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The advancement of science and technology, coupled with the growing environmental consciousness among individuals, has led to a shift in pesticide development from traditional methods characterized by inefficiency and misuse toward a more sustainable and eco-friendly approach. Cellulose, as the most abundant natural renewable resource, has opened up a new avenue in the field of biobased drug carriers by developing cellulose-based drug delivery systems. These systems offer unique advantages in terms of deposition rate enhancement, modification facilitation, and environmental impact reduction when designing nanopesticides. Consequently, their application in the field of nanoscale pesticides has gained widespread recognition. The present study provides a comprehensive review of cellulose modification methods, carrier types for cellulose-based nanopesticides delivery systems (CPDS), and various stimulus-response factors influencing pesticide release. Additionally, the main challenges in the design and application of CPDS are summarized, highlighting the immense potential of cellulose-based materials in the field of nanopesticides.

With rising living standards and environmental awareness, materials-oriented chemical engineering has increasingly transitioned from traditional rough models to more resource-saving and eco-friendly models, providing an avenue for bio-based materials in the drug carrier field. Because of its excellent physical and chemical properties, including high specific surface area, abundant accessible hydroxyl groups, biocompatibility, and degradability, nanocellulose (NC) is an emerging bio-based material that has been widely exploited as biomedical materials. The modification techniques of NC, as well as advancements in the design and applications of drug carriers, were primarily discussed in this study. First, the NC modification methods are described; second, the applications of NC and its derivatives as drug carriers are summarized, focusing on NC-based carrier models, types of loaded therapeutic agents, and controlled release stimulators; and finally, the current challenges of NC in the drug carrier field and the directions of future research are also discussed., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Traditional therapeutic regimens are currently far from satisfactory, and the integration of biocompatible carbohydrate polymers and nanotechnologies with conventional therapeutics has become a focus of research in cancer therapy. Herein, A novel biocompatible and pH-responsive nanohydrogel composed of two functional polymeric chains was developed from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), or dopamine (DPA). The biological molecules PDA and ALA were respectively conjugated to CNC through the coordination of iron ions to form two functional polymeric chains (PDA/Fe@CNC and ALA/Fe@CNC). The PDA/Fe@CNC chain increased the adhesion of the nanohydrogels to cells, while the ALA/Fe@CNC chain significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, PTX molecules loaded into the nanohydrogels combined with ROS to efficiently kill tumor cells. The nanohydrogels displayed excellent cell affinity, high ROS yield (8.0-fold greater than that in control), and strong cytotoxicity (2.7 % of cell viability). The present study highlights the great potential of biocompatible natural polysaccharide-based materials for biomedical applications, and provides a new strategy for reducing the toxicity and side effects associated with traditional chemotherapy, demonstrating a novel antitumor treatment paradigm with high-efficiency but with only minor side effects., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Hydrogel for various applications, such as cell encapsulation and controlled release of drugs, has attracted the field of biomaterials in the past decades. Specially, research on the surface-modified nanocellulose hydrogel has grown rapidly on account of the importance of target delivery in the anti-cancer therapy. In this work, surface-modified nanocellulose was mixed with hexadecyl amine as long chains to blend to build a network to produce hydrogel, which was successfully developed for controlled and targeted delivery of paclitaxel. The pH-stimuli surface-modified nanocellulose hydrogel was characterized and biological evaluated in vitro. The hydrogel was stable at pH 7.4 and paclitaxel was released by the shape change of hydrogel in an acidic environment (pH 5.5), and the sustained release of paclitaxel was observed at pH 5.5. The vitro cytotoxicity studies indicated that the drug accumulation and the inhibition of A549 and HepG2 cells was effectively increased by the surface-modified nanocellulose hydrogel as compared with free paclitaxel. The inhibitory effect of A549 cells was improved by nearly 30% as compared with free paclitaxel and the apoptosis rate was up to 90.5% after 12 h incubation. In addition, the inversion test and the results of a series of cell experiments in vitro demonstrated a good performance of the surface-modified nanocellulose hydrogel., (Copyright © 2019. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

When compared with traditional petroleum-based materials, bio-based materials show greater application potential in the field of biomedicine owing to the good biocompatibility, in specifical, the application of natural macromolecular polymers in chemotherapeutics has become a hot topic in anticancer treatment. In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were selected as carriers, and Au nanoparticles (NPs) were directly conjugated on their surface, with the highly reactive Cu2+ ions serving as an ion–ligand bridge, to construct a multifunctional nanocatalyst. These findings suggest that the nanosystem delivers a large amount of highly reactive Cu2+ ions (3.75 wt%) and DOX (7.71 wt%) by the surface loading of cellulose nanocrystals, which greatly improves ROS yield and promotes the application of the Fenton reaction system in cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The sulfonated cellulose nanocrystals/sodium alginate (SCNCs/SA) beads prepared with excellent adsorbing force as matrine adsorbents was developed. • The adsorbent offers enhanced stability, efficiency, sustainability and biocompatibility. • The underlying mechanisms between matrine and adsorbents were demonstrated. Matrine is a type of alkaloid found in plants, exhibiting a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. The process of separating and purifying matrine poses challenges due to its low concentration and frequent presence in mixtures during raw extraction. This work aims at synthesizing suitable adsorbents for efficient separation and purification of matrine from plant materials. The sulfonated cellulose nanocrystals/sodium alginate beads (SCNCs/SA) were synthesized by the ionic gelation method, characterized and investigated for the adsorption of matrine from water. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of SCNCs/SA beads for matrine at 298 K was approximately 55.66 mg/g. The adsorption enthalpy, entropy, and free energy of matrine on the SCNCs/SA beads were evaluated, indicating that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic, and primarily driven by physisorption. 95 % of the adsorption equilibrium could be achieved within 60 min, and approximately 20 bed volumes of an 80 % (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution for effective recovery. The adsorption isotherms are analyzed using both Langmuir and Freundlich models, the kinetic of adsorption using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models, and the breakthrough curves using four breakthrough models. These results suggested that the rapid adsorption and effortless regeneration render SCNCs/SA beads as promising adsorbents for the efficient adsorption and separation of matrine from plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]