Search

Overweight and obesity are key risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Obesity is currently presented as a pro-inflammatory state with an expansion in the outflow of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), alongside the expanded emission of leptin. The present review aimed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and inflammation and their impacts on the development of cardiovascular disease. A literature search was conducted by employing three academic databases, namely PubMed (Medline), Scopus (EMBASE), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). The search presented 786 items, and by inclusion and exclusion filterers, 59 works were considered for final review. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) method was adopted to conduct quality assessment; 19 papers were further selected based on the quality score. Obesity-related inflammation leads to a low-grade inflammatory state in organisms by upregulating pro-inflammatory markers and downregulating anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby contributing to cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. Because of inflammatory and infectious symptoms, adipocytes appear to instigate articulation and discharge a few intense stage reactants and carriers of inflammation. Obesity and inflammatory markers are strongly associated, and are important factors in the development of CVD. Hence, weight management can help prevent cardiovascular risks and poor outcomes by inhibiting inflammatory mechanisms., Competing Interests: No authors have any conflicts of interest during the publication of the manuscript.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among seafarers. This study aimed to evaluate CVDs distribution and differences, considering seafarers' rank and worksite groups., Materials and Methods: A descriptive epidemiological study was employed, and the analysis was based on the telemedical assistance data of the International Radio Medical Centre (C.I.R.M.) from 2010 to 2018. The age, gender, rank, and worksite variables were considered for the analysis. Chi-square or Fisher test was used to assess differences in CVD distribution between rank and worksite groups., Results: Cardiovascular diseases were the sixth leading cause of medical advice requests to C.I.R.M. Distribution of CVD significantly differed between officers and non-officers [x2 (5) = 17.308, p = 0.004]. Officers were often diagnosed with hypertensive CVD (46%), whereas non-officers were frequently diagnosed with ischaemic heart diseases (41%). There were no significant differences in the distribution of CVD diagnoses between worksite groups [x2 (10) = 12.863, p = 0.231]., Conclusions: The frequency of CVD is higher among non-officers and older seafarers who have been more often diagnosed with CVD. Specific interventions such as early diagnosis, regular monitoring, and physical training to reduce cardiovascular risk should be considered on board ships. Future studies should take into account the incidence rate of CVD between rank and worksite groups.

Objectives: The incidence of acute cardiac events is one of the main reasons for medical consultation, disembarkation, repatriation, and death among seafarers at sea. Managing cardiovascular risk factors, particularly those that can be modified, is the key to preventing cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this review estimates the pooled prevalence of major CVD risk factors among seafarers. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of studies published between 1994 and December 2021 in four international databases, namely PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science (WOS). Each study was evaluated for methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool for prevalence studies. The DerSimonian–Laird random-effects model with logit transformations was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of major CVD risk factors. The results were reported in accordance with the Preferred Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Out of all 1484 studies reviewed, 21 studies with 145,913 study participants met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. In the pooled analysis, the prevalence of smoking was found to be 40.14% (95% CI: 34.29 to 46.29%) with heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 98%, p < 0.01). The prevalence of hypertension, overweight, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol consumption was 45.32%, 41.67%, 18.60%, 12.70%, and 38.58%, respectively. However, the sensitivity analysis after excluding studies showed a pooled prevalence of hypertension, overweight, obesity, and diabetes mellitus of 44.86%, 41.87%, 15.99%, and 16.84%, respectively. The subgroup analysis demonstrated that smoking prevalence among seafarers had decreased significantly after 2013. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that CVD risk factors, particularly hypertension, overweight, smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity, are prevalent among seafarers. These findings may serve as a guide for shipping companies and other responsible bodies in order to prevent CVD risk factors among seafarers. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42022300993. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adverse effects on personalized care and outcomes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) could occur if health systems do not work in an efficient manner. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has opened new perspectives for the execution and advancement of cardiovascular tests through telemedicine platforms. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the usefulness of telemedical systems for providing personal care in the prevention of CVD. Methods: A systematic review analysis was conducted on the literature available from libraries such as PubMed (Medline), Scopus (Embase), and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL). Data available in the last 10 years (2011–2020) were also examined by PRISMA guidelines. The selected studies were divided into two categories: (1) benefits of telemedicine in CVD prevention, and (2) recent progress in telemedical services for personalized care of CVD. Results: The literature search produced 587 documents, and 19 articles were considered in this review. Results highlighted that the timely delivery of preventive care for CVD which can be implemented virtually can benefit and modify morbidity and mortality. This could also reduce the pressure on hospitals by decreasing acute CVD occurrence among the general population. The use of these technologies can also help to reduce access to hospitals and other medical devices when not necessary. Conclusions: Telemedicine platforms can be used for regular checkups for CVD and contribute to preventing the occurrence of acute events and more in general the progression of CVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]