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In this scientific paper, the productive performances of beef cattle belonging to the Aberdeen Angus and Charolaise breeds from 6 farms in Neamț County were analyzed, studying the following indicators: birth weight (kg), body weight (kg), and average daily gain (g) at the age of 200 days (kg), and also 365 days (kg). The data on average values and variability of meat production indices show that the highest performances were 42.33 kg at birth, 246.29 kg and the average daily increase of 1030.71 grams per 200 days, and 433.69 kg with the average daily increase of 1074.33 kg, at the age of 365 days. On the last place was farm 1, which registered an average weight at birth of 30.70 kg, at 200 days this indicator was 188.59 kg, and the average daily gain was 786.20 grams; at 365 days the average weight was 320.84 kg and the average weight was 793.11 kg. Farm 1 raises the Aberdeen Angus breed, and farm 5 raises the Charolaise breed, which has better results due to the constant care of the breeder to improve the genetic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is weel known that in order to increase progress on cattle farms it is necessary to monitor animals in order to determinate the genetic quality of animals, by assessing the quantitative and qualitative characters of the animals, estimating breeding values and setting up a database on these aspects. In our country, as a result of favorable factors, such as natural pasture potential, European subsidies, government programs for the purchasing animals, extensiveintensive growth technology systems, the price of bovine meat, population trends towards the consumption of meat obtained in ecological conditions, in Romania were imported a series of specialized breeds for meat production, including Aberdeen Angus, Galloway, Highland, Aubrac, Charolais, Limousin. Thus, in order to expand the database and monitoring the qualitative and quantitative characters of the animals, specific breeding programs to each breed were developed. Regarding the Aberdeen Angus breed, the genealogical register is held by the Aberdeen Angus Association from Sibiu county, which also leads the activity of official performances control on national level. Recordings are made in accordance with legislative framework, in herds of pure breed Aberdeen Angus cattle and also cross-breeding programs with Aberdeen Angus terminal bulls. The control purpose is to record the weights of calves between three and fourteen months old, observing the specific characters of Aberdeen Angus breed and managing all purebred bulls. Data is collected in order to provide farmers with information useful for herd management and raw data for genetic evaluations. Generally, in this paperwork it will be studied the legislative framework, the control technique, the control methods, the national evolution of performances, the stock evolution and the appreciation of the bulls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results obtained with reference to: average age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), service period (SP) and mammary repose (RM). They were studied 3 farms with populations of cows of the breeds: Holstein and Spotted with Romanian Black (BNR). The studied reproduction indicators recorded the following average values: in the farm "Î.I. Dascălu Sînzîiana", in the Holstein breed, AFC - was 31.03 months, SP - 89.24 days, RM - 55.82 days and CI - 458.27 days, in the farm "Nacu Gheorghe" in the Holstein breed, AFC- was 25.72 months, SP - 87.96 days, RM - 57.58 days and CI - 459.51 days, and in the Spotted Romanian Black breed, AFC - was 27.54 months, SP - 97.22 days, RM - 56.92 days and CI - 401.64 days. The best results regarding the breeding activity were obtained in the farm "Î.I. Râtan Gheorghe", in Spotted with Romanian Black cattle, where AFC - was 27.52 months, SP - 80.04 days, RM -59.43 days, and CI - 393 days. From the analysis of the obtained data, it is revealed the need to reduce the service period, in the farms "Î.I Dascălu Sînzîiana" and "Nacu Gheorghe", at the optimal level of 80 days, because it is the only way to improve the reproduction indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Podolian cattle breeds are represented by: Romanian Grey Steppe, Iskar Grey (Bulgarian Grey), Istrian, Katerini, Ukrainian Grey and Hungarian Grey. The mitochondrial genome in cattle has a length of about 16,338 nucleotides. The majority of taurine mtDNA sequences cluster within macro-haplogroup T, which consists of six subhaplogroups (T, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5). Recent developments in DNA sequencing technologies provide new opportunities for the examination of genetic material in extinct or endangered species, providing a new perspective on their evolutionary history. This paper has as main purpose the analysis of the mitochondrial genome in podolian cattle breeds by consulting the most relevant research in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our country in recent years we can see a decrease in cattle from 2330 thousand heads in 2018, to 1914 thousand heads in 2020, a decrease due to, among others, the faulty organization of breeders in order to capitalize on the production obtained and a structure low size of cattle farms. In 2020, the number of cattle slaughtered in industrial units (slaughterhouses) decreased compared to the previous year by 15.6%, beef production decreased from 196,000 tons in 2018 to 170,000 tons in 2020, even if the yield at slaughter has increased. Thus, there is an increase in the average body weight of cattle from 433 kg/head to 450 kg/head, this is due to advanced, cost-effective breeding technologies and optimal animal nutrition. All this influences, of course, the quality of the meat, which will be superior and will have a high yield for processing. Meat consumption in Romania is 7 kg per capita per year, the demand for beef increases significantly in Romania, being a large deficit of high quality animal protein, the Romanian unfortunately preferring pork and chicken. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research was carried out on a number of 30 Sură de Stepă cows raised in semi-intensive stalling at S.C.D.C.B. - Dancu, Iasi. On this nucleus we studied the main lacto-proteins systems and the correlations with milk production indicators. At Sura de Stepă breed were identified alleles for the six loci codifying the six types of major milk proteins (α S1-cz; β-cz; K-cz; β-lg; α-la; α S2-cz). In the system αS1-cz allele αs1-Cn B has the greatest frequency (0.700), in the system β-cz allele α-Cn A2 (0.550), in the system K-cz allele k-CnA2 (0.583) and heterozygous genotype AB (0.416) respectively BB (0.375), in the system β-lg allele β-lgA1 has the greatest frequency (0.542) and heterozygous genotype AB (0.500), in the system α-la could be found a mono-morphism for allele α-la B and similar in the system αS2-cz for allele αs2-Cn A. Kappa-casein (K-cz) is positive and strongly correlated with fat % respectively protein % (rp = 0.58-0.77, rg = 0.67-0.83, rm = 0.64-0.87). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]