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Aim. To evaluate the prevalence of prehypertension and its interrelations with other cardiovascular risk factors in Krasnoyarsk Region population. Material and methods . The present study, conducted in the framework of epidemiological research ESSE-RF, included 1603 people (age 25-64 years) of urban and rural population of the Krasnoyarsk Region. All participants underwent the questionnaire test, office blood pressure measurement, anthropometry, and biochemical blood analysis. Persons with 120-139/80-89 mm Hg blood pressure was subsumed to the prehypertension group. Statistical processing of the results was performed in IBM SPSS v. 22. Differences in prehypertension prevalence were assessed for statistical significance using the Pearson’s chi-squared test. The influence of sociodemographic factors and laboratory parameters was evaluated using logistic regression with the gradual elimination of insignificant factors. Statistical significance was taken into account at p

Aim. Using a representative sample of the Krasnoyarsk Krai population, to evaluate the distribution of the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), logarithmically transformed ratio of molar concentrations of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and to identify possible associations between AIP, various cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic parameters.Material and methods. The study included a random representative sample of 1603 residents of the Krasnoyarsk and Berezovsky rural district aged 25-64 years as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation (ESSE-RF) study. Statistical processing was performed using IBM SPSS v22 and Microsoft Excel 2021 programs. We assessed the prevalence of hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and renal dysfunction in the whole sample and in groups with different risk depending on AIP. Differences between groups were tested by Yates’s chi-squared test and were considered significant at p≤0,05.Results. Depending on AIP value, 73,5% of participants were in the low-risk group (AIP 0,24). The prevalence of prior MI or stroke in the moderate and high-risk group for AIP was significantly higher than in the low-risk group (p=0,024). A regular increase in HTN prevalence was registered from 42,6% in the lowrisk group to 71,4% in the high-risk group for AIP (pConclusion. AIP is a simple additional estimated parameter that characterizes the atherogenic properties of plasma. Based on a cohort of Krasnoyarsk Krai subjects, an elevated level of AIP is associated with an increased prevalence of MI and strokes. Determination of AIP may be especially useful in the case of normal baseline low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.

Aim. To study the prevalence of a combination of two major cardiovascular risk factors, hypertension (HTN) and lipid metabolism disorders, among the Krasnoyarsk Krai population as a whole, as well as among men and women in different age groups.Material and methods. We analyzed the data from a random representative sample of 1603 residents of the Krasnoyarsk city and Berezovsky district aged 25-64 years within the ESSE-RF epidemiological study. Statistical processing was performed using IBMSPSS 22 and Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The proportion of people with hypertension and dyslipidemia and 95% confidence intervals was calculated. The significance of differences in the prevalence of hypertension and dyslipidemia was tested using the chi-squared test with Yates’ correction. Differences were considered significant at p≤0,05.Results. The prevalence of a combination of HTN and any dyslipidemia was 40%, HTN + hypercholesterolemia — 31,6%, HTN + high low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) — 32,3%, HTN + hypertriglyceridemia — 16,4%, HTN + reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) — 10,8%. This characteristic increased with age. The prevalence of a combination of HTN with hypercholesterolemia, with an increased LDL-C level, as well as HTN with any dyslipidemia in women aged 55-64 years was significantly higher than in men.Conclusion. The prevalence of a combination of HTN with any dyslipidemia in the Krasnoyarsk Krai among the adult population aged 25-64 years was 40% and increased with age. In women aged 55-64 years, the prevalence of a combination of HTN with hypercholesterolemia, with an increased LDL-C level, as well as HTN with any dyslipidemia was significantly higher than in men.

Aim . To investigate on the prevalence of hyperuricaemia (HU) among citizens and rural areas inhabitants of Krasnoyarsk region, and to assess possible relation of HU with arterial hypertansion (AH), HU and renal function. Material and methods. The study was done under the framework of ESSE-RF, included 1603 persons of age 25-64, had been selected by the random three-stage stratified selection. All participants underwent questionning, office BP measurement. Uric acid level (UA) was measured with urease method on Architect 8000 (USA) equipment. Statistics was done on IBM SPSS v. 22, StatSoft STATISTICA v. 10 and LibreOffice v. 5. Significance of differences by quantitative criteria was checked with Mann-Whitney criteria, by qualitative criteria — by hi-square. Differences were significant at p

Life quality (LQ) is an integrated parameter of the health, applied for integral characterization of population health, and as the parameter of healthcare interventions effectiveness. Aim. To assess LQ in Russian population at the age 25-64 y. o. in general and in various socio-economical groups using EQ-5D, by the results of ESSE-RF (2012-2013) study. Material and methods. LQ was assessed on representative selections of inhabitants of 13 Russian Federation regions, aged 25-64 (males 8327, females 13497) with response 80%. LQ was assessed via international questionnaire EUROQOL — EQ-5D: 1) no decline; 2) mild decline; 3) significant decline; scoring also performed with visualanalogue scale (VAS). Integral LQ by EUROQOL performed with Shaw JW et al. method (ranging from 0,0 (death) to 1,0 (perfect health)). Result. EQ-5D index of Russian population was 0,87 with no gender difference. By the increase of the age LQ declines. Educational gradient of LQ was significant only in VAS (p

Aim. To assess rate of familiarity and specifics of treatment with statins among the citizens of economically active age with various cardiovascular risk by the data from epidemiological study ESSE-RF (Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in Different Russian Federation Regions). Material and methods. In the work the data from ESSE-RF study was used, of representative selection of non-organized male and female inhabitants aged 25-64 y.o. from 13 regions, investigated during 2012-2014. Responded ~80%. The study included questionning by standard scale that included data on the anamnesis, etc. Lipid profile, including total cholesterol (TC), cholesterol of lipoproteids low and high density were measured at SSRCPM and RSPCC. Results. Analysis of the whole selection showed that 20% of men and 32% of women knew their TC, and 13,6% and 18,2% were even familiar having increased level of TC. Part of those with high and very high risk was 31,3%, incl. men — 42,2%, women — 30,9%. Statins took ~7,0% of patients from this risk category. Effectiveness of treatment (target levels reached of low density cholesterol) in these groups of men and women was 14,4% and 4,8%, respectively. Conclusion. The data obtained in populational study points on insufficient knowledge and low rate of statin treatment of the persons with high and very high cardiovascular risk in RF, which confirms the anxiety provoking data of registries and other studies. The data dictates necessity of development and implementation of specific educational programs for citizens, of physician improvement and availability of cheap but effective lipid-lowering medications.

Aim. To study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components, as well as their relationship with hyperuricemia (HU) in a representative sample of the Krasnoyarsk Krai.Material and methods. As part of a multicenter epidemiological study ESSE-RF, a representative sample of 1603 residents of the Krasnoyarsk Krai aged 25-64 was randomized. All subjects underwent a questionnaire survey, anthropometry, office blood pressure (BP) measurement, determining the levels of blood lipids, plasma glucose and serum uric acid. MS was diagnosed according to the modified NCEP ATP III criteria (2005). Statistical processing was carried out using the software package IBM SPSS v 22.Results. The total prevalence of MS was 26,8%; higher in women than in men (29,4% vs 22,9%). With age, the prevalence of MS significantly increased — from 6,9% in subjects aged 25-34 years to 45,2% in people 55-64 years old. The prevalence of MS was significantly higher among rural residents compared with urban ones (36,8% vs 23,1%). Education level significantly affected prevalence of MS: in people with basic education, MS was found in 35,7%, with secondary — in 30,3%, with higher — in 17,8%. Regression analysis showed that hypertriglyceridemia, blood pressure >130/85 mm Hg and glucose ≥5,6 mmol/l were a significant predictors of HU in all subjects. For men, significant predictors of HU were hypertriglyceridemia and abdominal obesity, and for women — glucose ≥5,6 mmol/l and lipid-lowering therapy.Conclusion. The prevalence of MS in the Krasnoyarsk Krai, according to the modified NCEP ATP III criteria (2005), is 26,8%. MS is more often recorded in women than in men and in rural residents than in urban ones. With an increase in the education level, MS is less common. With age, the prevalence of MS significantly increases. The correlation of HU is not revealed with all the components of MS and has sex differences.

Aim. To study social and economic gradients — educational and occupational statuses, wealth level, behavioral risk factors (FR) in Russian population by the ESSE-RF data. Material and methods. The data for the analysis consisted of representative selections of 13 regions of RF (n=22906) participants of the study, incl. men (n=8353) and women (n=13553) of 25-64 y.o., with response 80%. We calculated the odds ratios for the presence of behavioral FR: smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity (IPA), nonrational food consumption, anxiety and depressive disorders, — in persons from different social and economic groups by education level, type of inhabitation, professional status, wealth level. Results. Higher education was associated with better FR profile, except IPA (negative association) and alcohol consumption (absence of association). "White in general had less FR probability than Blue, excl. IPA and psychoemotional deviations (in men). As for the wealth association with the FR there is backward gradient, i.e. lesser the income, higher the risk of FR presence, excl. IPA and excessive alcohol intake in women. For example, in very wealthy men the odds ratio for depressive states was 3,09 [95% CI 2,08-4,57] comparing to the persons with low income. The type of territory of inhabitance was associated with less behavioral FR in Russian population, as significant associations are found only for depression and excessive salt consumption in both genders and IPA in men. Conclusion. The significant social and economic gradients of behavioral FR prevalence are found, the direction of those is not necessary the same as in European countries. The analysis of association with social and economic parameters would help to develop the directed preventive interventions.

Background To estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of arterial hypertension among adult inhabitants of Krasnoyarsk Krai using the data from Russian multicenter epidemiological study ESSE-RF (Epidemiological Survey of cardiovascular diSEases in different regions of the Russian Federation). Methods The study included 1603 subjects 25 to 64 years old selected by means of systemic multistage stratified randomization among urban and rural inhabitants of Krasnoyarsk Krai recruited between February 2014 and June 2014. Office blood pressure (BP) was measured twice with “Omron” automated BP device on the right arm in the sitting position in presence of medical personnel. Arterial hypertension (HTN) was defined as systolic BP of at least 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of at least 90 mmHg or self-reported previous elevated BP registration or use of antihypertensive treatment. Treatment efficacy was defined as percentage of patients achieved the target BP level among those who received antihypertensive medications, and HTN control as percentage of people achieved the target BP level among all hypertensives. Results The gender distribution was 652 males (39.4%) and 951 females (60.6%). The average level of systolic BP was 133.4 ± 0.5 mmHg, diastolic BP – 82.9 ± 0.3 mmHg. The average prevalence of HTN was estimated at 49.4% and appeared to be higher than similar parameter based on the data of 10 regions from the ESSE-RF study (44%). The average prevalence of HTN was estimated at 56.3% in males and 43.7% in females. The HTN prevalence in rural community was significantly higher in comparison with urban community (63.4 ± 2.4 vs. 44.2 ± 1.5%, p

Aim. To study the prevalence of ischemic heart disease as one of the most common cardiovascular disorders, together with arterial hypertension (AH), diabetes mellitus (DM) and liver diseases (LD) in adult (25-64 y.o.) population of selected RF regions, the variance of those with gender and age, and association of cardiovascular risk factors (FR). Material and methods. Into analysis we included the results of representative selections studies from 13 RF regions, studied according to the program of multicenter study ESSE-RF during the years 2012­2014; totally 21923 patients studied. Investigation included standard questioning, including anamnesis. For statistics we used applied software SAS. Results. In men the prevalence of IHD is associated with the growth of comorbidity from 0 in the age group 25-34 y. to 77% in the age 55-64 y., almost duplicating every decade. For women there is analogic tendency, less prominent. In men there are significant associations only with AH, which increases the risk of IHD 2,5 times, though in women together with AH the associations are significant for LD. Comorbidities with DM do not influence the prevalence of IHD in men and women. At the same time, any association with two diseases increases the risk of IHD >304 times. The most negative is the association of all three diseases, with which IHD is 8,7 times more prevalent, than in their absence. Using multidimensional logistic regression after correction for the age and comorbidity in the patients with IHD of both genders, there are associations revealed of high density cholesterol lipoproteids (HDL) in blood and abdominal obesity. In men there are also positive associations with smoking and negative — with increased cholesterol. Conclusion. Comorbidities of IHD with AH, DM and LD in adult population are common, are associated with the general FR, are increasing with the age. Taking modern tendencies of population ageing, it is plausible to expect an increase of the prevalence of comorbidities, that requires a necessity of the healthcare services to these changes.