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Around 1900, the Catholic Church in Belgium and France started to systematically use the magic lantern for religious education, but also as a propaganda tool in their fight against their laic opponents in both countries. In the course of the nineteenth century, the magic lantern had become a major visual mass medium in Europe and the United States. The light beam of the lantern was seen as a powerful means to sustain faith and disseminate the views of the Church. While numerous members of the Catholic clergy embraced the projections lumineuses as a continuation of the long-standing tradition to teach the gospel through images, from glass windows to paintings, they had to face opposition by those who thought the magic lantern unfit to be used to lecture on religious matters. Despite such resistance, the projected image became an important medium used throughout the first decades of the twentieth century by the Catholic Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the objective of making an appreciation of the insertion of the Protestantism in Brazil, the present article makes an analysis of the relia- ble facts and a historicity of the most important factors that contributed to the identity of this people. A search for their identity develops in a very peculiar manner, starting from the principle that in order for this to be reached there is a participation of the other, here symbolized by the Roman Catholic Church. Therefore, the Protestantism accomplishes its role as a participant in the construction of the Brazilian society and their values. In spite of the adversities encountered on its beginnings those have served as a means to create the protestant character instead of suppressing it. A look into laicization of the contemporaneous society opens space for the Protestants, conferring them equal freedom as that of the Roman Catholics. Through out the time the adversities serve to forge the character of the protestant instead of mitigating it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]