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Abstract: Background: While evidence suggests that lobar intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is linked with dementia and cognitive impairment, the association between cognition and mortality risk from ICH is unclear. Aims: To examine the association between dementia or cognitive impairment and short- and medium-term mortality post ICH. Methods: Patients with primary ICH were classified into lobar and non-lobar ICH using radiological criteria. Patients'' characteristics and radiological measures were collected at the baseline along with history of dementia and cognitive impairment. Mortality risks at 7, 30, 60, and 90days were assessed using multiple logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders identified as significant associates in univariate models. Results: A total of 136 patients (males 50%, mean age 77years, SD 10) were included in this study. Out of 53 (39%) patients with lobar ICH 47 (89%) were classified as having possible and 6 (11%) as probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In lobar ICH the prevalence of history of dementia or cognitive impairment, confusion at presentation, previous ICH, multiple haemorrhages, and initial haematoma volume were significantly higher (p<0.05). In lobar ICH the significant mortality predictors (p<0.05) were history of dementia or cognitive impairment (90days), prior antiplatelet use (60 and 90days), initial haematoma volume (60days), male sex (30 and 60days), age (30, 60, 90days), and low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) (7 and 30days). In non-lobar ICH prior use of anticoagulation, initial haematoma volume, low GCS and age were significant mortality predictors (p<0.05). Conclusion: A history of dementia or cognitive impairment is more common in lobar CAA-related ICH and it is a medium-term mortality predictor in lobar ICH but not in deep non-lobar ICH. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]