2 -intensive fossil fuels are used to drive the systems of CO 2 capture from air. A replacement of conventional energy by wind energy to power existing systems of CO 2 capture from air is proposed in this paper and its technical feasibility is validated. The intermittency and volatility of wind power supply in seasonal variations are considered when wind power is used to meet the energy requirements for CO 2 capture. Energy requirements for each device in the system of CO 2 capture from air are specified and the characteristics of all devices are also analyzed. In order to investigate how flexible CO 2 capture regarding the variations in wind power supply, an optimal operation model is established. Each device in the system of CO 2 capture is considered as a separate load, thus devices are dispatched separately rather than as a whole to improve the acceptance of fluctuant wind power. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using intermittent and volatile wind power to capture CO 2 from air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]