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Introduction: The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a heterogeneous pathology with important prognostic significance when present. Aim of the study: In this study, we aimed at identifying some of the risk factors influencing the prognosis of CRS patients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 85 patients with heart failure hospitalized in Monzino Cardiology Centre in Milan during a 3-month period. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the MDRD equation (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Results: VO2 max was significantly decreased correspondingly to the decrease of the GFR. Patients with a GFR <30ml/min/l, 73m² had more major risk factors (advanced age, NYHA class 4, anemia, diabetes, BNP> 600pg/ml, VO2max <14ml/kg/min) than the patients with higher GFR. Conclusions: The presence of cardiorenal syndrome is associated with an increased incidence of major cardiovascular risk factors and a poor performance during exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a heterogeneous pathology with important prognostic significance when present. Aim of the study: In this study, we aimed at identifying some of the risk factors influencing the prognosis of CRS patients. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 85 patients with heart failure hospitalized in Monzino Cardiology Centre in Milan during a 3-month period. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the MDRD equation (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Results: VO2 max was significantly decreased correspondingly to the decrease of the GFR. Patients with a GFR <30ml/min/l, 73m² had more major risk factors (advanced age, NYHA class 4, anemia, diabetes, BNP> 600pg/ml, VO2max <14ml/kg/min) than the patients with higher GFR. Conclusions: The presence of cardiorenal syndrome is associated with an increased incidence of major cardiovascular risk factors and a poor performance during exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cardiorenal syndrome (SCR) is a complex syndrome which represents the interaction between the two organs when the dysfunction of one involves the dysfunction of the other. Imaging methods are necessary for the diagnosis and management of the patients with cardiorenal syndrome and they are useful in characterizing the dynamics of cardiac and renal performance, in order to define the interaction between the two systems and to characterize their progress in treatment. In the patients with cardiorenal syndrome, ultrasound provides valuable information on cardiac structure and function and on the acute or chronic nature of kidney disease. Modern imaging techniques are useful in characterizing the status of the two organs damage. These data are integrated with the results of the biological investigations to complete the pathophysiological profile and the evolution of this complex syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cardiorenal syndrome (SCR) is a complex syndrome which represents the interaction between the two organs when the dysfunction of one involves the dysfunction of the other. Imaging methods are necessary for the diagnosis and management of the patients with cardiorenal syndrome and they are useful in characterizing the dynamics of cardiac and renal performance, in order to define the interaction between the two systems and to characterize their progress in treatment. In the patients with cardiorenal syndrome, ultrasound provides valuable information on cardiac structure and function and on the acute or chronic nature of kidney disease. Modern imaging techniques are useful in characterizing the status of the two organs damage. These data are integrated with the results of the biological investigations to complete the pathophysiological profile and the evolution of this complex syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]