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Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused several cardiovascular complications, including acute myocardial infarction (AMI), in infected patients. This study aims to understand the overall trends of AMI among COVID-19 patients during the first two years of the pandemic and the disparities and outcomes between the first and second years. Materials and Methods: The retrospective analysis was conducted via the 2020 and 2021 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database for hospitalizations between April 2020 and December 2021 being analyzed for adults with a primary diagnosis of COVID-19 who experienced events of AMI. A comparison of month-to-month events of AMI and mortality of AMI patients with concomitant COVID-19 was made alongside their respective patient characteristics. Results: Out of 2,541,992 COVID-19 hospitalized patients, 3.55% experienced AMI. The highest rate of AMI was in December 2021 (4.35%). No statistical differences in trends of AMI mortality were noted over the 21 months. AMI cases in 2021 had higher odds of undergoing PCI (aOR 1.627, p < 0.01). They experienced higher risks of acute kidney injury (aOR 1.078, p < 0.01), acute ischemic stroke (aOR 1.215, p < 0.01), cardiac arrest (aOR 1.106, p < 0.01), need for mechanical ventilation (aOR 1.133, p < 0.01), and all-cause mortality (aOR 1.032, 95% CI 1.001-1.064, p = 0.043). Conclusions: The incidence of AMI among COVID-19 patients fluctuated over the 21 months of this study, with a peak in December 2021. COVID-19 patients reporting AMI in 2021 experienced higher overall odds of multiple complications, which could relate to the exhaustive burden of the pandemic in 2021 on healthcare, the changing impact of the virus variants, and the hesitancy of infected patients to seek care.

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that chronic pain is a clinically under-recognised cause for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Up to 30% of patients undergoing surgery report chronic pain, but the impact of pre-existing pain on postoperative cardiovascular outcomes is not known. Chronic pain and cardiovascular dysfunction share fundamental pathological mechanisms. Chronic pain is a modifiable risk factor for perioperative cardiovascular morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pathogenesis of heart disease, oxidative stresses, inflammations, and vascular dysfunction are interconnected components. The goal of the current investigation was to determine how naringin could reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular dysfunction in rats that received LPS. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was injected into a rat's tail vein once a week for 6 weeks in order to establish chronic vascular inflammation and oxidative stress. Endothelial activity was considerably reduced in LPS group animals compared to normal control, as well as endothelial performances were dependently improved by naringin therapy. Nevertheless, there was an augmentation in aortic superoxide dismutase (SOD) function, nitric oxide (NO) concentration, and constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) activity, while reduction in aortic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity. These findings suggest that long-term naringin therapy may help to avoid cardiovascular challenges posed by endothelial dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The inadequate inclusion of sex and gender in medical research has resulted in biased clinical guidance and disparities in knowledge and patient outcomes. Despite efforts by regulatory and funding agencies, opportunities to generate sex-specific knowledge are frequently overlooked. While certain disciplines in cardiovascular medicine have made notable progress, these advances have yet to permeate the literature on perioperative cardiovascular complications in non-cardiac surgery. Prompted by the recent findings on sex-specific perioperative cardiovascular outcomes, this review aims to scope the literature in this field and categorize methodological approaches used to incorporate sex and gender in studies of this patient population. Methods: Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews will be followed in stages elaborated by Levac (2010). A comprehensive search strategy will be used to identify relevant primary research published since 2010. Screening will be performed by independent reviewers using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data will be extracted from full text and supplementary materials of selected articles. Results will be presented as proportions of studies reporting sex and gender, the assigned purpose of these variables in analysis, and where they are reported in the article. In addition, articles will be mapped to the source, country of origin, and year of publication. Narrative summaries will be provided to outline key findings and assess the depth of the literature within each of the major topics (risk assessment/prediction, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and outcomes). Discussion: Increasing recognition of the profound and complex implications of sex and gender in medicine has fuelled calls for greater attention to participation equity, sex-specific analysis and reporting. Focusing on perioperative cardiovascular complications, this review has the potential to identify knowledge gaps for future research, as well as areas of strength that could support formal knowledge synthesis or secondary analysis of data from past research. Scoping review registration: Submitted on August 15th, 2023 (Web of Science osf.io/u25sf) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria, though witnessing a decline in prevalence, remains a global health threat. Despite its primarily recognized impact on the hematological system, recent studies shed light on severe cardiac complications, particularly myocarditis, associated with Plasmodium infections. This review examines the literature on malaria-induced myocarditis to elucidate its mechanisms, clinical manifestations, regional perspectives, treatment outcomes, and diagnostic challenges. A literature search spanning PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified relevant studies up to January 2024, encompassing case reports, cohort studies, clinical trials, and experimental studies. The relationship between severe malaria and myocardial involvement is explored, showcasing elevated biomarkers indicative of myocardial damage. Notably, while Plasmodium falciparum is traditionally linked to malaria-induced myocarditis, instances of Plasmodium vivax contributing to cardiac complications are documented. Regional perspectives reveal diverse cases, emphasizing the importance of considering malaria-induced myocarditis in endemic regions and beyond. Treatment outcomes underscore the efficacy of timely antimalarial therapy, advocating for integrated approaches to patient care. Diagnostic challenges, often complicated by overlapping symptoms with other cardiac conditions, highlight the need for heightened clinical suspicion. Addressing therapeutic challenges involves balancing antimalarial drugs, supportive care, and long-term monitoring. Future research directions are outlined, emphasizing the necessity for understanding host-parasite interactions, elucidating molecular mechanisms, and developing targeted diagnostic tools. This review consolidates the current knowledge on malaria-induced myocarditis, emphasizing the significance of continuous vigilance, research, and improved diagnostic approaches to mitigate the impact of this overlooked complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among diabetic patients. A central pathophysiological mechanism linking T2DM to cardiovascular complications is oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the body's antioxidant defenses. Hyperglycemia in T2DM promotes oxidative stress through various pathways, including the formation of advanced glycation end products, the activation of protein kinase C, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the polyol pathway. These processes enhance ROS generation, leading to endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and the exacerbation of cardiovascular damage. Additionally, oxidative stress disrupts nitric oxide signaling, impairing vasodilation and promoting vasoconstriction, which contributes to vascular complications. This review explores the molecular mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in T2DM. It also examines the potential of lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes and physical activity, in reducing oxidative stress and mitigating cardiovascular risks in this high-risk population. Understanding these mechanisms is critical for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to improve cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haifei Liu,1,2,&ast; Junling Han,3,&ast; Weijie Ni,2 Yuan Lu,2 Xinhui Hu,2 Jing Wang,2 Yan Zhou,2 Ze Wang,4 Jingyuan Cao,1 Hong Liu2 1Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, People’s Republic of China; 3Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225300, People’s Republic of China; 4Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hong Liu; Jingyuan Cao, Email jstzliu@sina.com; caojingyuan1989@163.comObjective: This study evaluated the diagnostic value of plasma Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) levels and the index of cardiac electrophysiological balance (iCEB) in identifying silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study involved patients receiving MHD treatment. Data were collected on coronary angiography performed in our hospital from February 2023 to February 2024. Patients diagnosed with myocardial ischemia via coronary angiography but without obvious symptoms were grouped as the SMI group, while those without SMI were grouped as the control group. Plasma NETs levels were assessed using markers indicative of NETs components including double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), circulating free DNA (cfDNA) and myeloperoxidase, while iCEB (QT/QRS) and electrocardiographic findings were obtained. Additionally, echocardiographic parameters, inflammatory markers, and cardiac biomarkers were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were employed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma NETs levels and iCEB in identifying SMI.Results: A total of 114 patients were included, with 79 participants in the control group and 35 participants in the SMI group. The SMI group exhibited significantly elevated levels of NETs associated components (dsDNA(37.89± 4.55 vs 31.64± 5.32, P< 0.001), cfDNA(11.27± 2.03 vs 8.91± 1.84, P< 0.001), MPO-DNA(23.69± 4.01 vs 17.52± 3.41, P< 0.001)), as well as higher iCEB compared to the control group(56.45± 7.67 vs 45.89± 6.23, P< 0.001). Furthermore, electrocardiography findings, echocardiographic parameters, inflammatory markers, and cardiac biomarkers showed significant differences between the two groups. The ROC analysis demonstrated the potential diagnostic accuracies of NETs levels and iCEB, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.908, sensitivity of 0.987, and specificity of 0.829 for identifying SMI.Conclusion: The study highlights the combined diagnostic value of plasma NETs levels and iCEB in identifying SMI in MHD patients, providing valuable insights into potential early detection and risk stratification strategies for this population.Keywords: silent myocardial ischemia, hemodialysis, neutrophil extracellular traps, index of cardiac electrophysiological balance, diagnostic value, cardiovascular complications

Abstract Malaria, though witnessing a decline in prevalence, remains a global health threat. Despite its primarily recognized impact on the hematological system, recent studies shed light on severe cardiac complications, particularly myocarditis, associated with Plasmodium infections. This review examines the literature on malaria-induced myocarditis to elucidate its mechanisms, clinical manifestations, regional perspectives, treatment outcomes, and diagnostic challenges. A literature search spanning PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified relevant studies up to January 2024, encompassing case reports, cohort studies, clinical trials, and experimental studies. The relationship between severe malaria and myocardial involvement is explored, showcasing elevated biomarkers indicative of myocardial damage. Notably, while Plasmodium falciparum is traditionally linked to malaria-induced myocarditis, instances of Plasmodium vivax contributing to cardiac complications are documented. Regional perspectives reveal diverse cases, emphasizing the importance of considering malaria-induced myocarditis in endemic regions and beyond. Treatment outcomes underscore the efficacy of timely antimalarial therapy, advocating for integrated approaches to patient care. Diagnostic challenges, often complicated by overlapping symptoms with other cardiac conditions, highlight the need for heightened clinical suspicion. Addressing therapeutic challenges involves balancing antimalarial drugs, supportive care, and long-term monitoring. Future research directions are outlined, emphasizing the necessity for understanding host-parasite interactions, elucidating molecular mechanisms, and developing targeted diagnostic tools. This review consolidates the current knowledge on malaria-induced myocarditis, emphasizing the significance of continuous vigilance, research, and improved diagnostic approaches to mitigate the impact of this overlooked complication.

BackgroundRespiratory viruses are linked to cardiovascular complications. We aim to compare cardiovascular complications due to COVID-19, influenza and RSV.MethodsWe analyzed cross-sectional data from hospitalized children and young adults (≤ 20 years) from 2020 and 2021 using National Inpatient Sample (NIS). We included individuals hospitalized for COVID-19, RSV, and influenza, and weighted data were used to compare cardiovascular complications.ResultsOf 212,655 respiratory virus admissions, 85,055 were from COVID-19, 103,185 were from RSV, and 24,415 were from influenza. Myocarditis was higher in COVID-19 [0.9%, n = 740] as compared to influenza [0.2%, n = 55] and RSV [0.1%, n = 65]. In the adjusted logistic regression, the odds of myocarditis was 61% lower in influenza [aOR = 0.39 (0.20-0.76), P = 0.006], and 85% lower in RSV [aOR = 0.15 (0.07-0.34) P

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by metabolic defects, including insulin deficiency and resistance. Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. Conventional treatment methods, though effective, are often challenging, costly, and may lead to systemic side effects. This study explores the potential of nanomedicine applications, specifically Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs), as drug carriers to overcome these limitations. The Materials Institute Lavoisier-89 nanoparticles (nanoMIL-89) have previously demonstrated promise as a drug delivery vehicle for chronic diseases due to their anti-oxidant and cardio-protective properties. In this investigation, nanoMIL-89 was loaded with the anti-diabetic drug metformin (MET), creating MET@nanoMIL-89 formulation. We examined the drug release kinetics of MET@nanoMIL-89 over 96 h and assessed its impact on the viability of various endothelial cells. Furthermore, we investigated the nanoformulation effect on the inflammatory marker CXCL8 in these cells and explored its influence on phosphorylated eNOS, total eNOS, and AKT levels. Our findings indicate that nanoMIL-89 effectively released metformin over 96 h and caused a concentration-dependent reduction in CXCL8 release from endothelial cells. Notably, MET@nanoMIL-89 reduced dihydroethidium levels and increased phosphorylated eNOS, total eNOS, and AKT levels. Our results underscore the potential of nanoMIL-89 as a versatile potential drug delivery platform for anti-diabetic drugs, offering a prospective therapeutic approach for diabetic patients with associated cardiovascular complications.

Abstract Background Respiratory viruses are linked to cardiovascular complications. We aim to compare cardiovascular complications due to COVID-19, influenza and RSV. Methods We analyzed cross-sectional data from hospitalized children and young adults (≤ 20 years) from 2020 and 2021 using National Inpatient Sample (NIS). We included individuals hospitalized for COVID-19, RSV, and influenza, and weighted data were used to compare cardiovascular complications. Results Of 212,655 respiratory virus admissions, 85,055 were from COVID-19, 103,185 were from RSV, and 24,415 were from influenza. Myocarditis was higher in COVID-19 [0.9%, n = 740] as compared to influenza [0.2%, n = 55] and RSV [0.1%, n = 65]. In the adjusted logistic regression, the odds of myocarditis was 61% lower in influenza [aOR = 0.39 (0.20–0.76), P = 0.006], and 85% lower in RSV [aOR = 0.15 (0.07–0.34) P

Background: Extensive surgical procedures play a key role in treatment of various lung diseases. Nevertheless, these complex procedures are associated with a high risk of early postoperative complications.Objective: To evaluate outcomes of the early postoperative period in patients with various lung diseases and determine risk factors for postoperative complications.Material and methods: We analyzed postoperative complications in 377 patients who underwent extensive lung surgery. The mean age was 45.7 ± 5.2 years. The majority of patients (56.0%) had malignant or benign lung tumors. Lobectomy was the most common type of surgery. Pneumonectomy accounted for 26.5%.Results: The overall rate of cardiovascular complications was 8.2%. The highest number of complications was observed after right-sided pneumonectomy (21.7%). Respiratory complications after right-sided pneumonectomy accounted for 34.8%. Lobectomy and bilobectomy had lower rates of complications (4.4% and 6.3%, respectively). The highest number of systemic complications was also recorded after right-sided pneumonectomy (23.9%), whereas lobectomy had a lower risk (4.4%). Patients with primary lung tumors had significantly more complications (32.2%) compared with patients without cancer (10.8%). The main risk factors were male gender (odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.2; P = .032), age ≥60 years (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5-2.6; P = .001), smoking (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2-2.5; P = .019), C-reactive protein level >3 mg/dL (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1-2.7; P = .015) and forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration (FEV1)

Abstract Background Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) poses significant cardiovascular risks, particularly in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate and compare antithrombotic strategies in preventing CAA formation secondary to Kawasaki disease and the ensuing CAA cardiovascular complications. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched major databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI), stenosis, bleeding, occlusion, and coronary artery lesion (CAL) formation were primary outcomes. Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) scores assessed study quality. A meta-analysis, as well as sensitivity analysis and meta-regression, was performed to compare the efficacy of pharmacological strategies on the outcomes. Results The study included 21 studies with 1045 patients for CAA complications and 41536 patients for CAA formation prevention. In children with CAA secondary to Kawasaki disease, the addition of warfarin to aspirin was associated with a significantly lower odds of myocardial infarction (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11–0.60, I2 = 25%) and mortality (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04–0.88, I2 = 0%) compared to aspirin alone. However, there was no significant difference in MACE (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.08–1.93, I2 = 60%) and occlusion (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.02–1.92, I2 = 58%). Sensitivity analysis showed reduced thrombosis (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14–0.62, I2 = 0%), MACE (OR [95% CI] = 0.22[0.06–0.84], I2 = 46%), and occlusion (OR [95% CI] = 0.08[0.02–0.44], I2 = 36%). Meta-regression did not yield significant results. Conclusions As for the acute phase of KD, no benefit was conferred from adding high-dose aspirin to the routine IVIG alone regimen. However, the complexity of outcomes and the diversity in antithrombotic interventions underscore the need for tailored approaches and further research.

Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis exhibit a significantly higher risk of coronary artery calcification (CAC) than age-matched normal individuals, contributing to elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: This study designed to assess the prevalence of CAC in ESRD patients on dialysis and identify associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: Fifty ESRD patients undergoing maintenance dialysis and twenty normal subjects were included in this cross-sectional observational study. Serum calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone were measured in all ESRD patients and normal controls. Multi Row Spiral Computed Tomography was performed to determine CAC scoring (CACS). Results: CACS was significantly higher in ESRD patients compared to normal subjects (mean CACS: 91.4±32.7 vs. 7.75±9.5 Agatston units, P

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by metabolic defects, including insulin deficiency and resistance. Individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications, such as atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. Conventional treatment methods, though effective, are often challenging, costly, and may lead to systemic side effects. This study explores the potential of nanomedicine applications, specifically Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs), as drug carriers to overcome these limitations. The Materials Institute Lavoisier-89 nanoparticles (nanoMIL-89) have previously demonstrated promise as a drug delivery vehicle for chronic diseases due to their anti-oxidant and cardio-protective properties. In this investigation, nanoMIL-89 was loaded with the anti-diabetic drug metformin (MET), creating MET@nanoMIL-89 formulation. We examined the drug release kinetics of MET@nanoMIL-89 over 96 h and assessed its impact on the viability of various endothelial cells. Furthermore, we investigated the nanoformulation effect on the inflammatory marker CXCL8 in these cells and explored its influence on phosphorylated eNOS, total eNOS, and AKT levels. Our findings indicate that nanoMIL-89 effectively released metformin over 96 h and caused a concentration-dependent reduction in CXCL8 release from endothelial cells. Notably, MET@nanoMIL-89 reduced dihydroethidium levels and increased phosphorylated eNOS, total eNOS, and AKT levels. Our results underscore the potential of nanoMIL-89 as a versatile potential drug delivery platform for anti-diabetic drugs, offering a prospective therapeutic approach for diabetic patients with associated cardiovascular complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurological disorders encompass a complex and heterogeneous spectrum of diseases affecting the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system, each presenting unique challenges that extend well beyond primary neurological symptoms. These disorders profoundly impact cardiovascular health, prompting an intensified exploration into the intricate interconnections between the neurological and cardiovascular systems. This review synthesizes current insights and research on cardiovascular comorbidities associated with major neurological conditions, including stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. The cardiovascular sequelae of these neurological disorders are multifactorial. For instance, strokes not only predispose individuals to arrhythmia and heart failure but also exacerbate preexisting cardiovascular risk factors. Similarly, epilepsy is associated with autonomic dysregulation and an elevated risk of sudden cardiac death, underscoring the necessity for vigilant cardiac monitoring in affected individuals. Parkinson's disease manifests with orthostatic hypotension and cardiac sympathetic denervation, significantly contributing to morbidity. Additionally, multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease exhibit cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and heightened cardiovascular risk, underscoring the need for proactive management strategies. Mechanistically, these conditions disrupt autonomic nervous system regulation, induce chronic inflammation, and may share genetic susceptibilities, each contributing to cardiovascular pathology. Effective management of these complexities requires an integrative approach that includes risk factor modification, pharmacotherapy, lifestyle interventions, and comprehensive patient education. Future research directions include identifying novel therapeutic targets, conducting large-scale clinical trials, and investigating genetic biomarkers to individualize treatment strategies. By addressing the multifaceted interactions between neurological disorders and cardiovascular health, healthcare providers can optimize patient care, reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular complications of Brucellosis are not common and affecting less than 2% of cases. In clinical practice, endocarditis is the most frequent cardiovascular complication and is responsible for most of the brucellosis‐related mortality cases and usually diagnosed lately in the course of the disease with mostly aorta valve involvement. In this case report, we present the case of a 27‐year‐old woman who was admitted to the hospital with fever, sudden onset right side hemiparesis, and horizontal gaze palsy. During the stroke work up, she underwent cardiac evaluation, including echocardiography with susceptibility to septic emboli with cardiac origin, and the result indicates presence of vegetations on prosthetic aortic valve suggestive of infective endocarditis. Hopefully our patient responded well to combination of heart surgery and antibrucellosis regimen and was finally discharged with stable general condition. It is important to raise awareness of this rare but potentially serious complication of brucellosis, especially in the endemic area, and to emphasize the value of early diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Increasing number of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and prolonged survival rates of these patients lead to the increase of cancer therapy-related dysfunction (CRTCD) as well. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of subclinical CTRCD in HSCT patients 12 months after HSCT and to assess the impact of clinical factors on the development of CTRCD. The study involved 55 patients who had undergone either autologous or allogeneic HSCT. Echocardiography scans were performed to check the patients' cardiac function before the transplant and again 12 months after. The study revealed that asymptomatic CTRCD was found in 27.3% of the patients 12 months after HSCT. The BEAM chemotherapy conditioning protocol following prior anthracycline use were identified as factors contributing to the development of CTRCD, therefore, these patients should undergo closer follow-up and start cardioprotective treatment when indicated. Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a potentially curative procedure that is used in various hematological malignancies. However, among an increasing number of HSCT, the amount of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is increasing as well. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of subclinical CTRCD in HSCT patients 12 months after HSCT and to assess the impact of clinical factors on the development of CTRCD. Material and Methods: We included 55 patients who underwent autologous or allogeneic HSCT. The patients were assessed using an echocardiography method before and 12 months after a HSCT procedure. Results: Our study revealed that during the 12-month follow-up period, asymptomatic CTRCD was observed in 15 patients (27.3%), 6 experienced moderate CTRCD, and 9 experienced mild CTRCD. Patients with previous use of anthracyclines tended to have CTRCD more often: nine patients (60%) in the CTRCD group and nine patients (22.5%) in non-CTRCD group. Patients who received the BEAM regimen for conditioning also experienced CTRCD more often: five patients (33.3%) in CTRCD group vs. two patients (5%) in the non-CTRCD group. Conclusions: Our study showed that asymptomatic CTRCD was found in 27.3% of the patients 12 months after HSCT. The BEAM chemotherapy conditioning protocol following prior anthracycline use were identified as factors contributing to the development of CTRCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) poses significant cardiovascular risks, particularly in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate and compare antithrombotic strategies in preventing CAA formation secondary to Kawasaki disease and the ensuing CAA cardiovascular complications. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically searched major databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI), stenosis, bleeding, occlusion, and coronary artery lesion (CAL) formation were primary outcomes. Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) scores assessed study quality. A meta-analysis, as well as sensitivity analysis and meta-regression, was performed to compare the efficacy of pharmacological strategies on the outcomes. Results: The study included 21 studies with 1045 patients for CAA complications and 41536 patients for CAA formation prevention. In children with CAA secondary to Kawasaki disease, the addition of warfarin to aspirin was associated with a significantly lower odds of myocardial infarction (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11–0.60, I2 = 25%) and mortality (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04–0.88, I2 = 0%) compared to aspirin alone. However, there was no significant difference in MACE (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.08–1.93, I2 = 60%) and occlusion (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.02–1.92, I2 = 58%). Sensitivity analysis showed reduced thrombosis (OR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.14–0.62, I2 = 0%), MACE (OR [95% CI] = 0.22[0.06–0.84], I2 = 46%), and occlusion (OR [95% CI] = 0.08[0.02–0.44], I2 = 36%). Meta-regression did not yield significant results. Conclusions: As for the acute phase of KD, no benefit was conferred from adding high-dose aspirin to the routine IVIG alone regimen. However, the complexity of outcomes and the diversity in antithrombotic interventions underscore the need for tailored approaches and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin exert their effects by inhibiting sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), which inhibits glucose absorption from renal tubules. This class of drugs has also been demonstrated in studies to be protective against cardiovascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Even in cases without T2DM, they have clinical utility due to their cardioprotective effects. The effects of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin on cardiovascular disorders remain incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small, non-coding RNA molecules that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular damage. miRNA expressions increase or decrease due to hyperglycemia and oxidative stress that occur in T2DM. This study intended to explore the SGLT2 inhibitor effects on miR-133a expressions in diabetic heart tissue by establishing a streptozotocin (STZ)/nicotinamide (NA)-induced diabetic rat model. Also, antioxidant activities were investigated in the heart and aorta tissue. Male-female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with NA (100 mg/kg) and STZ (55 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (i.p.) respectively. One week after induction T2DM, treatments were carried out for four weeks. At the and of the treatment, the heart and thoracic aortic tissues of rats were removed. In the heart tissue glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxides (LPO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and in the aorta tissue GSH and LPO levels were determined by fluorences method. miR-133a expression changes were assessed in the heart tissue by RT-PCR analyses. According to our results, dapagliflozin showed an antioxidant effect by increasing GSH levels in the heart (p<0.01) and aorta tissue more than empagliflozin. miR-133a expressions increased in the T2DM group and decreased in the EMPA (p<0.05) and DAPA groups (p<0.01). Studies on miR-133a expressions in different diabetes models are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this current state, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is more prevalent in the population, and metformin is used as a first-line medication for treating it, but gradually prevalence and incident rate of T2DM is increased. There was an upsurge in the utilization of alternative therapies in managing of diabetes. Especially in diabetes, Herbal medicines are considered safe and reliable by the majority of the population. This research aims to estimate the safety and efficacy of poly herbal metabolite compounds of Cresvin beta capsules in adults with T2DM. Methods: In this study, 60 T2DM patients aged 18-60 years were randomly assigned to Groups A (30), receiving Metformin 500 mg twice a day after food, and Group B (30), receiving Cresvin beta capsule 500 mg twice a day, after food in a prospective, randomized and open-label clinical study. The in-silico simulation study was performed on selected plants major compounds on target protein Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (1K3A). Results: The Cresvin beta is found to be safe and effective in the management of T2DM. The FBS, PPBS and HbA1c were significantly lowered (p<0.001) in post-treatment in both the Metformin and Cresvin beta capsules. Similarly, the levels of IGF1, adiponectin, EL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α showed significant alteration (p<0.001) after the treatment. The alterations found in the post-treatment results of Cresvin beta, including the reduced levels of creatinine and triglycerides, express the efficacy. Conclusion: The research results conclude, that the Cresvin beta capsule would be one of the suitable choices for increasing the efficacy in the management of diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Hypertension is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts cardiovascular health. The rhythmicity of arterial blood pressure (BP) can vary based on climatic conditions, potentially influencing the severity and outcomes of hypertensive complications. The study aims to assess the characteristics of arterial blood pressure rhythmicity in hypertensive patients and their influence on the structural parameters of the left ventricle of the heart in both temperate and subarctic regions of Russia. Methods The study encompassed 600 randomly selected patients with arterial hypertension, categorized into two groups based on their geographic location: Group 1 comprised patients from Moscow and the Moscow region, while Group 2 included patients from the Kamchatka region. Comprehensive assessments, including cardiovascular ultrasound, Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE 2 2), and the Framingham Risk Scale, were conducted for all participants. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Student's t-test for comparing means, Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric data, and Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses. P-values were calculated to assess statistical significance, with a threshold set at P < 0.05. Results. Notably, 49% of patients residing in the subarctic region exhibited an inadequate nocturnal BP reduction (<10%). These nondipping ABPM patterns were associated with increased diastolic BP variability and elevated Double Product (systolic BP x heart rate) compared to those with normal dipping. Furthermore, the non-dipping ABPM pattern observed in subarctic region residents demonstrated notable correlations with cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions. The study reveals that patients in the subarctic region exhibit a higher prevalence of non-dipping blood pressure patterns, which is associated with increased diastolic blood pressure variability, higher nighttime blood pressure levels, and a greater incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. These findings highlight the need for tailored diagnostic and treatment approaches to address the unique cardiovascular risks associated with different climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This review aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and cardiovascular (CV) complications in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (IAD). Recent Findings: Despite recent improvements in the management of IAD, patients with IAD still have an increased CV mortality and CV complications, mostly related to CV risk factors such as hypertension and inflammation. Summary: We systematically searched MEDLINE and EMBASE libraries for controlled studies involving hypertension and CV complications in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriasis including psoriatic arthritis (PsA), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) between January 2000 and March 2022. We extracted data on the prevalence of hypertension and CV complications. Then, random-effects meta-analyses and exploratory multivariate meta-regression were performed to explore factors related to the prevalence of hypertension. Of 2726 studies screened, 122 were selected for the meta-analysis. The prevalence of hypertension was higher among patients with IAD than controls, with an overall unadjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval] of 1.67 [1.58–1.76] and an adjusted OR of 1.36 [1.24–1.50]. All diseases were found to be associated with increased risk of hypertension: SLE, adjusted OR 3.40 [1.93–6.00]; psoriasis, OR 1.32 [1.16–1.51]; PsA, OR 1.49 [1.15–1.94]; RA, OR 1.28 [1.04–1.58]; SS, OR 2.02 [1.19–3.44]. Age and female sex were significantly associated with hypertension in patients with IAD. The risk of CV complications was increased: ischemic heart disease, adjusted OR 1.38 [1.21–1.57]; cerebrovascular disease, OR 1.37 [1.03–1.81]; heart failure, OR 1.28 [1.05–1.55]; atherosclerotic plaques presence, OR 2.46 [1.84–3.29]. The prevalence of hypertension and CV complications is higher among patients with IAD. Screening and management of hypertension appears to be of paramount importance in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: This case report highlights dilated cardiomyopathy as a cardiovascular complication in autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS‐1), emphasizing the need for early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach. Comprehensive care and regular follow‐up are crucial in managing these atypical presentations to optimize patient outcomes. APS‐1, also known as Whitaker syndrome, is characterized by a triad of mucocutaneous candidiasis, adrenal insufficiency, and hypoparathyroidism. This rare autosomal recessive disorder results from mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene. Cardiovascular and pulmonary manifestations in APS‐1 are infrequently reported in the literature. We present a case of a 28‐year‐old male who presented with shortness of breath and pedal edema. Physical examination revealed alopecia, absence of eyebrows, hyperpigmentation on joints, oral candidiasis, and nail dystrophy. Echocardiography demonstrated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and pericardial effusion. Chest x‐ray showed left‐sided pleural effusion. Laboratory investigations revealed hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, low parathyroid hormone (PTH), low cortisol, and high adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels. The combination of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC), hypoparathyroidism, and adrenal insufficiency confirmed the diagnosis of APS‐1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Pakistani and second worldwide reported case of APS‐1 presenting with such a combination of manifestations. Early recognition and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis exhibit a significantly higher risk of coronary artery calcification (CAC) than age-matched normal individuals, contributing to elevated cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aims and Objectives: This study designed to assess the prevalence of CAC in ESRD patients on dialysis and identify associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: Fifty ESRD patients undergoing maintenance dialysis and twenty normal subjects were included in this cross-sectional observational study. Serum calcium, phosphate, and parathyroid hormone were measured in all ESRD patients and normal controls. Multi Row Spiral Computed Tomography was performed to determine CAC scoring (CACS). Results: CACS was significantly higher in ESRD patients compared to normal subjects (mean CACS: 91.4±32.7 vs. 7.75±9.5 Agatston units, P<0.05). Elevated levels of calcium phosphate products, serum leptin, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), presence of diabetes mellitus, and longer duration of dialysis were correlated with increased incidence of CACS in ESRD patients, as indicated by higher odd's ratios ranged from 1.10 to 6.93. Conclusion: CAC is highly prevalent in ESRD patients on dialysis, emphasizing the need for stringent risk factor management. Our findings suggest that controlling calcium phosphate product, serum leptin, age, iPTH levels, and duration of dialysis may reduce CAC burden in this population, potentially mitigating cardiovascular risk and improving outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary artery disease (CAD) presents a significant risk for patients with systemic vasculitides, a group of disorders characterized by the inflammation of blood vessels. In this review, we focus on the pathophysiological mechanisms, complications, and management strategies for CAD in systemic vasculitides. We highlight how the inflammatory processes inherent in vasculitis contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia. Key strategies in managing CAD in this patient population include using medicine treatments to mitigate vascular inflammation while balancing the risk of promoting cardiovascular events and lifestyle modifications. Understanding the nuanced relationship between systemic vasculitides and CAD is crucial for improving patient outcomes and guiding therapeutic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition characterized by a continuous decline in renal function, independent of the initial cause of damage or external factors such as infection, inflammation, or toxins. The accurate measurement of renal function, typically assessed using the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), is crucial for managing CKD. The most accepted hypothesis for CKD progression is glomerular damage caused by hyperfiltration. Various factors can accelerate CKD progression, and several biomarkers have been identified to monitor this progression. Numerous studies have explored the risk factors associated with CKD progression, and some of these factors can be modified. Additionally, several drugs are now available that can reduce CKD progression. This review summarizes recent publications and highlights potential future research directions in CKD progression. It discusses the evolution of GFR measurement methods, the mechanisms driving CKD progression, and the latest findings on biomarkers and risk factors. Furthermore, it explores therapeutic strategies, including dietary modifications and pharmacological interventions, to slow CKD progression. Understanding these mechanisms and interventions is crucial for developing effective therapeutic strategies to prevent or slow CKD progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) stress tests using stress cardiac magnetic resonance (sCMR) and single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) in non-cardiac surgery (NCS) pre-operatory management. Materials and methods: This monocentric retrospective study enrolled patients with coronary artery disease or a minimum of two cardiovascular risk factors undergoing intermediate-to-high-risk non-cardiac surgeries. The primary composite endpoint comprised cardiac death, cardiogenic shock, acute coronary syndromes (ACS), and cardiogenic pulmonary edema occurring within 30 days after surgery, while the secondary endpoint was ACS. Results: A total of 1590 patients were enrolled; among them, 669 underwent a MPI stress test strategy (sCMR: 287, SPECT-MPI: 382). The incidence of 30-day cardiac events was lower in the stress-tested group compared to the non-stress-tested group (1.2% vs. 3.4%; p 0.006). Adopting a stress test strategy showed a significant reduction in the risk of the composite endpoint (OR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.15–0.76, p 0.009) and ACS (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.17–0.98, p 0.046) at multivariable analysis, with similar cardiac events rate between stress CMR and SPECT (1.1% vs. 1.3%, p 0.756). Stress CMR showed a greater accuracy to predict coronary artery revascularizations (sCMR c-statistic: 0.95, ischemic cut-point: 5.5%; SPECT c-statistic: 0.85, ischemic cut-point: 7.5%). Conclusion: Stress test strategy is related to a lower occurrence of cardiac events in high-risk patients scheduled for intermediate-to-high-risk non-cardiac surgeries. Both sCMR and SPECT-MPI comparably reduce the likelihood of cardiac complications, albeit sCMR offers greater accuracy in predicting coronary artery revascularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionViral infection by SARS-CoV2 is a pandemic affecting over 600 million people worldwide. One of five hospitalized patients may present myocardial injury, strongly associated with disease severity and mortality.MethodologyRetrospective cross-sectional study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients diagnosed between May 01, 2020, and June 30, 2021, from the database of the Registro Latinoamericano de Enfermedad Cardiovascular y COVID-19 (CARDIO COVID 19–20) with a troponin value recorded during hospitalization. A descriptive analysis of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics was performed. Bivariate analysis was conducted according to the presence or absence of myocardial injury. Survival analysis was made using Kaplan–Meier curves, by the presence of myocardial injury. A multivariate Poisson regression model was performed to determine factors associated with mortality. Statistical analyses were performed using the RStudio V.1.4.1717 package.ResultsA total of 2,134 patients were included, 64.2% were male, and 911 patients had myocardial injury. The median age of the total population was 61 years. Individuals with myocardial injury had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Survival probability was lower in this subgroup. Patients with myocardial injury had a 1.95 times higher risk of death. Age, male sex, chronic kidney disease, arrhythmias, decompensated heart failure, requirement of inotropic/vasopressor, and invasive mechanical ventilation were related to higher mortality risk in patients with myocardial injury.ConclusionPatients with COVID-19 and myocardial injury exhibit a broad spectrum of cardiac abnormalities. Myocardial injury is associated with a higher disease severity and risk of in-hospital mortality. This multicenter study uniquely represents data from 13 Latin American countries, offering regional insights into the impact of myocardial injury during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Assessment of cardiac disease before cancer therapy is crucial, as advancements in cancer treatment have led to prolonged survival and an increase in cardiovascular complications. Specifically, esophageal cancer and heart disease share common risk factors, such as smoking and obesity. Radiation therapy (RT) for esophageal cancer is associated with elevated cardiac radiation exposure. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with esophageal cancer who were eligible for RT. Methods: We examined the prevalence of coronary artery stenosis, abnormal myocardial perfusion, and late enhancement using pre-RT cardiac computed tomography (CT) data of 41 patients with thoracic esophageal cancer who were referred for RT between January 2017 and June 2023 and had no history of ischemic heart disease. Results: The median age of the 41 patients was 71 years, with 40 patients being male. Cardiac CT identified significant coronary stenosis (≥50% luminal narrowing) in 18 patients (44%), among whom 9 (50%) had severe stenosis, multivessel disease, or myocardial ischemia. Significant stenosis was most frequently observed in the left anterior descending artery (16/18). Late enhancement, indicating myocardial infarction, was observed in seven patients (17%). Interpretation: Patients with esophageal cancer without a history of ischemic heart disease had a high prevalence (44%) of CAD, with half of them having severe stenosis, multivessel disease, or myocardial ischemia. Given the high prevalence of coronary stenosis, pre-treatment cardiac evaluation is crucial for patients with esophageal cancer. Incorporating cardiac CT findings into radiotherapy planning is recommended to optimize patient care.

Introduction. Cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death worldwide. In contrast to men, in women, cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, acute cerebrovascular accident, and thrombosis of various localization, develop later in life. A fold rise in risk begins during the menopausal transition. Given the increase in the postmenopausal period of a woman's life, it seems interesting to search for new methods of early prevention of cardiometabolic complications already in perimenopause. Aim. To optimize early non-hormonal prevention of endothelial dysfunction and perimenopausal cardiovascular complications. Materials and methods. A prospective study included 50 patients aged 45–55 years in perimenopause without obesity and other somatic or gynecological disorders with menopausal syndrome of varying severity. Patients in group 1 (n=25) received combined non-hormonal treatment of menopausal symptoms and prevention of cardiovascular complications [sulodexide 250 lipasemic units (LU) 2 times a day + phytoestrogen (cimicifuga extract) 1 capsule 2 times a day]. In group 2 (n=25), patients received only phytoestrogen according to the same regimen. Results. After 1 year of observation, the mean thickness of the intima-media complex of the common carotid artery in group 1, in which patients received complex course therapy including sulodexide (Vessel Due F), decreased by 3.7%, and in group 2 increased by 26.8%. In group 1, it was found that after 1 year of regular use, treatment contributed to a decrease in blood fibrinogen level by 11.8% and an increase in thrombin time by 24.5%, which, in combination with a decrease in prothrombin concentration and an increase in activated partial thromboplastin time by 4.7 s, indicates a pronounced therapeutic effect on the hemostasis system. Conclusion. All markers of early atherosclerosis and vascular complications progress during postmenopause and with increasing age. However, complex protective therapy, including glycosaminoglycans sulodexide), can slow down this progression while improving patients' quality of life. Non-hormonal complex therapy can not only neutralize menopausal symptoms but also prevent long-term vascular complications caused by increasing age and the lack of estrogen-protective effect.

Abstract The pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and microvascular complications in diabetes have been extensively studied, but effective methods of prevention and treatment are still lacking. In recent years, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs have arisen as possible mechanisms involved in the development, maintenance, and progression of micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes. Epigenetic changes have the characteristic of being heritable or deletable. For this reason, they are now being studied as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and the prevention or for slowing down its complications, aiming to alleviate the personal and social burden of the disease. This review addresses current knowledge of the pathophysiological links between diabetes and cardiovascular complications, focusing on the role of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. In addition, although the treatment of complications of diabetes with “epidrugs” is still far from being a reality and faces several challenges, we present the most promising molecules and approaches in this field.

Abstract Introduction Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric illness, characterized by a high risk of developing cardiovascular complications. Given the high risk of vascular diseases in patients with AN, we can assume that patients with severe AN have a high risk of developing ischemic stroke. However, to the best of our knowledge, no reports of patients with AN presenting with ischemic stroke have been published, other than a report of the development of IS during refeeding therapy in patients with severe AN. Case presentation The present case report is aimed at describing the characteristics of an ischemic stroke occurring in a 19-year-old university student who had a 6-month history of AN. She was a non-smoker, had no relevant medical history and no family history of stroke. Upon hospital admission due to symptoms of stroke (aphasia and facial droop), she exhibited severe malnutrition with a BMI of 12.8 kg/m2. Computerized tomography imaging revealed occlusion of the left M2 branch and a congruous extensive area of hypoperfusion. Further investigations ruled out all common causes of stroke: she had no vascular stenosis, no heart diseases or arrhythmias, and no shunts, and gave negative results in autoimmune, toxicological and thrombophilia screenings. Conclusion Clinicians should suspect development of severe complications, including ischemic stroke, in patients with severe AN. Further extensive group studies or group-based studies are needed to elucidate the etiology of ischemic stroke in patients with severe AN. This will enable us to develop more precise and effective interventions. Graphical Abstract

BackgroundCOVID-19 infection is generally regarded as an acute self-limiting illness in children, but it can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both healthy and high-risk children. There are limited data on the outcomes of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and COVID-19. This study aimed to examine the risks of mortality, in-hospital cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular complications in this patient population.MethodsWe analyzed data from hospitalized pediatric patients from 2020 using the nationally representative National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Children hospitalized for COVID-19 were included, and weighted data were used to compare in-hospital mortality and morbidities between children with and without CHD.ResultsOut of 36,690 children admitted with a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection(ICD-10 code:U07.1 and B97.29) during calendar year 2020, 1240 (3.4%) had CHD. The risk of mortality in children with CHD was not significantly higher than those without CHD(1.2% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.50), with adjusted OR (aOR) of 1.7 (95% CI: 0.6-5.3). Tachyarrhythmias and heart block were more likely in CHD children with an aOR of 4.2 (95% CI: 1.8-9.9) and aOR of 5.0 (95% CI: 2.4-10.8), respectively. Similarly, respiratory failure [aOR = 2.0 (1.5-2.8)], respiratory failure requiring non-invasive mechanical ventilation [aOR = 2.7 (1.4-5.2)] and invasive mechanical ventilation [aOR = 2.6 (1.6-4.0)], and acute kidney injury [aOR = 3.4 (2.2-5.4)] were all significantly higher among patients with CHD. Median length of hospital stay in children with CHD was longer than those without CHD [5 days (IQR: 2-11) vs. 3 days (IQR: 2-5), p =

Background and Objectives: Patients with previous acute myocardial infarction are at significantly higher risk of recurrent events. Early and intensive lipid-lowering therapy targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a key strategy for reducing cardiovascular risk in post-acute myocardial infarction patients worldwide. This study aimed to assess patients' real-life lipid-lowering treatment gaps after acute myocardial infarction using a global network, TriNetX, of anonymous, real-time patient data. The uniqueness of the study was the use of the novel, evolving, and constantly improving TriNetX platform and the evaluation of its feasibility for clinical research. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on global repository patients in 2020, diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction, with a three-year follow-up. Results: After acute myocardial infarction, the prescribing rate of lipid-lowering medication (statins, ezetimibe and PCSK9I) was insufficient to reach target LDL-C values. The mean LDL-C level decreased from 2.7 mmol/L (103 mg/dL) as measured on the day of AMI to 1.97 mmol/L (76 mg/dL) between 31D and 3M. During the second and third years, the mean LDL-C value was stable (around 2.0 mmol/L (78 mg/dL)). LDL-C goals were not sufficiently reached, as only 7–12% of patients were reported to have LDL-C values < 55 mg/dL (1.4 mmol/L) and 13–20% of patients were reported to have LDL-C values < 70 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) during the follow-up periods. This means that a substantial number of patients remain at a very high risk for CV complications and mortality. Most cardiovascular complications happen within three months after acute myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Gaps remain between the recommendations for managing LDL-C in guidelines and what occurs in real life. The TriNetX platform is an innovative platform with significant potential and should be further developed for clinical research, as it enables the use of valuable interinstitutional data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the global rise in type 2 diabetes and the associated cardiovascular complications. It emphasizes the importance of addressing these complications through a comprehensive approach that includes lifestyle changes, medical management, and community support. The article also highlights recent advances in biomarker research for early detection and prevention of diabetes-related complications. It concludes by emphasizing the need for personalized medical management to improve patient outcomes. The article also explores the incidence and presentation of cardiovascular events in individuals with type 2 diabetes, highlighting sex and age-related differences. It emphasizes the importance of effective medical management, including regular monitoring and control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels, as well as the use of medications that provide cardiovascular benefits. Managing comorbidities and addressing mental health issues are also crucial. The article calls for a collaborative effort among healthcare professionals, policymakers, and communities to promote heart health and diabetes management. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric illness, characterized by a high risk of developing cardiovascular complications. Given the high risk of vascular diseases in patients with AN, we can assume that patients with severe AN have a high risk of developing ischemic stroke. However, to the best of our knowledge, no reports of patients with AN presenting with ischemic stroke have been published, other than a report of the development of IS during refeeding therapy in patients with severe AN. Case presentation: The present case report is aimed at describing the characteristics of an ischemic stroke occurring in a 19-year-old university student who had a 6-month history of AN. She was a non-smoker, had no relevant medical history and no family history of stroke. Upon hospital admission due to symptoms of stroke (aphasia and facial droop), she exhibited severe malnutrition with a BMI of 12.8 kg/m2. Computerized tomography imaging revealed occlusion of the left M2 branch and a congruous extensive area of hypoperfusion. Further investigations ruled out all common causes of stroke: she had no vascular stenosis, no heart diseases or arrhythmias, and no shunts, and gave negative results in autoimmune, toxicological and thrombophilia screenings. Conclusion: Clinicians should suspect development of severe complications, including ischemic stroke, in patients with severe AN. Further extensive group studies or group-based studies are needed to elucidate the etiology of ischemic stroke in patients with severe AN. This will enable us to develop more precise and effective interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has significantly impacted global health. COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system but also has notable cardiovascular implications. Patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD) or risk factors are at a heightened risk of severe complications and poor outcomes. This study aims to identify and evaluate the cardiovascular complications in symptomatic COVID-19 patients and assess the impact on disease outcomes. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted on 100 COVID-19 patients confirmed via RT-PCR from June to December 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A (n=25) for risk scoring and Group B (n=75) to analyze various risk factors. Exclusion criteria included patients under 18, pregnant women, and those with recent or known cardiovascular events. Data collected encompassed demographics, vital signs, symptoms, comorbidities, and laboratory results. Cardiovascular complications assessed included acute myocardial infarction, acute myocardial injury, new or worsening heart failure, de novo arrhythmias, and deep vein thrombosis. Statistical analyses were performed using online tools, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: Patients experiencing cardiovascular events in Group A had a significantly higher mean age (64.53 years) compared to those without events (53.1 years) (p<0.001), and a larger proportion were male (p<0.001). Symptoms like cough (p=0.002), fever (p=0.031), and shortness of breath (p=0.076) were more prevalent in the CV event group. Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus (p=0.036) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (p<0.001) were also more common among those with cardiovascular complications. Multivariate analysis identified ten significant risk factors: male sex, age ≥60 years, cough, CHD, low lymphocyte count, high blood urea nitrogen, reduced eGFR, prolonged APTT, elevated D-dimer, and elevated procalcitonin levels. Conclusion: The study identified key risk factors for cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients, including male gender, older age, preexisting CHD, and specific laboratory markers. These findings underscore the importance of early identification and management of at-risk patients to improve outcomes. Further research is necessary to validate these risk factors and refine predictive models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This is a scoping study aiming to extensively assess and explore the degree of cardiotoxicity in patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) that can be caused due to pharmaceutical treatments. Many pharmacological regiments used can potentially cause cardiotoxicity in AML patients, but it is understandable that being familiar with all the available treatment options available and every potential adverse effect is impossible before the initiation of the therapy. However, hematologists and, in general, physicians should try to be updated with the most recent information released to improve the quality of life of their patients and minimize the risk of additional complications. Correct communication and collaboration between hematologists and cardiologists is of paramount importance and a huge advantage that can yield promising results, utilizing both cardiology imaging techniques, such as cardiac ultrasound, which is an easy and cost-effective means of instant diagnosis and staging the suspected complication, and serum cardiac biomarkers, according to current cardio-oncology guidelines. Introduction: According to the National Cancer Institute of the NIH, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a rapidly growing cancer with a large quantity of myeloblasts. AML is most often observed in adults over the age of 35, accounting for 1% of all cancer types. In 2023, the number of new cases being reported was estimated to reach around 20,380 in total and the rate of mortality in the same year was 1.9%, or 11,310 cases, in the US. Purpose: This scoping study aims to extensively assess and explore the degree of cardiotoxicity in patients with AML that can be caused due to pharmaceutical treatments prescribed by hematologists. This is achieved by performing extensive searches of different scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Results: A variety of options are available that are summarized in tables included herein, with each having their advantages and risks of adverse effects, among these being cardiotoxicity. Important medications found to play a significant role include gemtuzumab ozogamicin, venetoclax, and vyxeos. Conclusions: It is understandable that being familiar with all the treatment options available and every potential adverse effect is impossible. However, hematologists and, in general, physicians must try to be updated with the most recent information released to improve the quality of life of their patients and minimize the risk of additional complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Cardiovascular complications after major surgery are associated with increases in morbidity and mortality. There is confusion over definitions of cardiac injury or complications, and variability in the assessment and management of patients. This international prospective cohort study aimed to define the incidence and timing of these complications and to investigate their impact on 30‐day all‐cause mortality. We performed a prospective, international cohort study between January 2022 and May 2022. Data were collected on consecutive patients undergoing major abdominal surgery in 446 hospitals from 28 countries across Europe. The primary outcome measure was cardiovascular complications as defined by the Standardised Endpoints for Perioperative Medicine‐Core Outcome Measures for Perioperative and Anaesthetic Care initiative up to 30 days after surgery. The secondary outcome was 30‐day postoperative mortality. This study included 24,203 patients, of whom 611 (2.5%) developed cardiovascular complications. In total, 458 (1.9%) patients died within 30 days of surgery, of which 123 (26.9%) deaths were judged to be cardiac‐related. Mortality rates were higher in patients who developed postoperative cardiovascular complications than in those who did not (19.8% vs. 1.4%), which persisted after risk adjustment (hazard ratio (95%CI) 4.15 (3.14–5.48)). We estimated an absolute risk reduction (95%CI) of 0.4 (0.3–0.5) in mortality in the absence of all cardiovascular complications. This would confer a relative risk reduction in mortality of 21.1% if all cardiovascular complications were prevented. Postoperative cardiovascular complications are relatively common and occur early after major abdominal surgery. However, over 1 in 5 postoperative deaths were attributable to these complications, highlighting an important area for future randomised trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]