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Assessing the risk of forest fires in wildland urban interfaces (WUIs) is crucial for wildfire prevention and land management. With the goal of developing an efficient management of fire risk in wildland urban interfaces in European Mediterranean countries, this chapter recommends methods and advices for the identification, characterization and mapping of WUIs as well as for the assessment of the fire hazard, the vulnerability and the damage potential of these areas. These tools are the result of scientific researches and fruit of past experiences analysis. More over this chapter insists on the interest of providing wildland urban interface maps in the purpose to know the real extent of theses areas and to manage their development. It briefly presents the steps of a method to identify, to characterize and to map WUI in European Mediterranean countries combining relevant criteria which are connected to the spatial organization of inhabitant dwellings and the structure of the vegetation. A WUI' typology is established. The method can be easily applied by land agencies or managers easily and is suitable both in large areas or landscape level (small scales) and in local conditions (large scale). Because of their high vulnerability, ignition probability and combustibility, it is important and efficient to focus risk assessment in the WUIs. The chapter brings a method to assess and to map fire hazard levels and vulnerability levels according to WUIs and their environment. Introducing the risk of fire and particularly the vulnerability of the territory with such maps is a way to make the inhabitants becoming aware of fire risk in WUI. This will globally decrease the risk of fire either by reducing fire propagation with biomass removal and or by reducing fire ignition probability together with less carelessness. Accomplishing this goal is strictly related to the designation of suitable prevention messages and preventive actions which can be different according to WUI types.