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Against the background that China has entered the middle-late stage of population urbanization, conducting a multi-dimensional exploration of its development pattern from a structural level under the superficial phenomenon of rapid urbanization is conducive to a clear identification and understanding of the internal mechanisms and rules of urbanization, the discovery of problems existing in the process of urbanization, and the proposal of rational response strategies. This paper mainly used the county-level data from China's sixth and seventh population censuses, taking the prefecture-level administrative region as the basic statistical unit, to comprehensively analyze the development pattern of China's population urbanization from 2010 to 2020 in terms of changes in the urban and rural populations, sources of urban population growth, and the spatial distribution of the urban population at the provincial and regional levels. The results showed that: (J) The increase in the population urbanization ratio was the result of the joint effect of changes in the urban and rural populations, and the contribution of urban population growth was slightly higher than that of rural population decline. © The migration of the rural population to cities was still the absolute main force driving urban population growth in China, followed by territorial adjustment growth and natural growth. © The spatial distribution of the urban population tended to be dispersed, and the contribution of county-residing urban population changes to urbanization was slightly higher than that of urban population changes in urban areas. ® The urbanization ratio increase in the northeast region was mainly the result of the decrease in the rural population. Natural negative growth and net outflows occurred in the urban population. Moreover, most of this region experienced serious losses in the county-residing urban population. Accordingly, different levels of governments should promptly examine the structural characteristics of their urbanization in the past, continuously promote economic development, and improve public service supply based on the characteristics of their own natural conditions and conditions of urban population changes and distributions to formulate more targeted population urbanization strategies and to explore a sustainable population urbanization path that meets their own reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying the spatial characteristics of China's ageing and its influencing factors is of great practical significance because China has the largest elderly population in the world. Using 2000 and 2010 census data, this study explores the degree, pace, and pattern of population ageing and its driving mechanism using exploratory spatial data analysis and the geographically weighed regression model. Between 2000 and 2010, population ageing increased rapidly countrywide; yet, spatial differences between eastern and western China narrowed. The degree of provincial population ageing and its spatiality were determined by natural population growth, migration, and local economic development. Life expectancy and mortality were the primary long-term factors, and GDP per capita was the prime contributor in the early days of economic development; the migration rate was the dominant influence after 2010. China's overall spatial differentiation of population ageing shifted from a north–south to an east–west division. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]