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1. In mice and humans, the brain’s blood vessels mature postnatally to acquire barrier and contractile properties

Author

Gilbert A, Robil N, Salvatore Cisternino, Antoinette Gelot, Philippe Mailly, Auvity S, Gaëlle Letort, Slaoui L, Laurent Jourdren, Dias K, Anne-Cécile Boulay, Armelle Rancillac, Maryline Favier, Federici L, Martine Cohen-Salmon, Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en biologie (CIRB), Labex MemoLife, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Optimisation thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie (OPTeN (UMR_S_1144 / U1144)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), GenoSplice [Paris], Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Cohen-Salmon, Martine

Subjects
Vascular smooth muscle, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, Mural cell, Contractility, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Smooth Muscle Actin, Endothelial cell, Myosin, medicine, MYH11, Actin, 030304 developmental biology, Blood-brain barrier, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, P- glycoprotein, Embryogenesis, Myosin heavy chain 11, [SDV.NEU.NB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, ABCB1, Human brain, Cell biology, Postnatal development, medicine.anatomical_structure, Vascular smooth muscle cell, cardiovascular system, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The brain dense vascular network is essential for distributing oxygen and nutrients to neural cells. The network develops during embryogenesis and leads to the formation of the endothelial blood-brain barrier (BBB). This barrier is surrounded by mural cells (pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)) and fibroblasts. Here, we compared the molecular and functional properties of brain vascular cells on postnatal day (P)5 vs. P15, via a transcriptomic analysis of purified mouse cortical microvessels (MVs) and the identification of vascular-cell-type-specific or -preferentially expressed transcripts. We found that endothelial cells (ECs), VSMCs and fibroblasts follow specific molecular maturation programs over this time period. In particular, ECs acquire P-glycoprotein (P-gP)-mediated efflux capacities. The arterial VSMC network expands, acquires contractile proteins (such as smooth muscle actin (SMA) and myosin heavy chain 11 (Myh11)) and becomes contractile. We also analyzed samples of human brain cortex from the early prenatal stage through to adulthood: the expression of endothelial P-gP increased at birth and Myh11 in VSMCs acts as a developmental switch (as in the mouse) at birth and up to the age of 2 of 5 years. Thus, in both mice and humans, the early postnatal phase is a critical period during which the essential properties of cerebral blood vessels (i.e. the endothelial efflux of xenobiotics and other molecules, and the VSMC contractility required for vessel tone and brain perfusion) are acquired and mature.

Published
2021

2. Deletion of the

Author

Marie-Sophie Girault, Cécile Viollet, Ahmed Ziyyat, Laurence Stouvenel, Rémi Pierre, Maryline Favier, Côme Ialy-Radio, Sophie Dupuis, and Sandrine Barbaux

Subjects
Male, mouse model, Congenic, Locus (genetics), Fertilization in Vitro, Biology, Quantitative trait locus, sperm, Article, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, lcsh:Chemistry, Mice, Pregnancy, Testis, Spata3, Animals, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Acrosome, Spermatogenesis, Molecular Biology, Gene, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Spectroscopy, Infertility, Male, Mice, Knockout, Organic Chemistry, Chromosome, Proteins, General Medicine, Lipid Droplets, Sperm, Phenotype, Computer Science Applications, Cell biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Sperm Motility, Female, CRISPR-Cas Systems, infertility, Gene Deletion
Abstract

Thanks to the analysis of an Interspecific Recombinant Congenic Strain (IRCS), we previously defined the Mafq1 quantitative trait locus as an interval on mouse Chromosome 1 associated with male hypofertility and ultrastructural abnormalities. We identified the Spermatogenesis associated protein 3 gene (Spata3 or Tsarg1) as a pertinent candidate within the Mafq1 locus and performed the CRISPR-Cas9 mediated complete deletion of the gene to investigate its function. Male mice deleted for Spata3 were normally fertile in vivo but exhibited a drastic reduction of efficiency in in vitro fertilization assays. Mobility parameters were normal but ultrastructural analyses revealed acrosome defects and an overabundance of lipids droplets in cytoplasmic remnants. The deletion of the Spata3 gene reproduces therefore partially the phenotype of the hypofertile IRCS strain.

Published
2021

3. Emerging Role of IL-4-Induced Gene 1 as a Prognostic Biomarker Affecting the Local T-Cell Response in Human Cutaneous Melanoma

Author

Jan Philipp Ramspott, Flavia Castellano, Lounes Djerroudi, Valérie Molinier-Frenkel, Yolande Richard, Maryline Favier, Armelle Prévost-Blondel, Anne Vincent Salomon, Benoit Terris, Marie-Françoise Avril, Lloyd Bod, Kurt S. Zaenker, Fériel Bekkat, Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Anatomie et de cytologie pathologiques [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Immunologie et Oncogenese des Tumeurs Lymphoides, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Equipe 09, Service d'immunologie biologique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-IFR10, Service de dermatologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP]-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Cytotoxicity, Immunologic, Male, Skin Neoplasms, Regulatory T cell, Sentinel lymph node, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Dermatology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, L-Amino Acid Oxidase, Biochemistry, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Tumor Microenvironment, Cytotoxic T cell, Humans, Molecular Biology, Melanoma, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Immune Evasion, Neoplasm Staging, Aged, 80 and over, Immunity, Cellular, business.industry, Macrophages, FOXP3, Forkhead Transcription Factors, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Survival Analysis, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Cutaneous melanoma, Cancer research, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, business, CD8
Abstract

Several studies have emphasized the importance of immune composition of the melanoma microenvironment for clinical outcome. The contribution of IL4I1, a phenylalanine oxidase with immunoregulatory functions, has not been yet explored. Here we studied a primary cutaneous melanoma series from stage I–III patients to investigate the association between in situ IL4I1 expression and clinical parameters or tumor-infiltrating T-cell subsets. IL4I1 was detected in 87% of tumors and was mainly expressed by tumor-associated macrophages and very rare FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. The proportion of IL4I1+ cells was higher in patients with an ulcerated melanoma or with a positive sentinel lymph node and tended to correlate with a rapid relapse and shorter overall survival. This proportion also correlated positively with the presence of regulatory T cells and negatively with the presence of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. The location of IL4I1+ cells may also be relevant to predict prognosis, because their presence near tumor cells was associated with sentinel lymph node invasion and higher melanoma stage. Collectively, our data show that IL4I1+ cells shape the T-cell compartment and are associated with a higher risk of poor outcome in melanoma, supporting a key role for IL4I1 in immune evasion.

Published
2018
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4. Correction: Cytosolic PCNA interacts with p47phox and controls NADPH oxidase NOX2 activation in neutrophils

Author

Pascale Tacnet-Delorme, Delphine Ohayon, Céline Candalh, Etienne Weiss, Coralie Pintard, Véronique Witko-Sarsat, Pham My-Chan Dang, Maryline Favier, Jean-Claude Marie, Alessia De Chiara, Nathalie Thieblemont, Simon Chatfield, Jamel El-Benna, Julie Mocek, Margarita Hurtado-Nedelec, Gilles Renault, Viviana Marzaioli, Philippe Frachet, Isabelle Lagoutte, Dominique Housset, Francine Walker, Dominique Desplancq, Charaf Benarafa, and Sabrina Sofia Burgener

Subjects
Cytosol, NADPH oxidase, biology, Chemistry, Immunology, biology.protein, Immunology and Allergy, Ncf1 gene, Proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Cell biology
Published
2019
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5. Six1 and Six4 gene expression is necessary to activate the fast-type muscle gene program in the mouse primary myotome

Author

Pascal Maire, Julien Giordani, Nicolas Sgarioto, Josiane Demignon, Maryline Favier, Yubing Liu, Stéphane D. Vincent, Alexandre Blais, Claire Niro, Isabelle Guillet-Deniau, VINCENT, Stéphane, Institut Cochin (UMR_S567 / UMR 8104), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bases Génétiques, Moléculaires et Cellulaires du Développement (BGMCD), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], C.N. was supported successively by a fellowship from the 'Ministère de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur' and from the 'Association Française contre les Myopathies' (AFM). Financial support was provided by the Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), the AFM, the AFM/INSERM «Cellules souches» programs, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR no. RO5099KK), and the FP6 MYORES European network of excellence. A.B. acknowledges financial support from the Muscular Dystrophy Association. The contribution of the Région Ile de France to the Institut Cochin animal care facility is also acknowledged., Département de Biologie du Développement et Cellules souches - Department of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, and Institut Pasteur [Paris]

Subjects
Muscle Proteins, Fast-type, [SDV.GEN.GA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Biology, Muscle Development, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Muscle fiber diversity, 0302 clinical medicine, Myotome, Gene expression, medicine, Animals, Myocyte, Transcription factor, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Homeodomain Proteins, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Myogenesis, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, [SDV.BDD.EO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Cell Biology, Embryo, Mammalian, Molecular biology, Six network, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, medicine.anatomical_structure, [SDV.BDD.EO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology/Embryology and Organogenesis, Somites, Regulatory sequence, Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch, Six transcriptional complexes, Trans-Activators, Chromatin immunoprecipitation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Developmental Biology
Abstract

International audience; While the signaling pathways and transcription factors active in adult slow- and fast-type muscles begin to be characterized, genesis of muscle fiber-type diversity during mammalian development remains unexplained. We provide evidence showing that Six homeoproteins are required to activate the fast-type muscle program in the mouse primary myotome. Affymetrix transcriptomal analysis of Six1(-/-)Six4(-/-) E10.5 somites revealed the specific down-regulation of many genes of the fast-type muscle program. This data was confirmed by in situ hybridization performed on Six1(-/-)Six4(-/-) embryos. The first mouse myocytes express both fast-type and slow-type muscle genes. In these fibers, Six1 and Six4 expression is required to specifically activate fast-type muscle genes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirm the binding of Six1 and Six4 on the regulatory regions of these muscle genes, and transfection experiments show the ability of these homeoproteins to activate specifically identified fast-type muscle genes. This in vivo wide transcriptomal analysis of the function of the master myogenic determinants, Six, identifies them as novel markers for the differential activation of a specific muscle program during mammalian somitic myogenesis.

Published
2010
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6. Genesis of muscle fiber-type diversity during mouse embryogenesis relies on Six1 and Six4 gene expression

Author

Anthony Guernec, Josiane Demignon, Ruijin Huang, Isabelle Guillet-Deniau, Laure Strochlic, Anne-Françoise Richard, Claire Legay, Nicolas Sgarioto, Fabien Le Grand, Julien Pujol, Pascal Maire, Maryline Favier, Nicolas Cagnard, Iori Sakakibara, and Alain Schmitt

Subjects
Six/Sine oculis, Time Factors, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Synaptogenesis, Embryonic Development, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Fast-type, Biology, Muscle Development, Transcriptome, Mice, Muscle fiber diversity, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Myofibrils, Myotome, Gene expression, medicine, Myocyte, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Molecular Biology, Ca2+homeostasis, Cells, Cultured, In Situ Hybridization, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Homeodomain Proteins, Mice, Knockout, Network of genes, Skeletal muscle, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Cell Biology, Blotting, Northern, Embryo, Mammalian, HDAC4, Phenotype, Molecular biology, Immunohistochemistry, medicine.anatomical_structure, Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch, Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch, Developmental Biology, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Adult skeletal muscles in vertebrates are composed of different types of myofibers endowed with distinct metabolic and contraction speed properties. Genesis of this fiber-type heterogeneity during development remains poorly known, at least in mammals. Six1 and Six4 homeoproteins of the Six / sine oculis family are expressed throughout muscle development in mice, and Six1 protein is enriched in the nuclei of adult fast-twitch myofibers. Furthermore, Six1/Six4 proteins are known to control the early activation of fast-type muscle genes in myocytes present in the mouse somitic myotome. Using double Six1 : Six4 mutants ( SixdKO ) to dissect in vivo the genesis of muscle fiber-type heterogeneity, we analyzed here the phenotype of the dorsal/epaxial muscles remaining in SixdKO . We show by electron microscopy analysis that the absence of these homeoproteins precludes normal sarcomeric organization of the myofiber leading to a dystrophic aspect, and by immunohistochemistry experiments a deficiency in synaptogenesis. Affymetrix transcriptome analysis of the muscles remaining in E18.5 SixdKO identifies a major role for these homeoproteins in the control of genes that are specifically activated in the adult fast/glycolytic myofibers, particularly those controlling Ca 2+ homeostasis. Absence of Six1 and Six4 leads to the development of dorsal myofibers lacking expression of fast-type muscle genes, and mainly expressing a slow-type muscle program. The absence of restriction of the slow-type program during the fetal period in SixdKO back muscles is associated with a decreased HDAC4 protein level, and subcellular relocalization of the transcription repressor Sox6. Six genes thus behave as essential global regulators of muscle gene expression, as well as a central switch to drive the skeletal muscle fast phenotype during fetal development.

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7. Srf-Dependent Paracrine Signals Produced by Myofibers Control Satellite Cell-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy

Author

Nicolas Cagnard, Luis Garcia, Athanassia Sotiropoulos, Guillaume Précigout, Maryline Favier, Dany Graindorge, David Tuil, Laura Collard, Sabrina Batonnet-Pichon, Charlotte Lahoute, Sophie Hébrard, Dominique Daegelen, and Aline Guerci

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Serum Response Factor, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle, Physiology, Genetic Vectors, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Paracrine Communication, Biology, Muscle hypertrophy, Paracrine signalling, Mice, Internal medicine, Serum response factor, medicine, Animals, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, Cell Proliferation, Cell fusion, Cell growth, Interleukin-6, Translation (biology), Cell Biology, Hypertrophy, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Endocrinology, Cyclooxygenase 2, Satellite (biology), Female, Interleukin-4
Abstract

SummaryAdult skeletal muscles adapt their fiber size to workload. We show that serum response factor (Srf) is required for satellite cell-mediated hypertrophic muscle growth. Deletion of Srf from myofibers and not satellite cells blunts overload-induced hypertrophy, and impairs satellite cell proliferation and recruitment to pre-existing fibers. We reveal a gene network in which Srf within myofibers modulates interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2/interleukin-4 expressions and therefore exerts a paracrine control of satellite cell functions. In Srf-deleted muscles, in vivo overexpression of interleukin-6 is sufficient to restore satellite cell proliferation but not satellite cell fusion and overall growth. In contrast cyclooxygenase-2/interleukin-4 overexpression rescue satellite cell recruitment and muscle growth without affecting satellite cell proliferation, identifying altered fusion as the limiting cellular event. These findings unravel a role for Srf in the translation of mechanical cues applied to myofibers into paracrine signals, which in turn will modulate satellite cell functions and support muscle growth.

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