Search

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Pasteurella multocida is the etiological agent responsible for several diseases in a wide range of hosts around the world and thus, causes serious economic losses. Acute septicemia associated with capsular type B P. multocida has recently emerged in Europe and continuous outbreaks of these acute processes have been described in Spain since they were first detected in pigs in 2009 and cattle in 2015. The scarcity of studies on the antimicrobial susceptibility of this capsular type of P. multocida and growing concern about the general increase of antimicrobial resistance mean that studies related to the performance of type B P. multocida against antibiotics are necessary to establish accurate treatments and to monitor antimicrobial resistances. Results: Seventy-six isolates of P. multocida type B from pigs and cattle with acute septicemia were tested for susceptibility to 10 different antimicrobials. Bovine isolates were susceptible to all the antibiotics we tested except for lincomycin (94.4% of isolates were resistant). However, the antimicrobials we tested were less effective against swine isolates, of which none were susceptible to lincomycin. Furthermore, 29.3% swine isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 27.6% to penicillin, 20.7% to oxytetracycline, 17.3% to chloramphenicol, 15.5% to gentamicin, and 3.4% to enrofloxacin; no resistance to ceftiofur was detected. No multidrug resistant isolates were detected from cattle, while 25.86% of swine isolates were resistant to three or more antibiotic classes. Conclusions: In this study, the lower resistance rates and multidrug resistant isolates reported for P. multocida type B derived from cattle compared to those isolated from pigs may be related to the increased use of antibiotics in the porcine industry in Spain. Lincomycin is not recommended for the treatment of acute septicemia in pigs or cattle, rather, the use of ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, or gentamicin is indicated as an emergency treatment in the early stages of disease; once the susceptibility results are known, the use of tetracyclines, penicillin, or chloramphenicol should be prioritized. The increase in multidrug resistant isolates and antimicrobial resistance rates indicates that more attention should be paid to prevention as well as the responsible use of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii , a bacterial agent for which ruminants are the main reservoir. An extensive cross-sectional study to determine the seroprevalence of and associated risk factors for Q fever was performed in dairy and mixed (dairy–beef) cattle herds in Ecuador. A total of 2668 serum samples from 386 herds were analyzed using an ELISA. In addition, a questionnaire with 57 variables related to management, feeding, facilities, biosecurity and animal health was completed for every cattle farm. A Generalized Estimating Equations model was used to determine the factors associated with C. burnetii seropositivity. The true prevalence of C. burnetii seropositivity in dairy and mixed cattle from Ecuador reached 12.6% (CI 95% : 11.3–13.9%). The herd prevalence was 46.9% (181/386) (CI 95% : 41.9–51.9%), and the within herd prevalence ranged between 8% and 100% (mean: 25.0%; Q1: 12.5%, Q2: 25.0%, Q3: 37.5%). Four factors were included in the GEE model for C. burnetii seropositivity: age of the cattle (OR: 1.01; CI 95% : 1.006–1.014), feeding of calves with milk replacers (OR: 1.94; CI 95% : 1.1–3.3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus seropositivity (OR: 1.54; CI 95% : 1.1–2.3), and disinfection of the umbilical cord (OR: 0.60; CI 95% : 0.4–0.9). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]