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This paper aims to study the effect of sevoflurane and propofol on cerebral oxygen metabolism during the maintenance of paediatric anaesthesia. To this end, the children who had undergone surgical treatment in General Surgery Department were selected as study subjects, and they were divided into experimental group and control group. Patients in the control group received propofol to maintain anesthesia, while patients in the experimental group maintained anaesthesia with sevoflurane. Then, the hemodynamic changes at different time points and the depth of anesthesia were compared between the two groups of patients during anesthesia maintenance. The results show that there was no significant difference in cerebral oxygen metabolism between these two groups; the content detected in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Therefore, it is concluded that both the sevoflurane and propofol in the pediatric anesthesia maintenance process has a good effect value, which can reduce cerebral oxygen metabolism in children and have a minor impact on hemodynamics, but the sevoflurane is significantly superior to propofol in reducing cerebral oxygen metabolism.