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Background: In Brazil, the indigenous population presents the highest socioeconomic and epidemiological vulnerabilities. In 2010, 46.8% of the urban indigenous population lived in the Legal Amazon socio-geographic division. Objective: To analyze the basic sanitation infrastructure of urban dwellings inside and outside the Legal Amazon with a focus on indigenous people. Method: Descriptive study on the basic sanitation conditions of households whose heads were indigenous and non-indigenous individuals according to the 2010 Brazilian Census. Frequencies were calculated for water supply, sanitary sewage, and waste destination according to location in the Legal Amazon. Prevalence ratios were calculated to compare the groups. Results: In 2010, there were 114,600 urban indigenous domiciles in Brazil, and 17.4% of them were located in the Legal Amazon. Six out of 10 urban indigenous domiciles did not have adequate sewage treatment. Indigenous domiciles had higher chances of having precarious basic sanitation. In the Legal Amazon, indigenous domiciles presented a 2-fold chance of not having adequate sanitation facilities compared with that of other domiciles. Conclusion: Even in situations where the population groups are more expressive, indigenous people present important inequalities in relation to the rest of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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