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Background: The role of sublobar resection in the treatment of pulmonary typical carcinoids is controversial. This study aims to compare long-term outcomes between sublobar and lobar resections in patients with peripheral typical carcinoid., Methods: We retrospectively compared consecutive patients who underwent curative sublobar resection with patients who underwent lobectomy for cT1-3 N0 M0 peripheral pulmonary typical carcinoid in eight centers between 2000 and 2015. Primary outcomes were rates and patterns of recurrence and overall survival. Cox regression modeling was performed to identify factors influencing overall survival and recurrence. Propensity score analysis was done, and overall survival was compared between the two groups., Results: In all, 177 patients were analyzed, consisting of 74 sublobar resections and 103 lobectomies, with a total of 857 person-years of follow-up. The R1 resection rates were 7% and 1% after sublobar resection and lobectomy, respectively (P = .08). One of 5 patients with sublobar R1 resection had recurrence. Recurrence rate was 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.009 to 0.044) per person-year of follow-up after sublobar resection and 0.008 (95% CI: 0.003 to 0.02) after lobectomy (P = .15). Five-year survival rates were 91.7% (95% CI: 78.5% to 96.9%) and 97.4% (95% CI: 90.1% to 99.4%) after sublobar and lobar resection, respectively (P = .08). Extent of resection was not a predictor of recurrence or survival. Propensity score analysis confirmed a similar survival and freedom from recurrence between the two groups., Conclusions: Sublobar resection of peripheral cT1-3 N0 M0 pulmonary typical carcinoid was not associated with worse short- or long-term outcomes compared with lobectomy. In select patients, sublobar resection may be considered for treatment of peripheral typical carcinoids if an R0 resection is obtained., (Copyright © 2019 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: This study aimed to assess the reliability and the validity of a prognostic model of survival recently developed by the European Society of Thoracic Surgery Neuroendocrine Tumor Working Group to predict 5-year overall survival after surgical resection of pulmonary typical carcinoid., Methods: We retrospectively collected data on 240 consecutive patients (164 men, 76 women; median age, 58 years [interquartile range, 47 to 68]) who underwent curative lung resection for pulmonary typical carcinoid in seven centers between 2000 and 2015. For each patient, we calculated the corresponding risk class (A, B, C, D) using the following variables: male, age, previous malignancy, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, peripheral tumor, TNM stage. Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox proportional hazards model were used for the statistical analysis., Results: During a median follow-up of 42 months (interquartile range, 11 to 84), the 5-year overall survival was 94.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 90.2% to 98.2%); 15 of 240 patients died. A significantly decreasing rate of survival was observed from class A to class D (p = 0.004) with rates of 100% (95% CI: 100% to 100%), 96.3% (95% CI: 88.6% to 98.8%), 86.7% (95% CI: 63.0% to 95.7%), and 33.3% (95% CI: 0.9% to 77.4%), respectively, for class A, B, C, and D. This difference persisted also using clinical stage as a variable in the risk class calculation (p = 0.006). No differences were observed in term of overall survival among TNM stage I, II, and III patients (p = 0.94)., Conclusions: This prognostic model of survival is easily applicable, it is validated by our independent cohort, and it appears to stratify better than the traditional TNM staging. Therefore, it may be useful in counseling patients about their outcomes from surgical treatment and in tailoring treatment for high-risk patients., (Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The clinical utility of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS) in pulmonary carcinoids staging is unclear. This study aims to determine the role of FDG-PET and SRS in detecting hilar-mediastinal lymph node metastasis from these tumours., Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 380 patients who underwent lung resection for primary pulmonary carcinoid in seven centres between 2000 and 2015. Patients without nodal sampling ( n  = 78) were excluded. In 302 patients [35% men, median age 58 (interquartile range 47-68) years] the results of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scan, FDG-PET and SRS were analysed and compared to the pathological findings after resection to determine the respective utility of these two nuclear tests., Results: The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value in detecting N1 and N2 disease were respectively 33% and 46%, 93% and 90%, 88% and 95% for computed-tomography-scan, 38% and 60%, 93% and 95%, 88% and 95% for FDG-PET, 22% and 33%, 95% and 98%, 84% and 87% for SRS. The diagnostic accuracy for N1 and N2 disease of CT scan was not significantly different from that of FDG-PET ( P  =   1.0 and P  =   0.37 for N1 and N2 disease respectively) and of SRS ( P  =   0.47 and P  =   0.35 for N1 and N2 disease respectively). The sensitivity and specificity of these imaging tests were also similar when analysed by typical vs atypical histology., Conclusions: CT scan, FDG-PET and SRS showed similar performance in terms of nodal staging for pulmonary carcinoid. These findings suggest that additional nuclear imaging beyond CT scan is not required as long as a lymphadenectomy or nodal sampling is completed at resection., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.)