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Tiejun Pan,1,* Rongpei Wu,2,* Bo Liu,1 Handong Wen,1 Zhong Tu,1 Jun Guo,1 Jiarong Yang,1 Guoqiu Shen1 1Department of Urology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, Hubei, 2Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in men, and thus, finding new regulators is critical for PC therapy. Prostate and breast cancer overexpressed 1 (PBOV1) is overexpressed in breast, prostate, and bladder cancers, as it is upregulated in the serum of patients with PC, but the role of PBOV1 in PC has not been studied. In this article, we found that PBOV1 was indeed overexpressed in PC cells; PBOV1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and colony formation ability and arrested cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and tumorigenicity ability in vitro, whereas knockdown of PBOV1 reduced these effects. Further analysis of PBOV1 overexpression inhibited cell cycle inhibitors, P21 and P27, and increased the phosphorylation level of Rb and cyclin D1 expression, suggesting that PBOV1 promoted cell proliferation through promoting G1/S transition. Keywords: prostate cancer, PBOV1, cell proliferation, G1/S transition