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Background: The present single-center clinical trial was designed to evaluate the potential benefits of L-carnitine supplementation in patients with COVID-19 disease., Methods and Patients: The study was conducted on 75 patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 hospitalized in Shahid Beheshti Hospital-Hamadan, IRAN. The participants were randomly divided into intervention (n = 32) and control groups (n = 43). The control group received their standard hospital treatment only. In addition to standard medications, the intervention group received 3000 mg oral L-carnitine daily in three divided doses for five days. The blood samples were collected and para-clinical parameters were measured at the beginning and end of the treatment. Clinical outcomes were also recorded, and data were analyzed using χ 2 and t-tests., Results: Higher means of O2 saturation were observed in the intervention rather than in the control group. Mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly lower in the intervention group. Furthermore, mean alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were lower in the intervention group. Also, lower mean serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) was observed in the intervention group. No significant differences were observed in terms of clinical symptoms; however, six patients (14%) in the control group died due to the complications of COVID-19, while all patients in the intervention group survived., Conclusion: Taken together, L-carnitine can be considered as a drug supplement in patients with COVID-19., (© 2022. The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences.)

1. This experiment investigated the efficacy of varying doses of an emulsifier blend (EB; 0 and 1 g/kg of diet), betaine (BT; 0 and 1 g/kg of diet) and L-carnitine (CT; 0 and 0.5 g/kg of diet) in broilers subjected to circular heat stress (HS) conditions. A total of 1080 one-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to one of nine treatment groups (six pens/treatment with 20 birds/pen) according to a completely randomised design. The thermoneutral control broiler chickens were housed at a comfortable temperature and fed a standard diet (no additives). The other eight groups were exposed to cyclic HS conditions (34°C) for 8 h (10:00-18:00). 2. There were EB × BT × CT interactions for body weight (BW) at 24 d (P = 0.038) and average daily gain (ADG) during the 10–24 d period (P = 0.049), with the greatest values found with concurrent supplementation of three supplements. 3. Inclusion of EB resulted in greater (P < 0.05) BW, ADG, European performance index, uniformity rate, primary antibody titres against sheep red blood cells (SRBC), duodenal villus height (VH) and villus surface area, digestible energy (DE) and the coefficient of apparent ileal digestibility (CAID) of dry matter, crude protein, and fat However, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and heterophile to lymphocyte ratio were lower (P < 0.05). 4. Dietary BT supplementation improved (P < 0.05) all performance indicators, primary antibody titres against SRBC and Newcastle disease virus, serum total antioxidant capacity, duodenal VH, Jejunal VH/crypt depth and the CAID of dry matter and crude protein. The effect of dietary supplementation with CT was limited to an increase (P < 0.05) in ADG (d 10–24) and a decrease (P < 0.05) in serum malondialdehyde concentration (42 d) and jejunal crypt depth (42 d). 5. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of either EB or BT alone or in combination ameliorated some of the detrimental effects of HS on growth performance, immunity and intestinal health in broilers, while a minor positive effect on performance and antioxidant status was observed with CT supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]