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Abstract: This paper reports the paramagnetic behavior of Mn doped ZnO co-doped with rare earth (Gd and Sm) atoms. The formation of secondary rare earth oxides (Gd2O3 and Sm2O3) is confirmed from the X-ray diffraction patterns. The rare earth oxides in the system forbids the grain growth and interconnection between the grains. The weak link between the grains suppresses the long range exchange interaction between the Mn ions and hence, reduces the ferromagnetic ordering. Owing to the large mismatch between ionic radii of rare earth and transition metal atoms inside the matrix, the rare earth element cannot contribute to promote ferromagnetic behavior in Mn doped ZnO, irrespective of their high individual magnetic moments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A clean signature of room temperature multiferroicity in Bi1.2Gd0.1Fe0.8O3 ceramics is observed. Samples were prepared by slow step sintering technique at 850°C. Impurity peaks normally present in original BiFeO3 are completely suppressed with the increase of Bi concentration. Apart from this, structural transformation took place from R3 C to Pn21 a space group and a clear orthorhombic grain growth habit is seen by SEM microstructure. Suppression of impurity phases favors the reduction of mobile oxygen vacancies and hence reduces leakage current for which ferroelectric properties of Bi1.2Gd0.1Fe0.8O3 are enhanced. We argue that the addition of Gd is likely to suppress the spiral spin modulation and at the same time increase the canting angle which favors the enhanced ferromagnetism. Excess Bi is expected to act as point defects and occupy interstitial positions which in turn surrounded by oxygen vacancies and is likely to promote defect driven ferromagnetism with enhanced spin and electric polarization. This finding encourages further revaluation of long-discounted BiFeO3 for multiferroics research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]