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LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) is explored to be applied in a hybrid Li+/Na+ battery for the first time. The cell is constructed with NCA as the positive electrode, sodium metal as the negative electrode, and 1 M NaClO4 solution as the electrolyte. It is found that during electrochemical cycling both Na+ and Li+ ions are reversibly intercalated into/de-intercalated from NCA crystal lattice. The detailed electrochemical process is systematically investigated by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry, ex situ X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The NCA cathode can deliver initially a high capacity up to 174 mAh g−1 and 95% coulombic efficiency under 0.1 C (1 C = 120 mA g−1) current rate between 1.5-4.1 V. It also shows excellent rate capability that reaches 92 mAh g−1 at 10 C. Furthermore, this hybrid battery displays superior long-term cycle life with a capacity retention of 81% after 300 cycles in the voltage range from 2.0 to 4.0 V, offering a promising application in energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P2-structure sodium manganese oxide is synthesized by a facile reduction reaction. We provide new data on the direct use of sodium manganese oxide instead of lithium analogues as a low-cost electrode for lithium/sodium hybrid ion batteries after an ion-exchange process. Ion exchange occurs in sodium manganese oxide through the electrolyte during cell stabilization, as observed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The self ion-exchanged material delivers a high discharge capacity of 195 mA h g −1 and a stable plateau at 3.0 V for 50 cycles with stable cyclability. In-situ X-ray diffraction and ex-situ X-ray absorption near edge structure studies also confirm reversible redox reactions and stable structural changes. The ex-situ inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy analysis verifies that residual sodium ions in the structure act as pillars during cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Redox electrolyte used to promote the storage capacity of a hybrid Zn2+/Na+ ion battery. • Na 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] and TEMPOL offer a needed redox species to obtain a redox electrolyte. • Redox electrolytes help to achieve >2-fold higher capacity than the pristine electrolyte. • Fe2+(CN) 6 4−/Fe3+(CN) 6 3− offers a stable cycle performance than TEMPOL/TEMPOL+. Aqueous hybrid Zn2+/Na+ ion batteries (AHZSIBs) have gained considerable attention for stationary energy storage applications because of their outstanding safety, sustainability, abundance, and low raw material costs. However, the low capacity values (<100 mAh/g) of the Na+ ion deinsertion/insertion cathodes limit the overall capacity storage of AHZSIBs. Herein, we propose a novel concept to extend the charge storage performance of AHZSIBs using electrolyte with redox characteristics. The benefits of using redox aqueous electrolytes such as 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) and sodium ferrocyanide (Na 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]) were investigated in an AHZSB, which consists of Zn metal as an anode and sodium nickel hexacyanoferrate (Na-NiHCF) as the Na+ deinsertion/insertion cathode. The proposed AHZSB using Na 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] redox electrolyte provided a capacity (144 mAh/g) that was ~2.94 times higher than AHZSIB using a conventional Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte (49 mAh/g). This capacity enhancement emanated from the faradaic contribution of the Fe2+(CN) 6 4−/Fe3+(CN) 6 3− redox pair present in the electrolyte and Fe2+/Fe3+ redox pair in the lattice of Na-NiHCF. In addition, the TEMPOL-based redox electrolyte also improved the capacity (from 49 to 120 mAh/g) through the combined faradaic contribution of the TEMPOL/TEMPOL+ redox pair dissolved in the electrolyte and the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox pair in the Na-NiHCF lattice. These results confirm the competence of the redox electrolyte in AHZSIB in enhancing the charge storage capacity. We anticipate that this proof-of-concept study will provide a new direction for developing high-capacity storage AHZSIBs. More importantly, this approach can be used in any aqueous/non-aqueous batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]