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SMARCB1/INI1 deficient sinonasal carcinoma is a variant of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC). There is a paucity of literature describing the histomorphological features of this relatively new entity. Herein we describe the histomorphological features of three such cases and review the literature. We retrospectively reviewed the cases of SNUC diagnosed in our institute in the last 6 years. Immunohistochemistry for INI1, NUT & p16 were performed on these cases. Three cases showed loss of INI1. The histomorphology and clinicopathological features of these cases were studied and compared with non INI1 deficient SNUC. A total of 9 cases of SNUC were identified. Three of these cases showed loss of INI1. These three cases had presented with large sinonasal mass and with intracranial extension. Histopathology of these cases showed a diffuse infiltrative pattern, nest, and islands of predominantly basaloid cells with focal rhabdoid morphology. Additional features like small cell carcinoma like pattern, pseudoalveolar and pseudoglandular patterns, clear vacuoles and pseudopapillary appearance were also noted. We conclude that in presence of a mixed pattern of cells with a predominance of basaloid morphology, the possibility of SMARCB1/INI1 deficient sinonasal carcinoma must be strongly suspected and immunohistochemistry for INI1 must be performed. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12105-020-01246-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Malignancy is a disease in which cell division is uncontrolled and prognosis is often poor. Despite recent advances in the felid of medicine the life expectancy after the diagnosis of advanced stages of cancers has high mortality rates . The traditional methods of treatment have low curative effects and high risk of side effects. Further the possibility of re-occurrence is not completely eliminated by any of the conventional methods of treatment. Thus, a technique that affects only the tumour cells without leaving behind any cancer initiator cells must be deviced. Recently genetically modified variants of measles virus were used to cure multiple myeloma .The idea to use of measles virus dates back to 1950’s.Constant research has lead the advent of a branch known as oncolytic virotheraphy . Precise targeting of cancer cells is one of the dominant advantages of cancer therapy through virus and it can be achieved in multiple manners. A few viruses such as exclusively replicating mumps virus, moloney leukemia virus, parvoviruses, reovirus, newcastle disease virus have a natural preference for malignant cells, whereas vesicular stomatitis adenovirus, virus, measles, vaccinia and herpes simplex virus can be adapted or engineered to make them cancer-specific.

Introduction Oral carcinoma is a global health problem. India accounts for one-third of world burden with high prevalence rate of 2.5 million and mortality rate of 5.5 lacs per year. Oral carcinogenesis is a multistage process that frequently involves invasion and metastasis that needs early detection and treatment to improve the overall quality of life. The ability of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) to metastasize to lymph nodes does not always show a relationship with clinical staging. A spectrum of molecular mechanisms is involved in carcinogenesis, where defect in the regulation of apoptosis is assumed to contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of cancer. Apoptosis regulatory genes include the antiapoptotic protein such as B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) gene that might be used as a molecular marker to evaluate the biological behaviour of oral cancer. Aim To evaluate and correlate the Bcl-2 expression in OSCC patients with lymphnode metastasis and without metastasis. Materials and methods The study comprised of 30 samples, 15 cases of metastatic and 15 non-metastatic primary OSCC. All the cases were stained for routine Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), and Bcl-2 antibody by immunohistochemistry. The H&E stained sections were evaluated for Lymphocytic Infiltrate (LI) and Pattern Of Invasion (POI). Bcl-2 stained sections were evaluated for staining intensity and distribution. The differences between the groups were statistically analysed using chi-square test. Results The histopathological parameters, LI and POI did not show any statistical difference between the study groups. Expression of Bcl-2 in OSCC was 33.3% among the study groups, where metastatic group showed a positive expression of 13.3% and 20% in non-metastatic OSCC that did not show statistically significance among the study groups. Conclusion There was no significant difference in the expression of Bcl-2 between the study groups. Apoptosis is regulated by interaction among the Bcl-2 gene family. Hence, evaluation of Bcl-2 along with other apoptotic regulating proteins could define the role in pathogenesis and prognosis of metastatic and non-metastatic OSCC.

Fibroadenoma is the most common benign tumor of the breast in young females. Breast cancer arising within a fibroadenoma is a rare phenomenon. The incidence of carcinoma within a fibroadenoma is reported to be between 0.1% and 0.3% in a screened population, with a peak age of occurrence between the 4th and 5th decade. We present a case of 29-year-old female with ductal carcinoma in situ in a background of fibroadenoma. There is a low percentage of fibroadenomas harboring carcinoma; however, all breast lumps should be seriously managed; extirpation and histological examination is recommended.

This article provides an overview of the pathology of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–associated lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma, highlighting its unique morphology and clinical features. Lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma is a rare neoplasm of the stomach with a better prognosis than conventional adenocarcinoma. Most lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinomas are associated with EBV infection, while a subset is associated with microsatellite instability. Even though there is a very strong association with EBV, its exact role in carcinogenesis still remains to be elucidated in those cancers that harbor EBV. Distinctive histology and demonstration of EBV using in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, or Southern blotting and immunohistochemistry for the DNA mismatch repair genes or polymerase chain reaction analysis of microsatellite loci to assess microsatellite instability helps to make the diagnosis.

The purpose of this study was to develop a rat orthotopic lung tumor model with a solitary intrapulmonary nodule to study the effects of high-dose radiation. A549-Luc non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were implanted into nude rats in the intercostal space between ribs 5 and 6 of the right lung. Bioluminescence and microcomputed tomography (CT) imaging were performed after implantation to confirm the presence of a solitary tumor and to monitor tumor growth. A device using image guidance for localization was developed to facilitate high-precision irradiation in small animals. A pilot irradiation study was performed, and response was assessed by bioluminescence imaging and immunohistochemistry. Radiation response was confirmed through serial bioluminescence imaging, and the strength of the bioluminescence signal was observed to be inversely proportional to dose. Response was also observed by the monoclonal antibody bavituximab, which binds to exposed lipid phosphatidylserine (PS) on tumor vessels. The ability to (1) reproducibly generate solitary tumor nodules in the rat lung, (2) identify and monitor tumor growth by bioluminescence imaging and CT imaging, (3) accurately target these tumors using high doses of radiation, and (4) demonstrate and quantify radiation response using bioluminescence imaging provides significant opportunity to probe the biological mechanisms of high-dose irradiation in preclinical settings.