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Abstract: An exopolysaccharide (EPS) producing strain of Streptococcus thermophilus was evaluated for the production of Panela cheese using two total solids milk (TSM) concentrations (12.5 and 17.5g/100mL). This ropy strain increased cheese yield; nevertheless, with 12.5 TSM the increment was higher than with 17.5 TSM. Analysis of cheese composition showed that with 12.5 TSM, the ropy strain increased moisture, but did not change the fat or non fat solids on dry weight basis (dwb), suggesting that the increment of the yield is only due to water retention. In 17.5 TSM cheeses the ropy strain caused an increase in the moisture and fat (dwb), suggesting that besides water retention, fat also contributed to the yield. The difference in yield increment could be explained by cheese composition: higher fat content creates a more hydrophobic environment, which would expel more water than the cheese with lower fat content. Electron microscopy showed EPS attached to the protein matrix of the cheeses. In 17.5 TSM cheeses EPS was observed around the milk fat globules (MFG), confirming that higher TSM causes EPS to bind the MFG besides binding the protein matrix, retaining fat within the cheese. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that ropy cheeses were softer and creamier. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]