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Hospitals in Sweden differ greatly in their use of laboratory tests. These differences seem to be due to traditions and regional differences. The cost of a single laboratory test is often low, but since many tests are used in great numbers, the consequences of false or misleading results can be very costly. Recently, several intervention studies have been carried out in Sweden with the aim of optimizing clinical chemistry testing routines in primary care. These studies show that it is possible to reduce the cost to primary care by SEK 100 million per year while increasing clinical utility. SEK 100 million is approximately 10% of the total cost of clinical chemistry testing in primary care. It should also be possible to reduce this cost in secondary and tertiary care. Hospitals order more tests than primary care, and thus the potential savings are larger. We have studied ordering routines at eleven Swedish hospitals. Comparisons were made in the form of ratios between related laboratory tests, in order to reduce the effects of differences of scale between the laboratories that were studied. The large variation between hospitals indicates that an ongoing discussion between clinicians and laboratories could reduce costs. We have used the figures from this comparison and calculated the potential savings for seven frequently used tests. The potential yearly savings in Sweden for these tests alone is approximately SEK 150 million. We estimate that this is just half of the amount that could be saved if all tests were included.