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Objective To discuss the influence and significance of stromal cell- derived factor 1 (SDF -1) and its specific receptor CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) in proliferation, migration and invasion ability of SW480 colorectal cancer cells. Methods The colorectal cancer cell line SW480 in logarithmic phase was divided into four groups: control group (with no any processing), SDF-1 group (added 100 µg/L SDF-1), SDF-1 + 1 mg/L AMD3100 mixed group (added 1 mg/L AMD3100 for 2 hours, then added 100 µg/L SDF-1) and AMD3100 group (added 1 mg/L AMD3100). Immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the protein expression of CXCR4 in SW480 cells. The expression of CXCR4 mRNA in SW480 cells was detected by RT-PCR before and after SDF-1 and AMD3100 treatment. MTT assay and transwell chamber were used to test the changes of proliferation, migration and invasion ability of SW480 cells before and after SDF-1 and AMD3100 treatment. Results The result of immunohistochemistry showed that CXCR4 protein was expressed in SW480 cells (positive rate=80%). CXCR4 mRNA was expressed in SW480 cells. The expression of CXCR4 mRNA was up-regulated by SDF-1(100 µg/L), which could be inhibited by AMD3100 (1 mg/L). The proliferation activity was higher in SDF-1 group (0.847±0.039) compared to that in control group (0.624±0.011) and SDF-1 + AMD3100 mixed group (0.607 ±0.016). The proliferation activity was lower in AMD3100 group (0.456±0.031) than that in control group and SDF-1 + AMD3100 mixed group (F=108.03, P<0.05). The number of transmembrane cells was more in SDF-1 group (98.7±5.8, 33.7±6.2) than that in control group (21.0±2.2, 6.1±2.3), SDF-1 + 1 mg/L AMD3100 mixed group (18.5±8.4, 8.5±2.8) and AMD3100 group (12.1±3.2, 2.1±1.0) detected by transwell chamber experiment. However, there were no statistical differences between three groups. Conclusion The biological axis SDF- 1/CXCR4 can promote the proliferation, migration and invasion in colorectal cancer cell line SW480. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]