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In this study, a SnO 2 based composite composed of SnO 2 nanoparticles, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polyaniline (PANI) sheets was synthesized and evaluated as the anode material of high performance Li-ion batteries. The rGO/SnO 2 /PANI composite exhibited excellent electrochemical performance including high capacity (1017 mAh g − 1 at 200 mA g − 1 for the 2nd cycle), superior rate capability (397 mAh g − 1 at a current density of 10 A g − 1 ) and cyclic stability (1280 mAh g − 1 after 200 cycles). The significant enhancements in electrochemical performance are ascribed to the nanostructure of the composite in which SnO 2 nanoparticles of around 3.9 nm were most probably sandwiched between rGO and PANI sheets that are flexible and conductive. Extremely fine SnO 2 nanoparticles, high specific surface area, mesoporous structure and good electrical conductivity of the composite resulted in the high capacity and superior rate performance. The nanostructure of rGO/SnO 2 /PANI can accommodate volume expansion during lithiation of SnO 2 and at the same time inhibit particle aggregation during cycling, yielding excellent cyclic stability of the rGO/SnO 2 /PANI composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A direct hydrazine fuel cell using H2O2 as the oxidizer has been developed. The N2H4/H2O2 fuel cell is assembled by using Ni–Pt/C composite catalyst as the anode catalyst, Au/C as the cathode catalyst, and Nafion membrane as the electrolyte. Both anolyte and catholyte show significant influences on cell voltage and cell performance. The open-circuit voltage of the N2H4/H2O2 fuel cell reaches up to 1.75V when using alkaline N2H4 solution as the anolyte and acidic H2O2 solution as the catholyte. A maximum power density of 1.02Wcm−2 has been achieved at operation temperature of 80°C. The number of electrons exchanged in the H2O2 reduction reaction on Au/C catalyst is 2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]