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Background Racial disparities in cardiovascular conditions are well documented. Whether similar race-based discrepancies in health outcomes also exist among elderly patients undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for aortic stenosis remains understudied. Methods We abstracted data from the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample over a 20-year period from 2001 to 2020 using specific ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes. We included patients aged ≥ 60 and ≤ 80 years with races recorded as White, African American, or Hispanic at the time of their hospitalization for surgery. We analyzed and reported the baseline characteristics, risk-adjusted inhospital mortality, and complications stratified by race. Results Of 420,181 patients studied, 90.0% identified as White, 4.0% as African American and 6.0% as Hispanic. Despite a decrease in overall in-hospital mortality rates from 3.8% between 2001-2005 to 1.8% between 2016-2020, African Americans had higher odds of all-cause in-hospital deaths compared to Whites (aOR = 1.390, P < 0.001). Additionally, they were more likely to experience cardiogenic shock (aOR = 1.241, P < 0.001) and acute kidney injury (aOR = 1.314, P < 0.001) as well as more likely to require organ support such as IABP use (aOR = 1.336, P < 0.001) or invasive mechanical ventilation (aOR = 1.342, P < 0.001). Interestingly, African Americans were less likely to report events of acute ischemic stroke compared to Whites (aOR = 0.852, P < 0.001). Conclusions Despite a reassuring reduction in overall in-hospital mortality rates of geriatric patients undergoing SAVR for aortic stenosis, racial disparities in health outcomes remain pervasive with minorities more likely to report higher in-hospital morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a letter published in the Annals of Hematology that discusses factors associated with inpatient mortality during daunorubicin and cytarabine induction in adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The authors conducted a study using the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS), which is a large database of hospital records in the USA. They found that several patient characteristics and comorbidities were associated with higher or lower chances of inpatient mortality. Factors such as weekend admissions, cirrhosis, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and age over 60 were associated with higher mortality, while being Hispanic, having a larger bed size, and having diabetes or hypertension were associated with lower mortality. The study also found that complications such as septicemia, acute kidney injury, and cardiogenic shock were common during induction therapy and increased mortality. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: There is a lack of data on the characteristics of teenagers admitted with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Recent studies have hinted that with changes in lifestyle and easier access to substances of abuse, people may be prone to several cardiovascular complications at an earlier age. Material and methods: Our analysis was based on the 2016-2020 National Inpatient Samples. Logistic models allowed us to investigate the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of AMI among teenagers. We explored outcomes and complications such as cardiogenic shock, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and mortality in these patients. Results: A total of 2170 cases of AMI were recorded between 2016 and 2020 (53.3 cases per 100,000 admissions among teenagers). Weekend admissions (26.3% vs. 20.9%, aOR = 1.298, p < 0.001), smokers (15.9% vs. 10.1%, aOR = 1.198, p = 0.007), cannabis users (18.9% vs. 8.4%, aOR = 1.558, p < 0.001), or cocaine users (5.3% vs. 0.6%, aOR = 4.84, p < 0.001) showed increased odds of recording a diagnosis of AMI. Females showed lower odds than males (32.7% vs. 65%, aOR = 0.264, 95% CI: 0.24-0.291, p < 0.001). Admissions were more likely among teenagers with hypertension (9.9% vs. 2.5%, aOR = 3.382, p < 0.001). Those not covered by Medicaid or private insurances were more likely to be admitted for AMI than Medicaid beneficiaries (12.4% vs. 8.2%, aOR = 1.278, p < 0.001). Finally, teenagers classified as Blacks showed higher odds than whites of being admitted for AMI (aOR = 1.37, p < 0.001). A total of 270 (12.5%) deaths were also noted. Conclusions: Various characteristics among teenagers influence their risk for AMI. Further studies and campaigns on educating teenagers about risk factors may provide long-term benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]