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Objective: To evaluate the risk factors of prognosis in patients with primary pontine hemorrhage., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 60 patients admitted with a diagnosis of primary pontine hemorrhage to the Department of Neurology of Nanfang Hospital in Guangzhou City. Patients were classified as survivors (n=34) and non-survivors (n=26) according to their outcomes on 30 days from the onset of symptoms. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed on clinical data and imaging features of patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) analysis was used on continuous parameters verified by multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine their cut-off value., Results: The 30-day mortality was 43.3% for 60 patients with primary pontine hemorrhage. Univariate analysis showed Glasgow coma scale (GCS) at admission, temperature, heart rate, hemorrhage volume, mechanical ventilation, involvement of ventricles and location of hematoma were statistically related to 30-day mortality in patients with primary pontine hemorrhage. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the GCS at admission [odds ratio (OR)=0.745, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) 0.585 to 0.949], hemorrhage volume (OR=1.438, 95%CI 1.077 to 1.919) and location of hematoma (basal-tegmental hemorrhage, OR=0.120, 95%CI 0.016 to 0.904) were independent risk factors of poor prognosis in patients with primary pontine hemorrhage (all P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed the cut-off value for GCS score at admission and hemorrhage volume was 7.5 and 5.5 ml, respectively., Conclusion: Patients suffering from primary pontine hemorrhage in the basal-tegmental region, GCS<7.5 at admission and hemorrhage volume≥5.5 ml would lead to a poor outcome in 30 days.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs)., Methods: A total of 113 patients with cerebrovascular diseases underwent examinations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain (including T1WI, T2WI, FLAIR, and SWI) and blood biochemical tests, and the brain regions, number and grades of the CMBs were analyzed. The association between CMBs and the cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed., Results: A The occurrence and grade of CMBs were associated with the patients' age, hypertension, diabetes, lacunar infarction, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (P<0.05). CMB occurrence was significantly associated with diabetes, hypertension, and lacunar infarction (P<0.05), and its incidence varied significantly between different brain regions (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Age, hypertension, diabetes, lacunar infarction, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and HDL are all risk factors for CMBs, among which diabetes, hypertension, and lacunar infarction are significant risk factors. CMBs occurs most frequently in the cortex and subcortical region, followed by the basal ganglia, thalamus, and the cerebellum, and most unlikely in the brainstem.