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114 results on '"A. Calatroni"'

1. Microplastics and Kidneys: An Update on the Evidence for Deposition of Plastic Microparticles in Human Organs, Tissues and Fluids and Renal Toxicity Concern

Author

Edoardo La Porta, Ottavia Exacoustos, Francesca Lugani, Andrea Angeletti, Decimo Silvio Chiarenza, Carolina Bigatti, Sonia Spinelli, Xhuliana Kajana, Andrea Garbarino, Maurizio Bruschi, Giovanni Candiano, Gianluca Caridi, Nicoletta Mancianti, Marta Calatroni, Daniela Verzola, Pasquale Esposito, Francesca Viazzi, Enrico Verrina, and Gian Marco Ghiggeri

Subjects
microplastics, environment, toxicity, kidney disease, Raman spectroscopy, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Plastic pollution became a main challenge for human beings as demonstrated by the increasing dispersion of plastic waste into the environment. Microplastics (MPs) have become ubiquitous and humans are exposed daily to inhalation or ingestion of plastic microparticles. Recent studies performed using mainly spectroscopy or spectrometry-based techniques have shown astounding evidence for the presence of MPs in human tissues, organs and fluids. The placenta, meconium, breast milk, lung, intestine, liver, heart and cardiovascular system, blood, urine and cerebrovascular liquid are afflicted by MPs’ presence and deposition. On the whole, obtained data underline a great heterogeneity among different tissue and organs of the polymers characterized and the microparticles’ dimension, even if most of them seem to be below 50–100 µm. Evidence for the possible contribution of MPs in human diseases is still limited and this field of study in medicine is in an initial state. However, increasing studies on their toxicity in vitro and in vivo suggest worrying effects on human cells mainly mediated by oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis. Nephrological studies are insufficient and evidence for the presence of MPs in human kidneys is still lacking, but the little evidence present in the literature has demonstrated histological and functional alteration of kidneys in animal models and cytotoxicity through apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress and inflammation in kidney cells. Overall, the manuscript we report in this review recommends urgent further study to analyze potential correlations between kidney disease and MPs’ exposure in human.

Published
2023
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2. Electron Beam Characterization of REBCO-Coated Conductors at Cryogenic Conditions

Author

Michal Haubner, Patrick Krkotić, Catarina Serafim, Valentine Petit, Vincent Baglin, Sergio Calatroni, Bernard Henrist, Artur Romanov, Teresa Puig, and Joffre Gutierrez

Subjects
REBCO, HTS, SEY, ESD, SEM, EDS, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Particle accelerators with superconducting magnets operating at cryogenic temperatures use a beam screen (BS) liner that extracts heat generated by the circulating bunched charge particle beam before it can reach the magnets. The BS surface, commonly made of high–conductivity copper, provides a low impedance for beam stability reasons, low secondary electron yield (SEY) to mitigate the electron–cloud (EC) effect, and low electron–stimulated desorption yield (ESD) to limit the dynamic pressure rise due to EC. Rare–earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) high–temperature superconductors (HTSs) recently reached technical maturity, are produced as coated conductor tapes (REBCO–CCs), and will be considered for application in future colliders to decrease the BS impedance and enable operation at around 50 K, consequently relaxing the cryogenic requirements. Aside from HTS properties, industry–grade REBCO–CCs also need qualification for EC and dynamic vacuum compatibility under accelerator–like conditions. Hence, we report the SEY and ESD measured at cryogenic temperatures of 12 K under low–energy electron irradiation of 0–1.4 keV. We also verify the sample compositions and morphologies using the XPS, SEM, and EDS methods. The energy and dose dependencies of ESD are comparable to those of technical–grade metals and one sample reached SEYMAX = 1.2 after electron conditioning.

Published
2023
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3. Understanding the Influence of Diverse Non-Volatile Media on Rheological Properties of Thermophilic Biological Sludge and Evaluation of Its Thixotropic Behaviour

Author

Maria Cristina Collivignarelli, Sara Todeschini, Stefano Bellazzi, Marco Carnevale Miino, Francesca Maria Caccamo, Silvia Calatroni, Marco Baldi, and Sauro Manenti

Subjects
thermophilic sludge, non-volatile solids, sewage sludge, rheology, sludge conditioning, thixotropic behaviour, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In this study, the rheological properties of thermophilic biological sludge (TBS) have been investigated evaluating the influence of non-volatile solids (NVS). Calcium carbonate, sand, and sodium bentonite were separately added to the sludge to evaluate the effect of concentration and type of NVS. Results show that TBS consistency coefficient significantly enhanced increasing sodium bentonite concentration. On the contrary, calcium carbonate and sand showed relatively small influence on the rheological properties of TBS. Thixotropic behaviour of TBS has also been investigated and is more pronounced at higher shear rate (1000 s−1). Double exponential fitting model was the best choice to represent thixotropic behaviour in case of low (100 s−1) and high shear rate (1000 s−1), while a single-exponential model represents the best option in case of medium shear rate (400 s−1).

Published
2022
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4. Blood Thiol Redox State in Chronic Kidney Disease

Author

Maria Lisa Garavaglia, Daniela Giustarini, Graziano Colombo, Francesco Reggiani, Silvia Finazzi, Marta Calatroni, Lucia Landoni, Nicola Marcello Portinaro, Aldo Milzani, Salvatore Badalamenti, Ranieri Rossi, and Isabella Dalle-Donne

Subjects
chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, protein thiols, S-thiolated proteins, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Thiols (sulfhydryl groups) are effective antioxidants that can preserve the correct structure of proteins, and can protect cells and tissues from damage induced by oxidative stress. Abnormal levels of thiols have been measured in the blood of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to healthy subjects, as well as in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The levels of protein thiols (a measure of the endogenous antioxidant capacity inversely related to protein oxidation) and S-thiolated proteins (mixed disulphides of protein thiols and low molecular mass thiols), and the protein thiolation index (the molar ratio of the S-thiolated proteins to free protein thiols in plasma) have been investigated in the plasma or red blood cells of CKD and ESRD patients as possible biomarkers of oxidative stress. This type of minimally invasive analysis provides valuable information on the redox status of the less-easily accessible tissues and organs, and of the whole organism. This review provides an overview of reversible modifications in protein thiols in the setting of CKD and renal replacement therapy. The evidence suggests that protein thiols, S-thiolated proteins, and the protein thiolation index are promising biomarkers of reversible oxidative stress that could be included in the routine monitoring of CKD and ESRD patients.

Published
2022
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5. Rice Industry By-Products as Adsorbent Materials for Removing Fluoride and Arsenic from Drinking Water—A Review

Author

Maria Cristina Collivignarelli, Sabrina Sorlini, Chiara Milanese, W. A. M. A. N. Illankoon, Francesca Maria Caccamo, and Silvia Calatroni

Subjects
low-cost defluorination, groundwater adsorption, geogenic pollutants, rice waste, rice husk, rice straw, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

In drinking water, high concentrations of fluoride and arsenic can have adverse effects on human health. Waste deriving from the rice industry (rice husk, rice straw, rice bran) can be promising adsorbent materials, because they are (i) produced in large quantities in many parts of the world, (ii) recoverable in a circular economy perspective, (iii) at low cost if compared to expensive conventional activated carbon, and (iv) easily manageable even in developing countries. For the removal of fluoride, rice husk and rice straw allowed to obtain adsorption capacities in the range of 7.9–15.2 mg/g. Using rice husk for arsenic adsorption, excellent results were achieved with adsorption capacities above 19 mg/g. The best results both for fluorides and arsenic (>50 mg/g) were found with metal- or chemical-modified rice straw and rice husk. Identifying the next steps of future research to ensure the upscaling of biochar from recovered by-products, it is fundamental to perform: (i) tests on real waters for multicomponent adsorption; (ii) experiments with pilot plants in continuous operation; (iii) cost analysis/real applicability of modification treatments such as metal coupling or chemical synthesis; (iv) more studies on the biochar stability and on its regeneration or recovery after use.

Published
2022
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6. Beyond ISN/RPS Lupus Nephritis Classification: Adding Chronicity Index to Clinical Variables Predicts Kidney Survival

Author

Giulia Porata, Silvana Quaglini, Claudio Ponticelli, Francesco Reggiani, Valentina Binda, Giovanni Banfi, Lucia Sacchi, Francesca Raffiotta, Marta Calatroni, Gabriella Moroni, and Giulia Frontini

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Biopsy, Kidney Glomerulus, Lupus nephritis, Renal function, Kidney, Logistic regression, Gastroenterology, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Original Investigation, Creatinine, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Glomerulosclerosis, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Lupus Nephritis, United States, chemistry, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: A renewed interest for activity and chronicity indices as predictors of lupus nephritis (LN) outcome has emerged. Revised National Institutes of Health activity and chronicity indices have been proposed to classify LN lesions, but they should be validated by future studies. The aims of this study were (1) to detect the histologic features associated with the development of kidney function impairment (KFI), and (2) to identify the best clinical-histologic model to predict KFI at time of kidney biopsy. METHODS: Patients with LN who had more than ten glomeruli per kidney biopsy specimen were admitted to the study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate whether activity and chronicity indices could predict KFI development. RESULTS: Among 203 participants with LN followed for 14 years, correlations were found between the activity index, and its components, and clinical-laboratory signs of active LN at baseline. The chronicity index was correlated with serum creatinine. Thus, serum creatinine was significantly and directly correlated with both activity and chronicity indices. In the multivariate analysis, glomerulosclerosis (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.17 to 7.91; P=0.02) and fibrous crescents (OR, 6.84; 95% CI, 3.22 to 14.52; P

Published
2022

7. Pretomanid with bedaquiline and linezolid for drug-resistant TB: a comparison of prospective cohorts

Author

Francesca Conradie, G Wills, M. Olugbosi, A Calatroni, Mendel Carl M, Pauline Howell, Daniel Everitt, E Sun, N Ngubane, Aliasgar Esmail, A. del Parigi, Angela M. Crook, Melvin Spigelman, Andreas H. Diacon, Olatunde Olayanju, Keertan Dheda, and Suzette Oelofse

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Drug, medicine.medical_specialty, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, media_common.quotation_subject, 030106 microbiology, Antitubercular Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant, Culture conversion, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Diarylquinolines, media_common, business.industry, Linezolid, Regimen, Infectious Diseases, 030228 respiratory system, chemistry, Nitroimidazoles, Pretomanid, Relative risk, Cohort, Bedaquiline, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND: There are no data comparing the 6–9 month oral three-drug Nix regimen (bedaquiline, pretomanid and linezolid [BPaL]) to conventional regimens containing bedaquiline (B, BDQ) and linezolid (L, LZD).METHODS: Six-month post end-of-treatment outcomes were compared between Nix-TB (n = 109) and 102 prospectively recruited extensively drug-resistant TB patients who received an ˜18-month BDQ-based regimen (median of 8 drugs). A subset of patients received BDQ and LZD (n = 86), and a subgroup of these (n = 75) served as individually matched controls in a pairwise comparison to determine differences in regimen efficacy.RESULTS: Favourable outcomes (%) were significantly better with BPaL than with the B–L-based combination regimen (98/109, 89.9% vs. 56/86, 65.1%; adjusted relative risk ratio [aRRR] 1.35; P < 0.001) and in the matched pairwise analysis (67/75, 89.3% vs. 48/75, 64.0%; aRRR 1.39; P = 0.001), despite significantly higher baseline bacterial load and prior second-line drug exposure in the BPaL cohort. Time to culture conversion (P < 0.001), time to unfavourable outcome (P < 0.01) and time to death (P < 0.03) were significantly better or lower with BPaL than the B-L-based combinations.CONCLUSION: The BPaL regimen (and hence substitution of multiple other drugs by pretomanid and/or higher starting-dose LZD) may improve outcomes in drug-resistant TB patients with poor prognostic features. However, prospective controlled studies are required to definitively answer this question.

Published
2021

8. Skin tape proteomics identifies pathways associated with transepidermal water loss and allergen polysensitization in atopic dermatitis

Author

Agustin Calatroni, Elena Goleva, Robert N. Cole, Patricia A. Taylor, Petra LeBeau, Simion Kreimer, Evgeny Berdyshev, and Donald Y.M. Leung

Subjects
Adult, Male, Proteomics, 0301 basic medicine, Endotype, Proteome, Immunology, Immunoglobulin E, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Dermatitis, Atopic, Allergic sensitization, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Allergen, Food allergy, Keratin, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Prospective Studies, Child, chemistry.chemical_classification, Transepidermal water loss, integumentary system, biology, business.industry, Water, Atopic dermatitis, Allergens, medicine.disease, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, chemistry, biology.protein, Female, Epidermis, business
Abstract

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA) are associated with skin barrier dysfunction. Objective Skin biomarkers are needed for skin barrier interventions studies. Methods In this study, skin tape strip (STS) samples were collected from nonlesional skin of 62 children in AD FA+, AD FA−, and nonatopic groups for mass spectrometry proteomic analysis. transepidermal water loss and allergic sensitization were assessed. STS proteomic analysis results were validated in an independent cohort of 41 adults with AD with and without FA versus nonatopic controls. Results A group of 45 proteins was identified as a principal component 1 (PC1) with the highest expression in AD FA+ STSs. This novel set of STS proteins was highly correlative to skin transepidermal water loss and allergic sensitization. PC1 proteins included keratin intermediate filaments; proteins associated with inflammatory responses (S100 proteins, alarmins, protease inhibitors); and glycolysis and antioxidant defense enzymes. Analysis of PC1 proteins expression in an independent adult AD cohort validated differential expression of STS PC1 proteins in the skin of adult patients with AD with the history of clinical reactions to peanut. Conclusions STS analysis of nonlesional skin of AD children identified a cluster of proteins with the highest expression in AD FA+ children. The differential expression of STS PC1 proteins was confirmed in a replicate cohort of adult AD patients with FA to peanut, suggesting a unique STS proteomic endotype for AD FA+ that persists into adulthood. Collectively, PC1 proteins are associated with abnormalities in skin barrier integrity and may increase the risk of epicutaneous sensitization to food allergens.

Published
2020

9. HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 4

Author

Pushpalatha C Bhat, B. Seeber, C. Pagliarone, Marco Statera, Victor P. Goncalves, Daria Astapovych, W. Bartmann, S. Iwamoto, M. Mentink, Alessandro Tricoli, E. R. Bielert, Laurent Chevalier, Patrick Koppenburg, Marco Calviani, C. Montag, P. Spiller, Jan Uythoven, P. Di Nezza, G. Guillermo Canton, B. Sailer, Markus Elsing, Sara Khatibi, Luca Vecchi, Luigi Palumbo, J. P. Penttinen, T. Podzorny, Maneesh Kumar, J. M. Rifflet, C. Kotnig, Jean Zinn-Justin, Christopher B. Verhaaren, A. Chernoded, Alessandro Bertarelli, L. M. Tkachenko, C. Koeberl, P. J. Mallon, M. Takeuchi, W. Venturini Delsolaro, G. Lamanna, S. Weinzierl, J. Gao, W. Kaabi, David D'Enterria, D. Barna, Paolo Castelnovo, Rajat Gupta, Oliver Boine-Frankenheim, Adarsh Pyarelal, Andreas Salzburger, Tessa Charles, M.E. Biagini, O. Panella, M. Stuart, A. Kollegger, V. Garcia Diaz, Olcay Bolukbasi, Maurizio Pierini, H. Aksakal, Tord Riemann, Abhishek M. Iyer, V. Shiltsev, D. Buttazzo, J. Blümlein, Prateek Agrawal, L. Sestini, Martin Bauer, Felicitas Pauss, S. Fiorendi, F. Bossu, Marco Nardecchia, C. Leonidopoulos, Wojciech Kotlarski, A. Saba, I. Bautista-Guzmán, W. Hillert, Giorgio Ambrosio, T. Lehtinen, Michael Andrew Parker, Silvia Taroni, Gian F. Giudice, Ph. Lebrun, Johann A. Briffa, T. Risselada, Giuseppe Lerner, A. Lechner, L. S. Miralles, M. Kuze, J. M. Valet, P. S. B. Dev, S. Holleis, Ph. Schwemling, M. Biglietti, S. Banerjee, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, A. Sanz Ull, V. Tikhomirov, S. Savelyeva, Jiayin Gu, D. Zhou, Federico Ravotti, S. A. Bogacz, Daniele Mirarchi, R. Tomás García, Yann Coadou, F. Yu, Y. Cai, T. Lari, F. Holdener, D. Shwartz, C. Bhat, Ramesh Gupta, Markus Klute, E. Palmieri, P. Collier, Branislav Sitar, Yves Sirois, Livio Fanò, S. Rojas-Torres, E. Locci, Ruben Garcia Alia, I. Božović Jelisavić, R. Chehab, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, M. Pasquali, A. Di Cicco, Bernhard Auchmann, Klaus Heinemann, Alessia Tricomi, D. Lucchesi, B. Haerer, M. Morrone, Paolo Giacomelli, Sonia Carra, A. Senol, Ivan Koop, Luca Silvestrini, Anna Stakia, Heather Gray, E. Skordis, A. D. Kovalenko, Paul Langacker, R. Li, Bernardo Bordini, R. Rata, Arjan Verweij, Shehu S. AbdusSalam, Andrey Karyukhin, U. van Rienen, Gianluigi Arduini, Bernhard Holzer, S. A. Nikitin, S. S. Kozub, Satoshi Mishima, B. Di Micco, S. Izquierdo Bermudez, N. Pukhaeva, Nigel Watson, F. Prino, Jean-Michel Sallese, Sotirios Vlachos, Alessandro Vicini, A. Valassi, Daniel Treille, F. Dordei, A. M. Fernandez Navarro, B. Dziewit, Marcello Abbrescia, J. M. Hauptman, I. Chaikovska, Paolo Giubellino, Michael J. Baker, V.V. Kashikhin, Friedrich Lackner, Filippo Sala, A. Langner, D. Pulikowski, H. Eriksson, Matteo Turri, Andrea Wulzer, M. Aiba, Lisa Borgonovi, I. Morozov, V. Haurylavets, J. F. Croteau, S. Boselli, L. A. Gonzalez Gomez, Claudia Tambasco, F. Mahmoudi, Sébastien Descotes-Genon, A. Luciani, Pavel Piminov, M. Varasteh, T. Herzig, Sandra Aumon, Cristina Bernini, Joseph Bramante, Roberta Arnaldi, G. Zick, Daniel Schulte, R. Santoro, Anna Kulesza, I. Turk Cakir, M. Nonis, Silvia Posada Arias, Livia Soffi, T. Wojtoń, E. Cennini, Florian Bauer, B. Rousset, J.-L. Grenard, C. Neubüser, Frederic Derue, Loukas Gouskos, Rainer Wallny, G. Calderini, M. Merk, M. Mühlegger, Roberto Cimino, M. Ramsey-Musolf, P. Rebello Teles, Mario Galanti, Mikhail Shaposhnikov, A. Andreazza, Maria Vittoria Garzelli, Masaya Ishino, José W. F. Valle, Colin Bernet, G. Velev, Cristina Botta, E. Fischer, J. Malclés, Giuseppe Montenero, Tripurari Srivastava, E. Renner, Shahnam Gorgi Zadeh, D. Cantore-Cavalli, Paul Laycock, J. Komppula, Simon C. Hopkins, Helmut Burkhardt, Eric Lancon, I. Aichinger, Andre Sznajder, F. Bordry, Massimo Giovannozzi, Aidan Robson, Anna Giunta, A. Carvalho, S. Farinon, Daniel Wollmann, M. Fouaidy, Martti Raidal, R. Gerard, Giovanni Volpini, U. Niedermayer, A. Alekou, Alexander J.G. Lunt, Vincenzo Cavasinni, Andrzej Siodmok, U. Kaya, Matthias Schott, Marumi Kado, S. A. Arsenyev, José Zurita, John Osborne, Patrick Meade, Gianmarco Bovone, G. Li, Klaus Schlenga, Antti Stenvall, D. Duellmann, Werner Riegler, I. Garzia, Yasuyuki Okumura, G. Pikurs, F. Maltoni, Massimo Sorbi, M. Arzeo, B. Strauss, Y. W. Baek, Mauro Chiesa, K. Ilyina-Brunner, Javier L. Albacete, R. Farinelli, C. Pes, Nicolas Morange, S. M. Zernov, U. Wagner, Emmanuelle Perez, G. G. Da Silveira, J. Neundorf, Néstor Armesto, T. Hahn, Roman N. Lee, Roderik Bruce, B. Y. Sharkov, T. du Pree, G. Cibinetto, Evelin Meoni, R. Rinaldesi, James A. Ellison, Radim Slovak, Silvia Franchino, Mikko Laine, T. Pugnat, S. P. Das, Yuji Enari, Emanuela Barzi, Cihan Bayindir, R. Boels, Jana Faltova, M. Moreno Llácer, Scott A. Yost, Michael Spannowsky, Florian Burkart, Marcin Chrzaszcz, K. Suzuki, Luca Trentadue, S. Masciocchi, Gilad Perez, Steve Peggs, K. Sugita, Eleonora Belli, Carmine Senatore, K. Y. Oyulmaz, Aldo Deandrea, Irakli Minashvili, Desmond P. Barber, M. I. Martínez-Hernández, A. Apyan, S. Petracca, Mikael Chala, Urs Achim Wiedemann, T. Sian, Olivier Deschamps, R. Monge, G. Avrillaud, Jan Kieseler, Hubert Spiesberger, J. Maitre, G. D. Shirkov, M. Hofer, Emanuela Sirtori, Sinan Kuday, Kirill Skovpen, Sara Casalbuoni, Johann Usovitsch, N. Chen, G. Tejeda-Muñoz, F. Bellini, E. Chyhyrynets, Michael Stöger-Pollach, M. Vogel, J. G. Mendes Saraiva, A. Rivetti, M. Podeur, Luc Poggioli, V. A. Gromov, R. Sirvinskaite, S. B. Leith, Giancarlo D'Ambrosio, Tony Price, Philippe Mermod, Rabindra N. Mohapatra, T. Mitshuhashi, Koji Terashi, Leonel Ferreira, L. Vale Silva, N. Muchnoi, J. L. Stanyard, Thomas Marriott-Dodington, A. Andriatis, Oleg Solovyanov, A. Daljevec, A. Butterworth, S. Myers, D. Chanal, Tatiana Pieloni, M. Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, G. Nardini, D. Boscherini, Kazuhito Ohmi, James Molson, S. Kowalski, Christoph Haberstroh, Martin Aleksa, K. Kershaw, M. Mulder, Leonid Rivkin, G. Vorotnikov, Luigi Salvatore Esposito, J. Kalinowski, Michele Cascella, Francesco Giffoni, Alessandro Polini, Georges Azuelos, M. Prioli, Wolfgang Altmannshofer, S. K. Patra, H. J. He, J. J. Aguilera-Verdugo, Hannu Paukkunen, P. Chomaz, Shoji Asai, Nicolas Magnin, Gavin P. Salam, R. Wang, F. Avino, Alexander Romanenko, A. Rossi, Steve Muanza, Richard Ruiz, Dmitry Teytelman, S. Klöppel, S. Atieh, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi, L. Apolinario, Andrea Tesi, M. Maggiora, A. Falkowski, Janusz Gluza, M. Sauvain, Hamzeh Khanpour, S. Chance, Ansgar Denner, Ma. Greco, Andreas Papaefstathiou, Manuela Boscolo, Joydeep Chakrabortty, E. Franco, R. R. Bosley, G. Peón, Fred Olness, Simone Alioli, Andrea Gaddi, M. K. Sullivan, M. Segreti, M. Panareo, Florian Goertz, Z. G. Zhao, H. Chanal, O. Martin, P. Azzurri, Agnieszka Chmielinska, M. Kordiaczyńska, O. Brunner, J. Von Ahnen, Jose Santiago, K. Foraz, Y. Alexahin, Marcello Mannelli, Christian Schwanenberger, S. Ganjour, Simone Marzani, T. M. Taylor, S. Di Vita, J. Womersley, I. Karpov, Valentina Morretta, Saverio D'Auria, Patrick Draper, B. Hacışahinoğlu, E. Gorini, Andrew J. Long, S. La Mendola, G. Zevi Dell Porta, I. Abdyukhanov, M. Cobal, Luca Marzola, E. Rochepault, A. Kusina, German Rodrigo, R. Schmidt, Jan Steggemann, E. Premat, P. Slavich, F. Gianotti, P. Jarry, Ram Krishna Dewanjee, L. Felsberger, T. Martinez, A. Niemi, Jürgen Reuter, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, Ryu Sawada, J. T. Childers, Gelsomina Catalano, P. Barjhoux, O. R. Blanco-García, Pilar Hernández, H. Correia-Rodrigues, V. Ippolito, S. De Curtis, Juan Rojo, Ayberk Yilmaz, S. Baird, Morteza Khatiri Yanehsari, Enrico Scomparin, Daniel Appelö, J. Kozaczuk, Matthew Jones, B. Caiffi, C. Del Bo, Susanna Guiducci, Giuliano Panico, M. Knecht, J. Coupard, M. Ciuchini, H. Kritscher, Claire Gwenlan, P. Costa Pinto, Thibaut Lefèvre, N. Bellegarde, Christian Scheuerlein, P. Ferreira da Silva, M. Verducci, X. Ruan, H. Pikhartova, Juan M. O'Callaghan, Kazuro Furukawa, D. Saez de Jauregui, Maria Rescigno, Stephan Eisenhardt, Andrea Dainese, Z. Drásal, G. H. Corral, J. M. Camalich, John Ellis, E. Gabrielli, L. Rumyantsev, A. Caliskan, K. Brunner, K. Tang, P. Sopicki, J. Fan, Marcin Kucharczyk, S. Gorgi Zadeh, Carlos A. Salgado, Simone Bologna, Y. Muttoni, A. Chancé, Patrick Jenny, Mark Boland, G. Yang, G. Wilkinson, Roger J. Hernández-Pinto, M. Novák, Gennady Stupakov, E. Jensen, Lance D. Cooley, Torbjörn Sjöstrand, S. Su, Matthew Luzum, J. Casas, Per Osland, T. Robens, Oscar A. Sampayo, Evgeny Levichev, P. N. Ratoff, G. Rolandi, M. A. Valdivia Garcia, Anthony Keith Morley, L. van Riesen-Haupt, A. Sublet, M. A. Mazzoni, J.L. Gutierrez, A. Abramov, Abbas Kenan Ciftci, A. Provino, L. Delle Rose, John Fox, Barry M. Dillon, V. Smirnov, G. N. Taylor, Anke-Susanne Müller, C. Pira, Fulvio Piccinini, A. Faus-Golfe, Pietro Antonioli, S. Sanfilippo, Julien Cogan, A. Ribon, Andrew Hutton, Frank Zimmermann, Lev Dudko, Erez Etzion, J. Polinski, G. Bencivenni, M. Gil Costa, L. K. Gladilin, Yannis Papaphilippou, Michael Spira, Maria Paola Lombardo, M. Fiascaris, Darius A. Faroughy, S. O. Kara, Peter Braun-Munzinger, A. Wohlfahrt, A. A. Krasnov, S.A. Gourlay, W. Da Silva, Jacqueline Keintzel, Radja Boughezal, Renat Sadykov, L. R. Sulak, Valentin V. Khoze, T. Tydecks, S. Puławski, Daniel de Florian, Pedro Schwaller, A. Akay, Nicola Serra, Sukanta Dutta, Christophe Royon, Alessandro Ricci, A. Kuendig, C. G. Honorato, K. Kołodziej, L. Deniau, Michael Kramer, J. Ferradas Troitino, A. Arbey, A. M. Staśto, Marcel Demarteau, Ralph Aßmann, O. Grimm, D. Forkel-Wirth, Owain Rhodri Jones, A. M. Kolano, G. Chiarello, William Trischuk, Andrea Dell'Acqua, Elisabetta Gallo, H. Song, Frank Petriello, N. Ibarrola, C. Colldelram, A. I. Ryazanov, A. Meier, Phillip Allport, J. de Blas, S. Chattopadhyay, Massimo Florio, X. Jiang, Bertrand Baudouy, T. Otto, Tevong You, Christoph Englert, Roberto Pittau, G. M. Bilei, Matthew McCullough, N. S. Ramírez-Uribe, J. 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B. De Vivie De Regie, H. Schmickler, M. Schenk, Georgios Voutsinas, André Schöning, S. G. Bondarenko, Giorgio Bellomo, Andrei Seryi, Jane Nachtman, Clement Helsens, E. De Lucia, Jakob Salfeld-Nebgen, Lorenzo Pezzotti, Z. Townsend, B. Dalena, Mogens Dam, Yasar Onel, Yi-Ming Zhong, B. Curé, A. A. Kolomiets, A. M. Valente-Feliciano, Laurette Ponce, David Olivier Jamin, P. Krkotic, Alexandre Louzguiti, Marina Putti, Holger Podlech, Petr Volkov, M. Angelucci, F. Duval, I. Hiekkanen, W. M. Yao, Giancarlo Ferrera, C. Lorin, Y. Dydyshka, Kurt R. Peters, Gergely Gabor Barnafoldi, V. Vysotsky, V. Arı, E. Pilicer, M. Chamizo-Llatas, G. Kuhlmann, Hans Quack, R. Valizadeh, Tiina Salmi, Thomas Kramer, Adam Jeff, A. Abada, J. M. Duval, J. Abelleira Fernandez, A. Leveratto, E. Tal Hod, X. Wu, Laurent Serin, Sarah Aull, Samuele Mariotto, A. Poiron, Sabine Riemann, P. Selva, V. I. Pantsyrny, Gianluca Valentino, K. Kahle, S. Aune, K. Potamianos, Eros Cazzato, M. Giovannetti, Petr Mandrik, S. Sidorov, F. 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Gobbi, Michael Hance, A. J. Barr, V. Del Duca, V. Guzey, M. Pont, Michele Selvaggi, Oliver Brüning, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, A. Drago, Y. Zhang, Giovanni Punzi, Viktor Matveev, Anadi Canepa, Clemens Lange, B. L. Militsyn, Martijn Mulders, Max Klein, V. D’Auria, M. Mylona, Valeria Braccini, S. DasBakshi, David Calvet, Sophia Borowka, David Marzocca, S. Jadach, A. A. Pankov, Christophe Ochando, A. A. Tudora, I. Masina, Jure Zupan, A. Preinerstorfer, Benjamin Fuks, H. K. Soltveit, G. Rolando, E.E. Perepelkin, T. G. Rizzo, Saleh Sultansoy, Federico Roncarolo, K. Elsener, R. Q. Pan, P. Zhuang, David Attié, Jac Perez, K. Kravalis, F. Anulli, V. Ruhlmann-Kleider, S. Malvezzi, Steffen A. Bass, E. La Francesca, Heinz Pernegger, K. Grzanka, M. T. Tiirakari, Alberto Ventura, Alessandro Cerri, Marco Peruzzi, Eric Montesinos, O. Etisken, F. Grancagnolo, S. Kartal, H. Humer, Oliver Fischer, M. Primavera, Marco Toliman Lucchini, P. Vedrine, Felix Kling, M. Altınlı, Sergio Calatroni, C. Han, Olivier Leroy, R. T. D’Agnolo, N. Klinkenberg, A. Audurier, Tatsushi Nakamoto, Ali Bozbey, Bernd A. Kniehl, Carl J. Debono, I. P. J. Shipsey, Gregorio Bernardi, Paolo Nason, William James Fawcett, J. M. Jiménez, D. Denisov, M. Serluca, David Curtin, Arif Akhundov, M. García Pérez, Iacopo Vivarelli, Emanuele Bacchiocchi, Markus Zerlauth, Julia Hrdinka, F. Butin, F. Müller, D. Tikhonov, Jorg Wenninger, A. Kilic, Fabrizio Ferro, J. Tanaka, S. A. Antipov, Miroslav Atanasov, S. Kuttimalai, A. Y. Starikov, F. R. Blánquez, S. V. Furuseth, G. Gaudio, L. Malgeri, J. Curti, B. Turbiarz, S. Li, A. Romanov, Costas G. Papadopoulos, Brennan Goddard, Frank Krauss, Lidija Zivkovic, Toms Torims, Michaela Lackner, D. A. Lyubimtsev, G. Borghello, J. F. Grosse-Oetringhaus, A. Bogomyagkov, H. Duran Yildiz, N. Foppiani, Arthur Schaffer, J. Zhou, D. Liberati, Vincenzo Guidi, Naeem A. Tahir, M. Besançon, Daniel Schoerling, Joe Incandela, Giacomo Polesello, O. Cakir, I. Ruehl, Ruggero Vaglio, Z. Zhang, Bruno Spataro, Davide Tommasini, F. Millet, H. D. Yoo, Carlo V. Fiorio, S. Deghaye, C. Bozzi, A. Shivaji, G. Corcella, I. Bellafont, Valentina Mariani, D. E. Martins, Michael Syphers, C. Hati, Peter Marquard, Nicola Bacchetta, Matthew Crouch, David Woog, Oliver Kortner, A. Milanese, Ricardo Gonçalo, Guido Montagna, Mikhail Zobov, F. Bedeschi, Eugene Bulyak, M. Aburaia, R. Tenchini, G. Marchiori, H. Rafique, G. Calderola, M. Antonello, Andrea Thamm, S. Glukhov, F. Hug, Robert Ruprecht, Veysi Erkcan Ozcan, K. Lee, Angelo Infantino, V. Makarenko, Z. Nergiz, Sergei Chekanov, Benjamin C. Allanach, C. Dachauer, H. Zhang, C. Biscari, A. J. Lankford, Scott Thomas, P. Kostka, Thomas Gehrmann, O. Azzolini, M. Ploskon, S. F. Ge, K. Oide, Andrea Bastianin, Daniela Bortoletto, Ingo Schienbein, J. L. Biarrotte, M. van Leeuwen, D. Stöckinger, Harald Ita, J. Katharina Behr, A. Cholakian, T. Kwon, L. Medina, Evgeny Starchenko, G. Mancinelli, L. Zanotto, F. Menez, L. Bellagamba, J. P. 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Panizzo, Antonio Racioppi, E. Gianfelice-Wendt, Rashidul Islam, U. Cardella, Y. Bai, A. Novokhatski, P. Zeiler, A. Coccaro, Toshi Sumida, Andrzej Siemko, R. Franceschini, C. M. Carloni Calame, Elisa Fontanesi, G. Kozlov, J. Tkaczuk, Rama Calaga, F. Beaudette, Paolo Camarri, A. Pampaloni, E. Cruz Alaniz, M. Durante, Kari J. Eskola, S. A. Ellis, T. Lesiak, W. Chou, German F. R. Sborlini, Carlo Oleari, T. Fowler, A. Di Ciaccio, A. Bibet Chevalier, Stefano Forte, C. Berriaud, I. Tapan, Ezio Todesco, S. Lee, Jaime Hernández-Sánchez, D. M. Vogt, Oreste Nicrosini, Vittorio Marinozzi, Roberto Ferrari, M. I. Besana, Anna Sfyrla, Stanley J. Brodsky, G. de Rijk, Stefano Redaelli, Giorgio Apollinari, A. Zaborowska, Alessandro Cardini, J. F. Kamenik, V. Smaluk, Uta Klein, M. Bomben, P. Manfrinetti, M. Poli Lener, Jose Miguel No, Tiziano Camporesi, H. Gerwig, Francis Pérez, M. Koratzinos, V. Karaventzas, Jesse Thaler, T. Hoehn, M. Capeans, Sven Pfeiffer, P. Duda, H. Ten Kate, Petar Adzic, Kechen Wang, Sergey Belomestnykh, F. Kocak, H. Karadeniz, R. Alemany Fernandez, Johanna Stachel, A. Mostacci, John Jowett, A. Hegglin, H. Pais Da Silva, Marc Dünser, M. Roig, Sven Heinemeyer, V. Baglin, Stephane Fartoukh, C. Andris, Z. Ws, A. Nettsträter, Marco Bonvini, A. C. Canbay, Federico Carra, Silvia Salini, Kristjan Kannike, E. Cogneras, Frank Simon, Manfred Krammer, Johannes Bernardi, P. Valente, M. Moretti, L. Stoel, I. Low, Barbara Mele, E. Shaposhnikova, D. Fonnesu, Anton Andronic, Haluk Denizli, A. Fernández-Téllez, A. V. Nesterenko, M. Korjik, Philip Harris, Roberto Kersevan, Tommaso Portaluri, V. Parma, N.V. Mokhov, B. Humann, B. Tuchming, Stefan Antusch, L. Anderlini, J. Meignan, I. H. Sarpün, L. Tavian, Michelangelo L. Mangano, H. Martinez Bruzual, C. Sebastiani, Chao Zhang, M. A. Pleier, R. Ciftci, A. Crivellin, A. Blondel, O. Viazlo, Burak Bilki, A. Rosado Sanchez, Andrea Massironi, M. Greco, J. Martin Camalich, M. Reboud, Frederic Deliot, M. 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Perez Codina, Roman Martin, Elias Metral, B. Hegner, L. Zawiejski, Efe Yazgan, F. Couderc, G. Tonelli, G. Castorina, Patrizia Azzi, A. De Roeck, Jean-Philippe Lansberg, Riccardo Valente, A. David, F. Robert, Jeremi Niedziela, Anna Grassellino, Marie-Hélène Genest, V. Tisserand, A. Kilpinen, Y. K. Kim, A. Dominjon, Andrej Arbuzov, David Amorim, L. Kretzschmar, E. Bruna, Sergey Polozov, Vyacheslav Klyukhin, Hubert Kroha, O. Amstutz, A. Vitrano, Raymond Veness, Tilman Plehn, M. A. Mahmoud, Uşak Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, FCC Collaboration (Ukupan broj autora: 1363), FCC Collaboration, Abada, A., Abbrescia, M., Abdussalam, S. S., Abdyukhanov, I., Abelleira Fernandez, J., Abramov, A., Aburaia, M., Acar, A. O., Adzic, P. R., Agrawal, P., Aguilar-Saavedra, J. A., Aguilera-Verdugo, J. J., Aiba, M., Aichinger, I., Aielli, G., Akay, A., Akhundov, A., Aksakal, H., Albacete, J. L., Albergo, S., Alekou, A., Aleksa, M., Aleksan, R., Alemany Fernandez, R. 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Zurita, J, Işık Üniversitesi, Mühendislik Fakültesi, İnşaat Mühendisliği Bölümü, Işık University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Bayındır, Cihan, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RF&MW - Grup de Recerca de sistemes, dispositius i materials de RF i microones, Abada A., Abbrescia M., AbdusSalam S.S., Abdyukhanov I., Abelleira Fernandez J., Abramov A., Aburaia M., Acar A.O., Adzic P.R., Agrawal P., Aguilar-Saavedra J.A., Aguilera-Verdugo J.J., Aiba M., Aichinger I., Aielli G., Akay A., Akhundov A., Aksakal H., Albacete J.L., Albergo S., Alekou A., Aleksa M., Aleksan R., Alemany Fernandez R.M., Alexahin Y., Alia R.G., Alioli S., Alipour Tehrani N., Allanach B.C., Allport P.P., Altinli M., Altmannshofer W., Ambrosio G., Amorim D., Amstutz O., Anderlini L., Andreazza A., Andreini M., Andriatis A., Andris C., Andronic A., Angelucci M., Antinori F., Antipov S.A., Antonelli M., Antonello M., Antonioli P., Antusch S., Anulli F., Apolinario L., Apollinari G., Apollonio A., Appelo D., Appleby R.B., Apyan A., Arbey A., Arbuzov A., Arduini G., Ari V., Arias S., Armesto N., Arnaldi R., Arsenyev S.A., Arzeo M., Asai S., Aslanides E., Assmann R.W., Astapovych D., Atanasov M., Atieh S., Attie D., Auchmann B., Audurier A., Aull S., Aumon S., Aune S., Avino F., Avrillaud G., Aydin G., Azatov A., Azuelos G., Azzi P., Azzolini O., Azzurri P., Bacchetta N., Bacchiocchi E., Bachacou H., Baek Y.W., Baglin V., Bai Y., Baird S., Baker M.J., Baldwin M.J., Ball A.H., Ballarino A., Banerjee S., Barber D.P., Barducci D., Barjhoux P., Barna D., Barnafoldi G.G., Barnes M.J., Barr A., Barranco Garcia J., Barreiro Guimaraes da Costa J., Bartmann W., Baryshevsky V., Barzi E., Bass S.A., Bastianin A., Baudouy B., Bauer F., Bauer M., Baumgartner T., Bautista-Guzman I., Bayindir C., Beaudette F., Bedeschi F., Beguin M., Bellafont I., Bellagamba L., Bellegarde N., Belli E., Bellingeri E., Bellini F., Bellomo G., Belomestnykh S., Bencivenni G., Benedikt M., Bernardi G., Bernardi J., Bernet C., Bernhardt J.M., Bernini C., Berriaud C., Bertarelli A., Bertolucci S., Besana M.I., Besancon M., Beznosov O., Bhat P., Bhat C., Biagini M.E., Biarrotte J.-L., Bibet Chevalier A., Bielert E.R., Biglietti M., Bilei G.M., Bilki B., Biscari C., Bishara F., Blanco-Garcia O.R., Blanquez F.R., Blekman F., Blondel A., Blumlein J., Boccali T., Boels R., Bogacz S.A., Bogomyagkov A., Boine-Frankenheim O., Boland M.J., Bologna S., Bolukbasi O., Bomben M., Bondarenko S., Bonvini M., Boos E., Bordini B., Bordry F., Borghello G., Borgonovi L., Borowka S., Bortoletto D., Boscherini D., Boscolo M., Boselli S., Bosley R.R., Bossu F., Botta C., Bottura L., Boughezal R., Boutin D., Bovone G., Bozovic Jelisavic I., Bozbey A., Bozzi C., Bozzini D., Braccini V., Braibant-Giacomelli S., Bramante J., Braun-Munzinger P., Briffa J.A., Britzger D., Brodsky S.J., Brooke J.J., Bruce R., Bruckman De Renstrom P., Bruna E., Bruning O., Brunner O., Brunner K., Bruzzone P., Buffat X., Bulyak E., Burkart F., Burkhardt H., Burnet J.-P., Butin F., Buttazzo D., Butterworth A., Caccia M., Cai Y., Caiffi B., Cairo V., Cakir O., Calaga R., Calatroni S., Calderini G., Calderola G., Caliskan A., Calvet D., Calviani M., Camalich J.M., Camarri P., Campanelli M., Camporesi T., Canbay A.C., Canepa A., Cantergiani E., Cantore-Cavalli D., Capeans M., Cardarelli R., Cardella U., Cardini A., Carloni Calame C.M., Carra F., Carra S., Carvalho A., Casalbuoni S., Casas J., Cascella M., Castelnovo P., Castorina G., Catalano G., Cavasinni V., Cazzato E., Cennini E., Cerri A., Cerutti F., Cervantes J., Chaikovska I., Chakrabortty J., Chala M., Chamizo-Llatas M., Chanal H., Chanal D., Chance S., Chance A., Charitos P., Charles J., Charles T.K., Chattopadhyay S., Chehab R., Chekanov S.V., Chen N., Chernoded A., Chetvertkova V., Chevalier L., Chiarelli G., Chiarello G., Chiesa M., Chiggiato P., Childers J.T., Chmielinska A., Cholakian A., Chomaz P., Chorowski M., Chou W., Chrzaszcz M., Chyhyrynets E., Cibinetto G., Ciftci A.K., Ciftci R., Cimino R., Ciuchini M., Clark P.J., Coadou Y., Cobal M., Coccaro A., Cogan J., Cogneras E., Collamati F., Colldelram C., Collier P., Collot J., Contino R., Conventi F., Cook C.T.A., Cooley L., Corcella G., Cornell A.S., Corral G.H., Correia-Rodrigues H., Costanza F., Costa Pinto P., Couderc F., Coupard J., Craig N., Crespo Garrido I., Crivellin A., Croteau J.F., Crouch M., Cruz Alaniz E., Cure B., Curti J., Curtin D., Czech M., Dachauer C., D'Agnolo R.T., Daibo M., Dainese A., Dalena B., Daljevec A., Dallapiazza W., D'Aloia Schwartzentruber L., Dam M., D'Ambrosio G., Das S.P., DasBakshi S., da Silva W., da Silveira G.G., D'Auria V., D'Auria S., David A., Davidek T., Deandrea A., de Blas J., Debono C.J., De Curtis S., De Filippis N., de Florian D., Deghaye S., de Jong S.J., Del Bo C., Del Duca V., Delikaris D., Deliot F., Dell'Acqua A., Delle Rose L., Delmastro M., De Lucia E., Demarteau M., Denegri D., Deniau L., Denisov D., Denizli H., Denner A., d'Enterria D., de Rijk G., De Roeck A., Derue F., Deschamps O., Descotes-Genon S., Dev P.S.B., de Vivie de Regie J.B., Dewanjee R.K., Di Ciaccio A., Di Cicco A., Dillon B.M., Di Micco B., Di Nezza P., Di Vita S., Doblhammer A., Dominjon A., D'Onofrio M., Dordei F., Drago A., Draper P., Drasal Z., Drewes M., Duarte L., Dubovyk I., Duda P., Dudarev A., Dudko L., Duellmann D., Dunser M., du Pree T., Durante M., Duran Yildiz H., Dutta S., Duval F., Duval J.M., Dydyshka Y., Dziewit B., Eisenhardt S., Eisterer M., Ekelof T., El Khechen D., Ellis S.A., Ellis J., Ellison J.A., Elsener K., Elsing M., Enari Y., Englert C., Eriksson H., Eskola K.J., Esposito L.S., Etisken O., Etzion E., Fabbricatore P., Falkowski A., Falou A., Faltova J., Fan J., Fano L., Farilla A., Farinelli R., Farinon S., Faroughy D.A., Fartoukh S.D., Faus-Golfe A., Fawcett W.J., Felici G., Felsberger L., Ferdeghini C., Fernandez Navarro A.M., Fernandez-Tellez A., Ferradas Troitino J., Ferrara G., Ferrari R., Ferreira L., Ferreira da Silva P., Ferrera G., Ferro F., Fiascaris M., Fiorendi S., Fiorio C., Fischer O., Fischer E., Flieger W., Florio M., Fonnesu D., Fontanesi E., Foppiani N., Foraz K., Forkel-Wirth D., Forte S., Fouaidy M., Fournier D., Fowler T., Fox J., Francavilla P., Franceschini R., Franchino S., Franco E., Freitas A., Fuks B., Furukawa K., Furuseth S.V., Gabrielli E., Gaddi A., Galanti M., Gallo E., Ganjour S., Gao J., Garcia Diaz V., Garcia Perez M., Garcia Tabares L., Garion C., Garzelli M.V., Garzia I., Gascon-Shotkin S.M., Gaudio G., Gay P., Ge S.-F., Gehrmann T., Genest M.H., Gerard R., Gerigk F., Gerwig H., Giacomelli P., Giagu S., Gianfelice-Wendt E., Gianotti F., Giffoni F., Gilardoni S.S., Gil Costa M., Giovannetti M., Giovannozzi M., Giubellino P., Giudice G.F., Giunta A., Gladilin L.K., Glukhov S., Gluza J., Gobbi G., Goddard B., Goertz F., Golling T., Goncalves V.P., Goncalo R., Gonzalez Gomez L.A., Gorgi Zadeh S., Gorine G., Gorini E., Gourlay S.A., Gouskos L., Grancagnolo F., Grassellino A., Grau A., Graverini E., Gray H.M., Greco M., Grenard J.-L., Grimm O., Grojean C., Gromov V.A., Grosse-Oetringhaus J.F., Grudiev A., Grzanka K., Gu J., Guadagnoli D., Guidi V., Guiducci S., Guillermo Canton G., Gunaydin Y.O., Gupta R., Gupta R.S., Gutierrez J., Gutleber J., Guyot C., Guzey V., Gwenlan C., Haberstroh C., Hacisahinoglu B., Haerer B., Hahn K., Hahn T., Hammad A., Han C., Hance M., Hannah A., Harris P.C., Hati C., Haug S., Hauptman J., Haurylavets V., He H.-J., Hegglin A., Hegner B., Heinemann K., Heinemeyer S., Helsens C., Henriques A., Hernandez P., Hernandez-Pinto R.J., Hernandez-Sanchez J., Herzig T., Hiekkanen I., Hillert W., Hoehn T., Hofer M., Hofle W., Holdener F., Holleis S., Holzer B., Hong D.K., Honorato C.G., Hopkins S.C., Hrdinka J., Hug F., Humann B., Humer H., Hurth T., Hutton A., Iacobucci G., Ibarrola N., Iconomidou-Fayard L., Ilyina-Brunner K., Incandela J., Infantino A., Ippolito V., Ishino M., Islam R., Ita H., Ivanovs A., Iwamoto S., Iyer A., Izquierdo Bermudez S., Jadach S., Jamin D.O., Janot P., Jarry P., Jeff A., Jenny P., Jensen E., Jensen M., Jiang X., Jimenez J.M., Jones M.A., Jones O.R., Jowett J.M., Jung S., Kaabi W., Kado M., Kahle K., Kalinovskaya L., Kalinowski J., Kamenik J.F., Kannike K., Kara S.O., Karadeniz H., Karaventzas V., Karpov I., Kartal S., Karyukhin A., Kashikhin V., Katharina Behr J., Kaya U., Keintzel J., Keinz P.A., Keppel K., Kersevan R., Kershaw K., Khanpour H., Khatibi S., Khatiri Yanehsari M., Khoze V.V., Kieseler J., Kilic A., Kilpinen A., Kim Y.-K., Kim D.W., Klein U., Klein M., Kling F., Klinkenberg N., Kloppel S., Klute M., Klyukhin V.I., Knecht M., Kniehl B., Kocak F., Koeberl C., Kolano A.M., Kollegger A., Kolodziej K., Kolomiets A.A., Komppula J., Koop I., Koppenburg P., Koratzinos M., Kordiaczynska M., Korjik M., Kortner O., Kostka P., Kotlarski W., Kotnig C., Kottig T., Kotwal A.V., Kovalenko A.D., Kowalski S., Kozaczuk J., Kozlov G.A., Kozub S.S., Krainer A.M., Kramer T., Kramer M., Krammer M., Krasnov A.A., Krauss F., Kravalis K., Kretzschmar L., Kriske R.M., Kritscher H., Krkotic P., Kroha H., Kucharczyk M., Kuday S., Kuendig A., Kuhlmann G., Kulesza A., Kumar M., Kusina A., Kuttimalai S., Kuze M., Kwon T., Lackner F., Lackner M., La Francesca E., Laine M., Lamanna G., La Mendola S., Lancon E., Landsberg G., Langacker P., Lange C., Langner A., Lankford A.J., Lansberg J.P., Lari T., Laycock P.J., Lebrun P., Lechner A., Lee K., Lee S., Lee R., Lefevre T., Le Guen P., Lehtinen T., Leith S.B., Lenzi P., Leogrande E., Leonidopoulos C., Leon-Monzon I., Lerner G., Leroy O., Lesiak T., Levai P., Leveratto A., Levichev E., Li G., Li S., Li R., Liberati D., Liepe M., Lissauer D.A., Liu Z., Lobko A., Locci E., Logothetis Agaliotis E., Lombardo M.P., Long A.J., Lorin C., Losito R., Louzguiti A., Low I., Lucchesi D., Lucchini M.T., Luciani A., Lueckhof M., Lunt A.J.G., Luzum M., Lyubimtsev D.A., Maggiora M., Magnin N., Mahmoud M.A., Mahmoudi F., Maitre J., Makarenko V., Malagoli A., Malcles J., Malgeri L., Mallon P.J., Maltoni F., Malvezzi S., Malyshev O.B., Mancinelli G., Mandrik P., Manfrinetti P., Mangano M., Manil P., Mannelli M., Marchiori G., Marhauser F., Mariani V., Marinozzi V., Mariotto S., Marquard P., Marquet C., Marriott-Dodington T., Martin R., Martin O., Martin Camalich J., Martinez T., Martinez Bruzual H., Martinez-Hernandez M.I., Martins D.E., Marzani S., Marzocca D., Marzola L., Masciocchi S., Masina I., Massimiliano A., Massironi A., Masubuchi T., Matveev V.A., Mazzoni M.A., McCullough M., McIntosh P.A., Meade P., Medina L., Meier A., Meignan J., Mele B., Mendes Saraiva J.G., Menez F., Mentink M., Meoni E., Meridiani P., Merk M., Mermod P., Mertens V., Mether L., Metral E., Migliorati M., Milanese A., Milardi C., Milhano G., Militsyn B.L., Millet F., Minashvili I., Minervini J.V., Miralles L.S., Mirarchi D., Mishima S., Missiaen D.P., Mitselmakher G., Mitshuhashi T., Mnich J., Mohammadi Najafabadi M., Mohapatra R.N., Mokhov N., Molson J.G., Monge R., Montag C., Montagna G., Monteil S., Montenero G., Montesinos E., Moortgat F., Morange N., Morello G., Moreno Llacer M., Moretti M., Moretti S., Morley A.K., Moros A., Morozov I., Morretta V., Morrone M., Mostacci A., Muanza S., Muchnoi N., Muhlegger M., Mulder M., Mulders M., Muller B., Muller F., Muller A.-S., Munilla J., Murray M.J., Muttoni Y., Myers S., Mylona M., Nachtman J., Nakamoto T., Nardecchia M., Nardini G., Nason P., Nergiz Z., Nesterenko A.V., Netto J.A., Nettstrater A., Neubuser C., Neundorf J., Niccoli F., Nicrosini O., Nie Y., Niedermayer U., Niedziela J., Niemi A., Nikitin S.A., Nisati A., No J.M., Nonis M., Nosochkov Y., Novak M., Novokhatski A., O'Callaghan J.M., Ochando C., Ogur S., Ohmi K., Oide K., Okorokov V.A., Okumura Y., Oleari C., Olness F.I., Onel Y., Ortino M., Osborne J., Osland P., Otto T., Oyulmaz K.Y., Ozansoy A., Ozcan V., Ozdemir K., Pagliarone C.E., Pais da Silva H.F., Palmieri E., Palumbo L., Pampaloni A., Pan R.-Q., Panareo M., Panella O., Panico G., Panizzo G., Pankov A.A., Pantsyrny V., Papadopoulos C.G., Papaefstathiou A., Papaphilippou Y., Parker M.A., Parma V., Pasquali M., Patra S.K., Patterson R., Paukkunen H., Pauss F., Peggs S., Penttinen J.-P., Peon G., Perepelkin E.E., Perez E., Perez J.C., Perez G., Perez F., Perez Codina E., Perez Morales J., Perfilov M., Pernegger H., Peruzzi M., Pes C., Peters K., Petracca S., Petriello F., Pezzotti L., Pfeiffer S., Piccinini F., Pieloni T., Pierini M., Pikhartova H., Pikurs G., Pilicer E., Piminov P., Pira C., Pittau R., Placzek W., Plagge M., Plehn T., Pleier M.-A., Ploskon M., Podeur M., Podlech H., Podzorny T., Poggioli L., Poiron A., Polesello G., Poli Lener M., Polini A., Polinski J., Polozov S.M., Ponce L., Pont M., Pontecorvo L., Portaluri T., Potamianos K., Prasse C., Prausa M., Preinerstorfer A., Premat E., Price T., Primavera M., Prino F., Prioli M., Proudfoot J., Provino A., Pugnat T., Pukhaeva N., Pulawski S., Pulikowski D., Punzi G., Putti M., Pyarelal A., Quack H., Quispe M., Racioppi A., Rafique H., Raginel V., Raidal M., Ramirez-Uribe N.S., Ramsey-Musolf M.J., Rata R., Ratoff P., Ravotti F., Rebello Teles P., Reboud M., Redaelli S., Renner E., Renteria-Olivo A.E., Rescigno M., Reuter J., Ribon A., Ricci A.M., Riegler W., Riemann S., Riemann B., Riemann T., Rifflet J.M., Rimmer R.A., Rinaldesi R., Rinolfi L., Rios Rubiras O., Risselada T., Rivetti A., Rivkin L., Rizzo T., Robens T., Robert F., Robson A.J., Rochepault E., Roda C., Rodrigo G., Rodriguez-Cahuantzi M., Rogan C., Roig M., Rojas-Torres S., Rojo J., Rolandi G., Rolando G., Roloff P., Romanenko A., Romanov A., Roncarolo F., Rosado Sanchez A., Rosaz G., Rossi L., Rossi A., Rossmanith R., Rousset B., Royon C., Ruan X., Ruehl I., Ruhlmann-Kleider V., Ruiz R., Rumyantsev L., Ruprecht R., Ryazanov A.I., Saba A., Sadykov R., Saez de Jauregui D., Sahin M., Sailer B., Saito M., Sala F., Salam G.P., Salfeld-Nebgen J., Salgado C.A., Salini S., Sallese J.M., Salmi T., Salzburger A., Sampayo O.A., Sanfilippo S., Santiago J., Santopinto E., Santoro R., Sanz Ull A., Sarasola X., Sarpun I.H., Sauvain M., Savelyeva S., Sawada R., Sborlini G.F.R., Schaffer A., Schaumann M., Schenk M., Scheuerlein C., Schienbein I., Schlenga K., Schmickler H., Schmidt R., Schoerling D., Schoning A., Schorner-Sadenius T., Schott M., Schulte D., Schwaller P., Schwanenberger C., Schwemling P., Schwerg N., Scibile L., Sciuto A., Scomparin E., Sebastiani C., Seeber B., Segreti M., Selva P., Selvaggi M., Senatore C., Senol A., Serin L., Serluca M., Serra N., Seryi A., Sestini L., Sfyrla A., Shaposhnikov M., Shaposhnikova E., Sharkov B.Y., Shatilov D., Shelton J., Shiltsev V., Shipsey I.P., Shirkov G.D., Shivaji A., Shwartz D., Sian T., Sidorov S., Siemko A., Silvestrini L., Simand N., Simon F., Singh B.K., Siodmok A., Sirois Y., Sirtori E., Sirvinskaite R., Sitar B., Sjostrand T., Skands P., Skordis E., Skovpen K., Skrzypek M., Slade E., Slavich P., Slovak R., Smaluk V., Smirnov V., Snoeys W., Soffi L., Sollander P., Solovyanov O., Soltveit H.K., Song H., Sopicki P., Sorbi M., Spallino L., Spannowsky M., Spataro B., Sphicas P., Spiesberger H., Spiller P., Spira M., Srivastava T., Stachel J., Stakia A., Stanyard J.L., Starchenko E., Starikov A.Y., Stasto A.M., Statera M., Steerenberg R., Steggemann J., Stenvall A., Stivanello F., Stockinger D., Stoel L.S., Stoger-Pollach M., Strauss B., Stuart M., Stupakov G., Su S., Sublet A., Sugita K., Sulak L., Sullivan M.K., Sultansoy S., Sumida T., Suzuki K., Sylva G., Syphers M.J., Sznajder A., Taborelli M., Tahir N.A., Takeuchi M., Tal Hod E., Tambasco C., Tanaka J., Tang K., Tapan I., Taroni S., Tartarelli G.F., Tassielli G., Tavian L., Taylor T.M., Taylor G.N., Teixeira A.M., Tejeda-Munoz G., Telnov V.I., Tenchini R., ten Kate H.H.J., Terashi K., Tesi A., Testa M., Tetrel C., Teytelman D., Thaler J., Thamm A., Thomas S., Tiirakari M.T., Tikhomirov V., Tikhonov D., Timko H., Tisserand V., Tkachenko L.M., Tkaczuk J., Tock J.P., Todd B., Todesco E., Tomas Garcia R., Tommasini D., Tonelli G., Toral F., Torims T., Torre R., Townsend Z., Trant R., Treille D., Trentadue L., Tricoli A., Tricomi A., Trischuk W., Tropin I.S., Tuchming B., Tudora A.A., Turbiarz B., Turk Cakir I., Turri M., Tydecks T., Usovitsch J., Uythoven J., Vaglio R., Valassi A., Valchkova F., Valdivia Garcia M.A., Valente P., Valente R.U., Valente-Feliciano A.-M., Valentino G., Vale Silva L., Valet J.M., Valizadeh R., Valle J.W.F., Vallecorsa S., Vallone G., van Leeuwen M., van Rienen U.H., van Riesen-Haupt L., Varasteh M., Vecchi L., Vedrine P., Velev G., Veness R., Ventura A., Venturini Delsolaro W., Verducci M., Verhaaren C.B., Vernieri C., Verweij A.P., Verwilligen O., Viazlo O., Vicini A., Viehhauser G., Vignaroli N., Vignolo M., Vitrano A., Vivarelli I., Vlachos S., Vogel M., Vogt D.M., Volkl V., Volkov P., Volpini G., von Ahnen J., Vorotnikov G., Voutsinas G.G., Vysotsky V., Wagner U., Wallny R., Wang L.-T., Wang R., Wang K., Ward B.F.L., Watson T.P., Watson N.K., Ws Z., Weiland C., Weinzierl S., Welsch C.P., Wenninger J., Widorski M., Wiedemann U.A., Wienands H.-U., Wilkinson G., Williams P.H., Winter A., Wohlfahrt A., Wojton T., Wollmann D., Womersley J., Woog D., Wu X., Wulzer A., Yanehsari M.K., Yang G., Yang H.J., Yao W.-M., Yazgan E., Yermolchik V., Yilmaz A., Yoo H.-D., Yost S.A., You T., Young C., Yu T.-T., Yu F., Zaborowska A., Zadeh S.G., Zahnd M., Zanetti M., Zanotto L., Zawiejski L., Zeiler P., Zerlauth M., Zernov S.M., Zevi Dell Porta G., Zhang Z., Zhang Y., Zhang C., Zhang H., Zhao Z., Zhong Y.-M., Zhou J., Zhou D., Zhuang P., Zick G., Zimmermann F., Zinn-Justin J., Zivkovic L., Zlobin A.V., Zobov M., Zupan J., Zurita J., BAİBÜ, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Fizik Bölümü, Denizli, Haluk, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Material Science & Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB ETÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü, TOBB ETÜ, Mühendislik Fakültesi, Malzeme Bilimi ve Nanoteknoloji Mühendisliği Bölümü, Bozbey, Ali, Sultansoy, Saleh, Özdemir, Kadri, Giresun Üniversitesi, UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique, and Ege Üniversitesi

Subjects
Beam losses, IMPACT, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics beyond the Standard Model, EVENT BUILDER, hadron collider, General Physics and Astronomy, Mathematics and natural science: 400::Physics: 430::Nuclear and elementary particle physics: 431 [VDP], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Subatomär fysik, chemistry.chemical_compound, Conceptual design, Colliding beam accelerators, law, HE-LHC, Subatomic Physics, General Materials Science, Hadron colliders, Física::Física de partícules::Hadrons [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Large Hadron Collider, Acceleradors de partícules, Physics, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Beams (radiation), Settore FIS/02 - Fisica Teorica, Modelli e Metodi Matematici, Upgrade, Impact, collimators, partikkelfysikk, Future Circular Collider, High-Energy, Systems engineering, HE-LHC: The High-Energy Large Hadron Collider, Col·lisionadors d'hadrons, Applied physics, Collimators, Socio-culturale, Fizik, Hadrons, Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation, HE-LHC physics, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, beam losses, ddc:530, High Energy Physics, partikkelakselerator, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Niobium-tin, 010306 general physics, Collider, Particle Physics, Beams (radiation) | Collimators | Beam losses, Energies::Energia nuclear [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Large Hadron Collider HE-LHC, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Colliders (Nuclear physics), Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering, Event builder, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Particle accelerators, chemistry, Experimental High Energy Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Future Colliders
Abstract

Authors: A. AbadaM. AbbresciaS. S. AbdusSalamI. AbdyukhanovJ. Abelleira FernandezA. AbramovM. AburaiaA. O. AcarP. R. AdzicP. AgrawalJ. A. Aguilar-SaavedraJ. J. Aguilera-VerdugoM. AibaI. AichingerG. AielliA. AkayA. AkhundovH. AksakalJ. L. AlbaceteS. AlbergoA. AlekouM. AleksaR. AleksanR. M. Alemany FernandezY. AlexahinR. G. AlíaS. AlioliN. Alipour TehraniB. C. AllanachP. P. AllportM. AltınlıW. AltmannshoferG. AmbrosioD. AmorimO. AmstutzL. AnderliniA. AndreazzaM. AndreiniA. AndriatisC. AndrisA. AndronicM. AngelucciF. AntinoriS. A. AntipovM. AntonelliM. AntonelloP. AntonioliS. AntuschF. AnulliL. ApolinárioG. ApollinariA. ApollonioD. AppelöR. B. ApplebyA. ApyanA. ApyanA. ArbeyA. ArbuzovG. ArduiniV. ArıS. AriasN. ArmestoR. ArnaldiS. A. ArsenyevM. ArzeoS. AsaiE. AslanidesR. W. AßmannD. AstapovychM. AtanasovS. AtiehD. AttiéB. AuchmannA. AudurierS. AullS. AumonS. AuneF. AvinoG. AvrillaudG. AydınA. AzatovG. AzuelosP. AzziO. AzzoliniP. AzzurriN. BacchettaE. BacchiocchiH. BachacouY. W. BaekV. BaglinY. BaiS. BairdM. J. BakerM. J. BaldwinA. H. BallA. BallarinoS. BanerjeeD. P. BarberD. BarducciP. BarjhouxD. BarnaG. G. BarnaföldiM. J. BarnesA. BarrJ. Barranco GarcíaJ. Barreiro Guimarães da CostaW. BartmannV. BaryshevskyE. BarziS. A. BassA. BastianinB. BaudouyF. BauerM. BauerT. BaumgartnerI. Bautista-GuzmánC. BayındırF. BeaudetteF. BedeschiM. BéguinI. BellafontL. BellagambaN. BellegardeE. BelliE. BellingeriF. BelliniG. BellomoS. BelomestnykhG. BencivenniM. BenediktG. BernardiJ. BernardiC. BernetJ. M. BernhardtC. BerniniC. BerriaudA. BertarelliS. BertolucciM. I. BesanaM. BesançonO. BeznosovP. BhatC. BhatM. E. BiaginiJ. -L. BiarrotteA. Bibet ChevalierE. R. BielertM. BigliettiG. M. BileiB. BilkiC. BiscariF. BisharaO. R. Blanco-GarcíaF. R. BlánquezF. BlekmanA. BlondelJ. BlümleinT. BoccaliR. BoelsS. A. BogaczA. BogomyagkovO. Boine-FrankenheimM. J. BolandS. BolognaO. BolukbasiM. BombenS. BondarenkoM. BonviniE. BoosB. BordiniF. BordryG. BorghelloL. BorgonoviS. BorowkaD. BortolettoD. BoscheriniM. BoscoloS. BoselliR. R. BosleyF. BossuC. BottaL. BotturaR. BoughezalD. BoutinG. BovoneI. Božović JelisavićA. BozbeyC. BozziD. BozziniV. BracciniS. Braibant-GiacomelliJ. BramanteP. Braun-MunzingerJ. A. BriffaD. BritzgerS. J. BrodskyJ. J. BrookeR. BruceP. Brückman De RenstromE. BrunaO. BrüningO. BrunnerK. BrunnerP. BruzzoneX. BuffatE. BulyakF. BurkartH. BurkhardtJ. -P. BurnetF. ButinD. ButtazzoA. ButterworthM. CacciaY. CaiB. CaiffiV. CairoO. CakirR. CalagaS. CalatroniG. CalderiniG. CalderolaA. CaliskanD. CalvetM. CalvianiJ. M. CamalichP. CamarriM. CampanelliT. CamporesiA. C. CanbayA. CanepaE. CantergianiD. Cantore-CavalliM. CapeansR. CardarelliU. CardellaA. CardiniC. M. Carloni CalameF. CarraS. CarraA. CarvalhoS. CasalbuoniJ. CasasM. CascellaP. CastelnovoG. CastorinaG. CatalanoV. CavasinniE. CazzatoE. CenniniA. CerriF. CeruttiJ. CervantesI. ChaikovskaJ. ChakraborttyM. ChalaM. Chamizo-LlatasH. ChanalD. ChanalS. ChanceA. ChancéP. CharitosJ. CharlesT. K. CharlesS. ChattopadhyayR. ChehabS. V. ChekanovN. ChenA. ChernodedV. ChetvertkovaL. ChevalierG. ChiarelliG. ChiarelloM. ChiesaP. ChiggiatoJ. T. ChildersA. ChmielińskaA. CholakianP. ChomazM. ChorowskiW. ChouM. ChrzaszczE. ChyhyrynetsG. CibinettoA. K. CiftciR. CiftciR. CiminoM. CiuchiniP. J. ClarkY. CoadouM. CobalA. CoccaroJ. CoganE. CognerasF. CollamatiC. ColldelramP. CollierJ. CollotR. ContinoF. ConventiC. T. A. CookL. CooleyG. CorcellaA. S. CornellG. H. CorralH. Correia-RodriguesF. CostanzaP. Costa PintoF. CoudercJ. CoupardN. CraigI. Crespo GarridoA. CrivellinJ. F. CroteauM. CrouchE. Cruz AlanizB. CuréJ. CurtiD. CurtinM. CzechC. DachauerR. T. D’AgnoloM. DaiboA. DaineseB. DalenaA. DaljevecW. DallapiazzaL. D’Aloia SchwartzentruberM. DamG. D’AmbrosioS. P. DasS. DasBakshiW. da SilvaG. G. da SilveiraV. D’AuriaS. D’AuriaA. DavidT. DavidekA. DeandreaJ. de BlasC. J. DebonoS. De CurtisN. De FilippisD. de FlorianS. DeghayeS. J. de JongC. Del BoV. Del DucaD. DelikarisF. DeliotA. Dell’AcquaL. Delle RoseM. DelmastroE. De LuciaM. DemarteauD. DenegriL. DeniauD. DenisovH. DenizliA. DennerD. d’EnterriaG. de RijkA. De RoeckF. DerueO. DeschampsS. Descotes-GenonP. S. B. DevJ. B. de Vivie de RégieR. K. DewanjeeA. Di CiaccioA. Di CiccoB. M. DillonB. Di MiccoP. Di NezzaS. Di VitaA. DoblhammerA. DominjonM. D’OnofrioF. DordeiA. DragoP. DraperZ. DrasalM. DrewesL. DuarteI. DubovykP. DudaA. DudarevL. DudkoD. DuellmannM. DünserT. du PreeM. DuranteH. Duran YildizS. DuttaF. DuvalJ. M. DuvalY. DydyshkaB. DziewitS. EisenhardtM. EistererT. EkelofD. El KhechenS. A. EllisJ. EllisJ. A. EllisonK. ElsenerM. ElsingY. EnariC. EnglertH. ErikssonK. J. EskolaL. S. EspositoO. EtiskenE. EtzionP. FabbricatoreA. FalkowskiA. FalouJ. FaltovaJ. FanL. FanòA. FarillaR. FarinelliS. FarinonD. A. FaroughyS. D. FartoukhA. Faus-GolfeW. J. FawcettG. FeliciL. FelsbergerC. FerdeghiniA. M. Fernandez NavarroA. Fernández-TéllezJ. Ferradas TroitinoG. FerraraR. FerrariL. FerreiraP. Ferreira da SilvaG. FerreraF. FerroM. FiascarisS. FiorendiC. FiorioO. FischerE. FischerW. FliegerM. FlorioD. FonnesuE. FontanesiN. FoppianiK. ForazD. Forkel-WirthS. ForteM. FouaidyD. FournierT. FowlerJ. FoxP. FrancavillaR. FranceschiniS. FranchinoE. FrancoA. FreitasB. FuksK. FurukawaS. V. FurusethE. GabrielliA. GaddiM. GalantiE. GalloS. GanjourJ. GaoJ. GaoV. Garcia DiazM. García PérezL. García TabarésC. GarionM. V. GarzelliI. GarziaS. M. Gascon-ShotkinG. GaudioP. GayS. -F. GeT. GehrmannM. H. GenestR. GerardF. GerigkH. GerwigP. GiacomelliS. GiaguE. Gianfelice-WendtF. GianottiF. GiffoniS. S. GilardoniM. Gil CostaM. GiovannettiM. GiovannozziP. GiubellinoG. F. GiudiceA. GiuntaL. K. GladilinS. GlukhovJ. GluzaG. GobbiB. GoddardF. GoertzT. GollingV. P. GoncalvesR. GonçaloL. A. Gonzalez GomezS. Gorgi ZadehG. GorineE. GoriniS. A. GourlayL. GouskosF. GrancagnoloA. GrassellinoA. GrauE. GraveriniH. M. GrayMa. GrecoMi. GrecoJ. -L. GrenardO. GrimmC. GrojeanV. A. GromovJ. F. Grosse-OetringhausA. GrudievK. GrzankaJ. GuD. GuadagnoliV. GuidiS. GuiducciG. Guillermo CantonY. O. GünaydinR. GuptaR. S. GuptaJ. GutierrezJ. GutleberC. GuyotV. GuzeyC. GwenlanC. HaberstrohB. HacışahinoğluB. HaererK. HahnT. HahnA. HammadC. HanM. HanceA. HannahP. C. HarrisC. HatiS. HaugJ. HauptmanV. HaurylavetsH. -J. HeA. HegglinB. HegnerK. HeinemannS. HeinemeyerC. HelsensA. HenriquesA. HenriquesP. HernandezR. J. Hernández-PintoJ. Hernandez-SanchezT. HerzigI. HiekkanenW. HillertT. HoehnM. HoferW. HöfleF. HoldenerS. HolleisB. HolzerD. K. HongC. G. HonoratoS. C. HopkinsJ. HrdinkaF. HugB. HumannH. HumerT. HurthA. HuttonG. IacobucciN. IbarrolaL. Iconomidou-FayardK. Ilyina-BrunnerJ. IncandelaA. InfantinoV. IppolitoM. IshinoR. IslamH. ItaA. IvanovsS. IwamotoA. IyerS. Izquierdo BermudezS. JadachD. O. JaminP. JanotP. JarryA. JeffP. JennyE. JensenM. JensenX. JiangJ. M. JiménezM. A. JonesO. R. JonesJ. M. JowettS. JungW. KaabiM. KadoK. KahleL. KalinovskayaJ. KalinowskiJ. F. KamenikK. KannikeS. O. KaraH. KaradenizV. KaraventzasI. KarpovS. KartalA. KaryukhinV. KashikhinJ. Katharina BehrU. KayaJ. KeintzelP. A. KeinzK. KeppelR. KersevanK. KershawH. KhanpourS. KhatibiM. Khatiri YanehsariV. V. KhozeJ. KieselerA. KilicA. KilpinenY. -K. KimD. W. KimU. KleinM. KleinF. KlingN. KlinkenbergS. KlöppelM. KluteV. I. KlyukhinM. KnechtB. KniehlF. KocakC. KoeberlA. M. KolanoA. KolleggerK. KołodziejA. A. KolomietsJ. KomppulaI. KoopP. KoppenburgM. KoratzinosM. KordiaczyńskaM. KorjikO. KortnerP. KostkaW. KotlarskiC. KotnigT. KöttigA. V. KotwalA. D. KovalenkoS. KowalskiJ. KozaczukG. A. KozlovS. S. KozubA. M. KrainerT. KramerM. KrämerM. KrammerA. A. KrasnovF. KraussK. KravalisL. KretzschmarR. M. KriskeH. KritscherP. KrkoticH. KrohaM. KucharczykS. KudayA. KuendigG. KuhlmannA. KuleszaM. KumarM. KumarA. KusinaS. KuttimalaiM. KuzeT. KwonF. LacknerM. LacknerE. La FrancescaM. LaineG. LamannaS. La MendolaE. LançonG. LandsbergP. LangackerC. LangeA. LangnerA. J. LankfordJ. P. LansbergT. LariP. J. LaycockP. LebrunA. LechnerK. LeeS. LeeR. LeeT. LefevreP. Le GuenT. LehtinenS. B. LeithP. LenziE. LeograndeC. LeonidopoulosI. Leon-MonzonG. LernerO. LeroyT. LesiakP. LévaiA. LeverattoE. LevichevG. LiS. LiR. LiD. LiberatiM. LiepeD. A. LissauerZ. LiuA. LobkoE. LocciE. Logothetis AgaliotisM. P. LombardoA. J. LongC. LorinR. LositoA. LouzguitiI. LowD. LucchesiM. T. LucchiniA. LucianiM. LueckhofA. J. G. LuntM. LuzumD. A. LyubimtsevM. MaggioraN. MagninM. A. MahmoudF. MahmoudiJ. MaitreV. MakarenkoA. MalagoliJ. MalclésL. MalgeriP. J. MallonF. MaltoniS. MalvezziO. B. MalyshevG. MancinelliP. MandrikP. ManfrinettiM. ManganoP. ManilM. MannelliG. MarchioriF. MarhauserV. MarianiV. MarinozziS. MariottoP. MarquardC. MarquetT. Marriott-DodingtonR. MartinO. MartinJ. Martin CamalichT. MartinezH. Martinez BruzualM. I. Martínez-HernándezD. E. MartinsS. MarzaniD. MarzoccaL. MarzolaS. MasciocchiI. MasinaA. MassimilianoA. MassironiT. MasubuchiV. A. MatveevM. A. MazzoniM. McCulloughP. A. McIntoshP. MeadeL. MedinaA. MeierJ. MeignanB. MeleJ. G. Mendes SaraivaF. MenezM. MentinkE. MeoniP. MeridianiM. MerkP. MermodV. MertensL. MetherE. MétralM. MiglioratiA. MilaneseC. MilardiG. MilhanoB. L. MilitsynF. MilletI. MinashviliJ. V. MinerviniL. S. MirallesD. MirarchiS. MishimaD. P. MissiaenG. MitselmakherT. MitshuhashiJ. MnichM. Mohammadi NajafabadiR. N. MohapatraN. MokhovJ. G. MolsonR. MongeC. MontagG. MontagnaS. MonteilG. MonteneroE. MontesinosF. MoortgatN. MorangeG. MorelloM. Moreno LlácerM. MorettiS. MorettiA. K. MorleyA. MorosI. MorozovV. MorrettaM. MorroneA. MostacciS. MuanzaN. MuchnoiM. MühleggerM. MulderM. MuldersB. MüllerF. MüllerA. -S. MüllerJ. MunillaM. J. MurrayY. MuttoniS. MyersM. MylonaJ. NachtmanT. NakamotoM. NardecchiaG. NardiniP. NasonZ. NergizA. V. NesterenkoJ. A. NettoA. NettsträterC. NeubüserJ. NeundorfF. NiccoliO. NicrosiniY. NieU. NiedermayerJ. NiedzielaA. NiemiS. A. NikitinA. NisatiJ. M. NoM. NonisY. NosochkovM. NovákA. NovokhatskiJ. M. O’CallaghanC. OchandoS. OgurK. OhmiK. OideV. A. OkorokovY. OkumuraC. OleariF. I. OlnessY. OnelM. OrtinoJ. OsborneP. OslandT. OttoK. Y. OyulmazA. OzansoyV. ÖzcanK. ÖzdemirC. E. PagliaroneH. F. Pais da SilvaE. PalmieriL. PalumboA. PampaloniR. -Q. PanM. PanareoO. PanellaG. PanicoG. PanizzoA. A. PankovV. PantsyrnyC. G. PapadopoulosA. PapaefstathiouY. PapaphilippouM. A. ParkerV. ParmaM. PasqualiS. K. PatraR. PattersonH. PaukkunenF. PaussS. PeggsJ. -P. PenttinenG. PeónE. E. PerepelkinE. PerezJ. C. PerezG. PerezF. PérezE. Perez CodinaJ. Perez MoralesM. PerfilovH. PerneggerM. PeruzziC. PesK. PetersS. PetraccaF. PetrielloL. PezzottiS. PfeifferF. PiccininiT. PieloniM. PieriniH. PikhartovaG. PikursE. PilicerP. PiminovC. PiraR. PittauW. PłaczekM. PlaggeT. PlehnM. -A. PleierM. PłoskońM. PodeurH. PodlechT. PodzornyL. PoggioliA. PoironG. PoleselloM. Poli LenerA. PoliniJ. PolinskiS. M. PolozovL. PonceM. PontL. PontecorvoT. PortaluriK. PotamianosC. PrasseM. PrausaA. PreinerstorferE. PrematT. PriceM. PrimaveraF. PrinoM. PrioliJ. ProudfootA. ProvinoT. PugnatN. PukhaevaS. PuławskiD. PulikowskiG. PunziM. PuttiA. PyarelalH. QuackM. QuispeA. RacioppiH. RafiqueV. RaginelM. RaidalN. S. Ramírez-UribeM. J. Ramsey-MusolfR. RataP. RatoffF. RavottiP. Rebello TelesM. ReboudS. RedaelliE. RennerA. E. Rentería-OlivoM. RescignoJ. ReuterA. RibonA. M. RicciW. RieglerS. RiemannB. RiemannT. RiemannJ. M. RiffletR. A. RimmerR. RinaldesiL. RinolfiO. Rios RubirasT. RisseladaA. RivettiL. RivkinT. RizzoT. RobensF. RobertA. J. RobsonE. RochepaultC. RodaG. RodrigoM. Rodríguez-CahuantziC. RoganM. RoigS. Rojas-TorresJ. RojoG. RolandiG. RolandoP. RoloffA. RomanenkoA. RomanovF. RoncaroloA. Rosado SanchezG. RosazL. RossiA. RossiR. RossmanithB. RoussetC. RoyonX. RuanI. RuehlV. Ruhlmann-KleiderR. RuizL. RumyantsevR. RuprechtA. I. RyazanovA. SabaR. SadykovD. Saez de JaureguiM. SahinB. SailerM. SaitoF. SalaG. P. SalamJ. Salfeld-NebgenC. A. SalgadoS. SaliniJ. M. SalleseT. SalmiA. SalzburgerO. A. SampayoS. SanfilippoJ. SantiagoE. SantopintoR. SantoroA. Sanz UllX. SarasolaI. H. SarpünM. SauvainS. SavelyevaR. SawadaG. F. R. SborliniA. SchafferM. SchaumannM. SchenkC. ScheuerleinI. SchienbeinK. SchlengaH. SchmicklerR. SchmidtD. SchoerlingA. SchoningT. Schörner-SadeniusM. SchottD. SchulteP. SchwallerC. SchwanenbergerP. SchwemlingN. SchwergL. ScibileA. SciutoE. ScomparinC. SebastianiB. SeeberM. SegretiP. SelvaM. SelvaggiC. SenatoreA. SenolL. SerinM. SerlucaN. SerraA. SeryiL. SestiniA. SfyrlaM. ShaposhnikovE. ShaposhnikovaB. Y. SharkovD. ShatilovJ. SheltonV. ShiltsevI. P. ShipseyG. D. ShirkovA. ShivajiD. ShwartzT. SianS. SidorovA. SiemkoL. SilvestriniN. SimandF. SimonB. K. SinghA. SiódmokY. SiroisE. SirtoriR. SirvinskaiteB. SitarT. SjöstrandP. SkandsE. SkordisK. SkovpenM. SkrzypekE. SladeP. SlavichR. SlovakV. SmalukV. SmirnovW. SnoeysL. SoffiP. SollanderO. SolovyanovH. K. SoltveitH. SongP. SopickiM. SorbiL. SpallinoM. SpannowskyB. SpataroP. SphicasH. SpiesbergerP. SpillerM. SpiraT. SrivastavaJ. StachelA. StakiaJ. L. StanyardE. StarchenkoA. Y. StarikovA. M. StaśtoM. StateraR. SteerenbergJ. SteggemannA. StenvallF. StivanelloD. StöckingerL. S. StoelM. Stöger-PollachB. StraussM. StuartG. StupakovS. SuA. SubletK. SugitaL. SulakM. K. SullivanS. SultansoyT. SumidaK. SuzukiG. SylvaM. J. SyphersA. SznajderM. TaborelliN. A. TahirM. TakeuchiE. Tal HodC. TambascoJ. TanakaK. TangI. TapanS. TaroniG. F. TartarelliG. TassielliL. TavianT. M. TaylorG. N. TaylorA. M. TeixeiraG. Tejeda-MuñozV. I. TelnovR. TenchiniH. H. J. ten KateK. TerashiA. TesiM. TestaC. TetrelD. TeytelmanJ. ThalerA. ThammS. ThomasM. T. TiirakariV. TikhomirovD. TikhonovH. TimkoV. TisserandL. M. TkachenkoJ. TkaczukJ. P. TockB. ToddE. TodescoR. Tomás GarciaD. TommasiniG. TonelliF. ToralT. TorimsR. TorreZ. TownsendR. TrantD. TreilleL. TrentadueA. TricoliA. TricomiW. TrischukI. S. TropinB. TuchmingA. A. TudoraB. TurbiarzI. Turk CakirM. TurriT. TydecksJ. UsovitschJ. UythovenR. VaglioA. ValassiF. ValchkovaM. A. Valdivia GarciaP. ValenteR. U. ValenteA. -M. Valente-FelicianoG. ValentinoL. Vale SilvaJ. M. ValetR. ValizadehJ. W. F. ValleS. VallecorsaG. ValloneM. van LeeuwenU. H. van RienenL. van Riesen-HauptM. VarastehL. VecchiP. VedrineG. VelevR. VenessA. VenturaW. Venturini DelsolaroM. VerducciC. B. VerhaarenC. VernieriA. P. VerweijO. VerwilligenO. ViazloA. ViciniG. ViehhauserN. VignaroliM. VignoloA. VitranoI. VivarelliS. VlachosM. VogelD. M. VogtV. VölklP. VolkovG. VolpiniJ. von AhnenG. VorotnikovG. G. VoutsinasV. VysotskyU. WagnerR. WallnyL. -T. WangR. WangK. WangB. F. L. WardT. P. WatsonN. K. WatsonZ. WsC. WeilandS. WeinzierlC. P. WelschJ. WenningerM. WidorskiU. A. WiedemannH. -U. WienandsG. WilkinsonP. H. WilliamsA. WinterA. WohlfahrtT. WojtońD. WollmannJ. WomersleyD. WoogX. WuA. WulzerM. K. YanehsariG. YangH. J. YangW. -M. YaoE. YazganV. YermolchikA. YilmazA. YilmazH. -D. YooS. A. YostT. YouC. YoungT. -T. YuF. YuA. ZaborowskaS. G. ZadehM. ZahndM. ZanettiL. ZanottoL. ZawiejskiP. ZeilerM. ZerlauthS. M. ZernovG. Zevi Dell PortaZ. ZhangY. ZhangC. ZhangH. ZhangZ. ZhaoY. -M. ZhongJ. ZhouD. ZhouP. ZhuangG. ZickF. ZimmermannEmail authorJ. Zinn-JustinL. ZivkovicA. V. ZlobinM. ZobovJ. ZupanJ. Zuritathe FCC Collaboration, In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (EPPSU), the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched as a world-wide international collaboration hosted by CERN. The FCC study covered an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee), the corresponding 100km tunnel infrastructure, as well as the physics opportunities of these two colliders, and a high-energy LHC, based on FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the fourth volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the High-Energy Large Hadron Collider HE-LHC. It summarizes the HE-LHC physics discovery opportunities, presents the HE-LHC accelerator design, performance reach, and operation plan, discusses the underlying technologies, the civil engineering and technical infrastructure, and also sketches a possible implementation. Combining ingredients from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the high-luminosity LHC upgrade and adding novel technologies and approaches, the HE-LHC design aims at a hadron collider with about twice the centre-of-mass collision energy that the LHC can reach. Its performance aims at exploring physics beyond the Standard Model, signi cantly extending the LHC's direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics and discoveries.

Published
2020

10. Surface Resistance of Superconductors in the Presence of a DC Magnetic Field: Frequency and Field Intensity Limits

Author

Ruggero Vaglio, Sergio Calatroni, Calatroni, Sergio, and Vaglio, Ruggero

Subjects
particle accelerator, Niobium, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physic, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Future Circular Collider, law.invention, law, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Sheet resistance, Superconductivity, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Material, Particle accelerator, High-temperature superconductor (HTS), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic flux, surface impedance, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Magnetic field, chemistry, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 0210 nano-technology, Beam (structure)
Abstract

We revisit the classical rigid-fluxon model which describes the effect of an applied magnetic flux on the RF surface resistance of a superconductor and discuss explicit formulations for a few limit cases. As an application, we discuss the role of magnetic flux on the enhanced surface resistance of RF accelerating cavities based on niobium, depending on its material properties. We also assess the conditions for the use of high-temperature superconductors for carrying the beam image RF currents in future high-energy circular hadron colliders such as the future circular collider being studied at CERN.

Published
2017

11. Optimization of the secondary electron yield of laser-structured copper surfaces at room and cryogenic temperature

Author

Ana Teresa Perez Fontenla, Sergio Calatroni, Mauro Taborelli, H. Neupert, Marcel Himmerlich, David Bajek, Paolo Chiggiato, Stefan Wackerow, Amin Abdolvand, and Elisa Garcia-Tabares Valdivieso

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Yield (engineering), Materials science, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces and Interfaces, Electron, Laser, Copper, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Secondary electrons, law.invention, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, chemistry, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Electron cloud ($e$-cloud) mitigation is an essential requirement for proton circular accelerators in order to guarantee beam stability at a high intensity and limit the heat load on cryogenic sections. Laser-engineered surface structuring is considered a credible process to reduce the secondary electron yield (SEY) of the surfaces facing the beam, thus suppressing the $e$-cloud phenomenon within the high luminosity upgrade of the LHC collider at CERN (HL-LHC). In this study, the SEY of Cu samples with different oxidation states, obtained either through laser treatment in air or in different gas atmospheres or via thermal annealing, has been measured at room and cryogenic temperatures and correlated with the surface composition measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was observed that samples treated in nitrogen display the lowest and more stable SEY values, correlated with the lower surface oxidation. In addition, the surface oxide layer of air-treated samples charges upon electron exposure at a low temperature, leading to fluctuations in the SEY.

Published
2020

12. Adverse events linked with the use of chimeric and humanized anti-CD20 antibodies in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Author

Pietro Ravani, Alice Bonanni, Roberta Bertelli, Maurizio Bruschi, Giorgio Piaggio, Roberto Biassoni, Michela Cioni, Armando Di Donato, Giulia Ingrasciotta, Gian Marco Ghiggeri, Gianluca Caridi, Marta Calatroni, Enrica Bertelli, Eddi Di Marco, Sara Signa, Alberto Canepa, and Matteo D'Alessandro

Subjects
Pharmacology, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, 030232 urology & nephrology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Lung injury, Humanized antibody, medicine.disease, Ofatumumab, Monoclonal antibody, Rash, Calcineurin, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, chemistry, Immunology, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Rituximab, medicine.symptom, business, Nephrotic syndrome, medicine.drug
Abstract

Aims Anti-CD20 antibodies are increasingly being used to treat idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children. While they may allow steroid and calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal, repeated infusions of anti-CD20 antibodies are often required to maintain remission. Data on their potential toxicity in INS are needed, to consider repeated infusions. Methods We investigated the side effects associated with the use of rituximab (a chimeric antibody; 130 patients) and ofatumumab (a humanized antibody; 37 patients) in children with INS (steroid-dependent and steroid/calcineurin inhibitor-dependent disease) treated at a national referral centre over a 9-year period (400 treatments; follow-up 1-9 years). Results Infusion reactions were mainly absent in children with steroid-dependent disease. Rash, dyspnoea, fever, cough and itchy throat (5% and 18% following rituximab and ofatumumab infusion, respectively) were resolved by using premedication with salbutamol. Other short-term reactions (up to 3 months), including arthritis (2%) and lung injury (1%), were more common with rituximab. Infections were observed 3-9 months following infusion, were similarly common in the two groups and resolved with targeted therapies [antibiotic, fluconazole, immunoglobulins (Igs), etc.]. The number of circulating CD19/20 cells fell to 0 at month 1 and were reconstituted at month 3; circulating IgG antibodies remained within the normal range for 1 year. Tetanus and hepatitis B virus immunization was not modified by either treatment; Epstein-Barr virus and John Cunningham virus activation markers were occasionally observed. Conclusion Overall, the toxicity of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies was limited to post-infusion side effects in children with more complex disease. The relatively safe profile of anti-CD20 antibodies supports their use as steroid-sparing agents in children with INS.

Published
2018

13. Modulation of Myostatin/Hepatocyte Growth Factor Balance by Different Hemodialysis Modalities

Author

Giacomo Garibotto, Maria Antonietta Grignano, Carmelo Libetta, Yuri Battaglia, Pasquale Esposito, Edoardo La Porta, Marta Calatroni, Marilena Gregorini, Samantha Milanesi, Teresa Rampino, and Daniela Verzola

Subjects
Male, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), medicine.medical_specialty, Article Subject, Immunology and Microbiology (all), medicine.medical_treatment, 030232 urology & nephrology, lcsh:Medicine, Hemodiafiltration, Myostatin, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biology, Biochemistry, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Wasting Syndrome, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Balance (ability), chemistry.chemical_classification, Cross-Over Studies, General Immunology and Microbiology, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, lcsh:R, General Medicine, Middle Aged, musculoskeletal system, Crossover study, Bicarbonates, Endocrinology, chemistry, Transferrin, biology.protein, Female, Hepatocyte growth factor, Hemodialysis, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background. In this study we investigated the relevance of myostatin and Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) in patients undergoing hemodialysis HD and the influence of different HD modalities on their levels. Methods. We performed a prospective crossover study in which HD patients were randomized to undergo 3-month treatment periods with bicarbonate hemodialysis (BHD) followed by online hemodiafiltration (HDF). Clinical data, laboratory parameters, and myostatin and HGF serum levels were collected and compared. Results. Ten patients and six controls (C) were evaluated. In any experimental condition myostatin and HGF levels were higher in HD than in C. At enrollment and after BHD there were not significant correlations, whereas at the end of the HDF treatment period myostatin and HGF were inversely correlated (r -0.65, p<0.05), myostatin serum levels inversely correlated with transferrin (r -0.73, p<0.05), and HGF levels that resulted positively correlated with BMI (r 0.67, p<0.05). Moving from BHD to HDF, clinical and laboratory parameters were unchanged, as well as serum HGF, whereas myostatin levels significantly decreased (6.3 ± 4.1 versus 4.3 ± 3.1 ng/ml, p<0.05). Conclusions. Modulation of myostatin levels and myostatin/HGF balance by the use of different HD modalities might represent a novel approach to the prevention and treatment of HD-related muscle wasting syndrome.

Published
2017

14. The nonlesional skin surface distinguishes atopic dermatitis with food allergy as a unique endotype

Author

Clifton F. Hall, Kanwaljit K. Brar, Brittany N. Richers, Donald Y.M. Leung, Debra Crumrine, Max A. Seibold, Kathryn A. Norquest, Gloria David, C. Conover Talbot, Evgeny Berdyshev, M.T. Montgomery, Agustin Calatroni, Robert N. Cole, Bo Liang, Elena Goleva, Nathan Dyjack, Susan Leung, Cydney Rios, Irina Bronova, Livia S. Zaramela, Karsten Zengler, Simion Kreimer, Keli Johnson, John Jung, Marco A. Ramirez-Gama, Petra LeBeau, and Peter M. Elias

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Ceramide, Endotype, Adolescent, Filaggrin Proteins, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Dermatitis, Atopic, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Intermediate Filament Proteins, Keratin, medicine, Humans, Surgical Tape, Child, Skin, chemistry.chemical_classification, Transepidermal water loss, integumentary system, Microbiota, General Medicine, Atopic dermatitis, Dendritic Cells, medicine.disease, Lipids, Water Loss, Insensible, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Staphylococcus aureus, Area Under Curve, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Keratins, Epidermis, Transcriptome, Food Hypersensitivity, Filaggrin
Abstract

Skin barrier dysfunction has been reported in both atopic dermatitis (AD) and food allergy (FA). However, only one-third of patients with AD have FA. The purpose of this study was to use a minimally invasive skin tape strip sampling method and a multiomics approach to determine whether children with AD and FA (AD FA+) have stratum corneum (SC) abnormalities that distinguish them from AD without FA (AD FA−) and nonatopic (NA) controls. Transepidermal water loss was found to be increased in AD FA+. Filaggrin and the proportion of ω-hydroxy fatty acid sphingosine ceramide content in nonlesional skin of children with AD FA+ were substantially lower than in AD FA− and NA skin. These abnormalities correlated with morphologic changes in epidermal lamellar bilayer architecture responsible for barrier homeostasis. Shotgun metagenomic studies revealed that the nonlesional skin of AD FA+ had increased abundance of Staphylococcus aureus compared to NA. Increased expression of keratins 5, 14, and 16 indicative of hyperproliferative keratinocytes was observed in the SC of AD FA+. The skin transcriptome of AD FA+ had increased gene expression for dendritic cells and type 2 immune pathways. A network analysis revealed keratins 5, 14, and 16 were positively correlated with AD FA+, whereas filaggrin breakdown products were negatively correlated with AD FA+. These data suggest that the most superficial compartment of nonlesional skin in AD FA+ has unique properties associated with an immature skin barrier and type 2 immune activation.

Published
2019

15. Coated conductor technology for the beamscreen chamber of future high energy circular colliders

Author

Artur Romanov, Francis Pérez, Juan M. O'Callaghan, D.A. Zanin, Teresa Puig, Mauro Taborelli, P. Demolon, M. Pont, Pedro Costa Pinto, A. Granadeiro Costa, H. Neupert, Patrick Krkotić, Sergio Calatroni, J. Gutierrez, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, and Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. RF&MW - Grup de Recerca de sistemes, dispositius i materials de RF i microones

Subjects
Materials science, High-temperature superconductivity, Coated conductors, Gadolinium, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Future Circular Collider, law.invention, law, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Future circular collider, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Sheet resistance, business.industry, Superconductors d'alta temperatura, Metals and Alloys, Enginyeria electrònica [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Barium, High temperature superconductors, Yttrium, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Conductor, chemistry, Surface resistance, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, Radiation protection, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

The surface resistance of state-of-the-art REBa2Cu3O7−x coated conductors has been measured at 8 GHz versus temperature and magnetic field. We show that the surface resistance of REBa2Cu3O7−x strongly depends on the microstructure of the material. We have compared our results to those determined by the rigid fluxon model. The model gives a very good qualitative description of our data, opening the door to unravel the effect of material microstructure and vortex interactions on the surface resistance of high temperature superconductors. Moreover, it provides a powerful tool to design the best coated conductor architecture that minimizes the infield surface resistance. We have found that the surface resistance of REBa2Cu3O7−x at 50 K and up to 9 T is lower than that of copper. This fact poses coated conductors as strong candidate to substitute copper as a beamscreen coating in CERN’s future circular collider. To this end we have also analyzed the secondary electron yield (SEY) of REBa2Cu3O7−x and found a compatible coating made of sputtered Ti and amorphous carbon that decreases the SEY close to unity, a mandatory requirement for the beamscreen chamber of a circular collider in order to prevent the electron-cloud phenomenon.

Published
2019
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16. Cryogenic surface resistance of copper: Investigation of the impact of surface treatments for secondary electron yield reduction

Author

Amin Abdolvand, Pedro Costa Pinto, Sarah Aull, Paolo Chiggiato, Marcel Himmerlich, W. Vollenberg, Paul Cruikshank, David Bajek, Stefan Wackerow, Beniamino Di Girolamo, Sergio Calatroni, and Marco Arzeo

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Yield (engineering), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Secondary electrons, Resonator, Coating, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Composite material, 010306 general physics, Sheet resistance, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Surfaces and Interfaces, Copper, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Amorphous carbon, chemistry, engineering, lcsh:QC770-798, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Radio frequency
Abstract

The surface resistance of copper samples with an amorphous carbon (a-C) coating or with laser surface structuring, the surface treatments of choice for electron cloud suppression in critical cryogenic sectors of the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), has been measured for the first time at a cryogenic temperature using the quadrupole resonator at CERN. Three different frequencies of relevance for evaluating beam impedance effects, namely, 400, 800, and 1200 MHz, have been investigated. No significant increase in surface resistance is observed for the a-C coating, compared to plain copper. In the case of laser structuring, the surface resistance depends on the direction of the surface currents relative to the laser-engraved groove pattern. The increase is minimal for parallel patterns, but in the perpendicular case the surface resistance increases considerably. Radio frequency (rf) heating from wake losses would then also increase in the HL-LHC case; however, the reduction in the power deposited onto the cold surfaces thanks to electron cloud suppression would still outweigh this effect.

Published
2019

17. 6-Mer Hyaluronan Oligosaccharides Modulate Neuroinflammation and α-Synuclein Expression in Neuron-Like SH-SY5Y Cells

Author

Alberto Calatroni, Angela Avenoso, Michele Scuruchi, Edoardo Spina, Stefania Campana, Angela D'Ascola, Giuseppe M. Campo, Yousef Abdel Kareem Abusamra, and Salvatore Campo

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, SH-SY5Y, Chemistry, Cell, Inflammation, Stimulation, Cell Biology, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Cell biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cell culture, medicine, Neuron, medicine.symptom, Receptor, Molecular Biology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroinflammation
Abstract

Several studies have shown the degradation of the extracellular matrix at the site of neuroinflammation and increased release of degradation products of glycosaminoglycans. Among these, low molecular weight fragments of hyaluronan (HA) may play a key role in the events leading to neuroinflammation and/or neuronal degeneration. Small HA fragments are able to induce inflammation by stimulating both TLR-2 and TLR-4 as well as CD44 receptors. This stimulation culminates in the nuclear translocation of NF-kB that in turn induces the production of pro-inflammatory intermediates such as TNF-α and IL-1β. The potential of HA fragments, as mediators of inflammation, it has been poorly investigated in neuron-like SH-SY5Y cells so the aim of this study was to investigate the neuroinflammatory effects of very small HA oligosaccharides, the involvement of TLR-2, TLR-4, and CD44 and the production of α-synuclein in such cells. The addition of HA fragments to cell cultures up-regulated TLR-2, TLR-4, and CD44 levels, induced NF-kB activity and increased both TNF-α and IL-β as well as α-synuclein production. On blocking the activity of TLR-2, TLR-4, and CD44 the levels of inflammatory parameters and of α-synuclein were significantly reduced. Since several data have shown as α-synuclein, produced from neurons, is able to initiate ex novo or to maintain an existing neuroinflammatory response, which has been suggested as one of the principal components involved in neurodegenerative pathologies, as PD, we suggest that HA pathways should be given careful consideration when devising future anti-neuroinflammatory strategies to defend against the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2835-2843, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Published
2016

18. Hyaluronan in the experimental injury of the cartilage: biochemical action and protective effects

Author

Alberto Calatroni, Michele Scuruchi, Salvatore Campo, Angela D'Ascola, Giuseppe M. Campo, Antonino Saitta, Angela Avenoso, and Giuseppe Mandraffino

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Integrin, Immunology, Protective Agents, Extracellular matrix, Glycosaminoglycan, 03 medical and health sciences, Chondrocytes, Cartilage damage, medicine, Animals, Humans, NF-kB, Hyaluronic Acid, Cell adhesion, Receptor, Hyaluronan, Pharmacology, biology, Chemistry, Chondrocytes, experimental arthritis, Cytokines, TLR-4, Cartilage, CD44, In vitro, Cell biology, experimental arthritis, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, biology.protein
Abstract

Our knowledge of extracellular matrix (ECM) structure and function has increased enormously over the last decade or so. There is evidence demonstrating that ECM provides signals affecting cell adhesion, shape, migration, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. ECM presents many domains that become active after proteolytic cleavage. These active ECM fragments are called matrikines which play different roles; in particular, they may act as potent inflammatory mediators during cartilage injury. A major component of the ECM that undergoes dynamic regulation during cartilage damage and inflammation is the non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) hyaluronan (HA). In this contest, HA is the most studied because of its different activity due to the different polymerization state. In vivo evidences have shown that low molecular weight HA exerts pro-inflammatory action, while high molecular weight HA possesses anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the beneficial HA effects on arthritis are not only limited to its viscosity and lubricant action on the joints, but it is especially due to a specific and effective anti-inflammatory activity. Several in vitro experimental investigations demonstrated that HA treatment may regulate different biochemical pathways involved during the cartilage damage. Emerging reports are suggesting that the ability to recognize receptors both for the HA degraded fragments, whether for the high-polymerized native HA involve interaction with integrins, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the cluster determinant (CD44). The activation of these receptors induced by small HA fragments, via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cell (NF-kB) mediation, directly or other different pathways, produces the transcription of a large number of damaging intermediates that lead to cartilage erosion. This review briefly summarizes a number of findings of the recent studies focused on the protective effects of HA, at the different polymerization states, on experimental arthritis in vitro both in animal and human cultured chondrocytes.

Published
2018

19. The proteoglycan biglycan mediates inflammatory response by activating TLR-4 in human chondrocytes: Inhibition by specific siRNA and high polymerized Hyaluronan

Author

Giuseppe Mandraffino, Antonino Saitta, Alberto Calatroni, Giuseppe M. Campo, Michele Scuruchi, Angela Avenoso, Salvatore Campo, and Angela D'Ascola

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Lipopolysaccharides, Cell type, Polymers, Inflammatory response, Biophysics, Inflammation, Biochemistry, Chondrocyte, Extracellular matrix, 03 medical and health sciences, Chondrocytes, Biglycan, medicine, Humans, Hyaluronic Acid, RNA, Small Interfering, Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, biology, Chemistry, NF-kappa B, musculoskeletal system, Cell biology, carbohydrates (lipids), Toll-Like Receptor 4, Cytokines, Hyaluronan, NF-kB, TLR-4, siRNA, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Proteoglycan, biology.protein, medicine.symptom, Inflammation Mediators, Function (biology)
Abstract

Cartilage degeneration are hallmarks of wear, tear, mechanical and inflammatory damage of the joint cartilage. Tissue degradation as well as compromising the integrity and function of the organ, produces different intermediates, directly able to stimulate further inflammatory effect, therefore, amplifying the inflammation response. Biglycan is a soluble component of the extracellular matrix that is released during tissue injury. It has been reported that released biglycan is an endogenous ligand for TLR-2/4 in some cell type. We studied the role of biglycan in an experimental model of biglycan-induced inflammatory response in human chondrocytes and the effect of high polymerized HA on reducing its activity. Exposition of chondrocytes to LPS generated cell injury, including high levels of biglycan. Chondrocyte treatment with biglycan produces a high mRNA expression of several detrimental inflammation mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-13, and IL-17, as well as NF-kB and TLR-4 activation. Administration of high polymerized HA to chondrocytes exposed to biglycan was able to attenuate the inflammatory response by decreasing the expression of the inflammatory mediators. Involvement of the TLR-4 in the mediation of the biglycan action was confirmed using a specific silent agent (siRNA). Taken together, these data could be used to develop new anti-inflammatory approaches.

Published
2018

20. From Field Emission to Vacuum Arc Ignition: A New Tool for Simulating Copper Vacuum Arcs

Author

R. Schneider, Lotta Mether, Flyura Djurabekova, Walter Wuensch, Konstantin Matyash, Kai Nordlund, Sergio Calatroni, Helga Timko, and K. Ness Sjobak

Subjects
Materials science, Argon, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Vacuum arc, Plasma, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Evaporation (deposition), Cathode, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Electric arc, Field electron emission, chemistry, Physics::Plasma Physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Common emitter
Abstract

Understanding plasma initiation in vacuum arc discharges can help to bridge the gap between nano-scale triggering phenomena and the macroscopic surface damage caused by vacuum arcs. We present a new twodimensional particle-in-cell tool to simulate plasma initiation in direct-current (DC) copper vacuum arc discharges starting from a single, strong field emitter at the cathode. Our simulations describe in detail how a sub-micron field emission site can evolve to a macroscopic vacuum arc discharge, and provide a possible explanation for why and how cathode spots can spread on the cathode surface. Furthermore, the model provides us with a prediction for the current and voltage characteristics, as well as for properties of the plasma like densities, fluxes and electric potentials in a simple DC discharge case, which are in agreement with the known experimental values. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Published
2015

21. Renal involvement in mushroom poisoning: The case of Orellanus syndrome

Author

Pasquale Esposito, Stefania Bianzina, Marilena Gregorini, Carmelo Libetta, Edoardo La Porta, Marta Calatroni, Antonio Dal Canton, and Teresa Rampino

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Kidney, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Interstitial nephritis, Orellanine, Acute kidney injury, Poison control, Hematology, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Surgery, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Nephrology, Internal medicine, medicine, Renal replacement therapy, Hemodialysis, Mushroom poisoning, business
Abstract

Although mushroom poisoning is a rare cause of acute renal injury, in some cases it may lead to the development of a severe and irreversible renal failure. Orellanus syndrome is the most important example of organic renal damage related to mushroom consumption. It is caused by the ingestion of orellanine, the main toxin of different types of Cortinarius mushrooms (Cortinarius speciosissimus, C. orellanus, C. orellanoides, etc.), and it is characterized by progressive clinical phases with a predominant kidney involvement, finally requiring renal replacement therapy in about 10% of cases. Renal damage is often late and associated with a histological picture of interstitial nephritis. Diagnosis is essentially clinical and no specific therapy has been shown to be effective in preventing and treating renal damage. Here, we describe the case of a patient with mixed wild mushroom poisoning, presenting the typical clinical signs and course of the Orellanus syndrome. This case offers us the opportunity to review the main clinical features of this severe and little-known intoxication.

Published
2015

22. Inhibition of small HA fragment activity and stimulation of A2A adenosine receptor pathway limit apoptosis and reduce cartilage damage in experimental arthritis

Author

Alberto Calatroni, Antongiulio Bruschetta, Angela Avenoso, Domenico Puzzolo, Angela D'Ascola, Antonio Micali, Salvatore Campo, Antonina Pisani, Giuseppe M. Campo, and Michele Scuruchi

Subjects
Cartilage, Articular, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adenosine, Time Factors, Histology, Adenosine A2 Receptor Agonists, Receptor, Adenosine A2A, Freund's Adjuvant, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Arthritis, Apoptosis, Inflammation, Stimulation, Severity of Illness Index, hyaluronan, Chondrocytes, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Hyaluronic Acid, Receptor, Collagen Type II, Molecular Biology, Chemistry, Cartilage, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Arthritis, Experimental, Adenosine receptor, Medical Laboratory Technology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, arthritis, Mice, Inbred DBA, Immunology, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Drug Therapy, Combination, Joints, Inflammation Mediators, medicine.symptom, Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins, Peptides, Signal Transduction, medicine.drug
Abstract

Recent studies have found that the inactivation of small hyaluronan (HA) fragments originating from native HA during inflammation reduced the inflammatory response in models of experimental arthritis. The stimulation of adenosine receptors A2A reduced inflammation by inhibiting NF-kB activation. The combination of both treatments was significantly more effective than either of the individual treatments. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of a combined treatment using the HA inhibitor Pep-1 and a selective A2AR agonist (CV-1808) on the structure and ultrastructure of the articular cartilage and on apoptosis in a model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Arthritic mice were treated with Pep-1 and/or CV-1808 intraperitoneally daily for 20 days. At day 35, the hind limbs were processed for light microscopy (hematoxylin/eosin and Safranin-O-Fast Green) and for transmission and scanning electron microscopy. CIA increased IL-6, caspase-3 and caspase-7 mRNA expression and the related protein levels in arthritic articular cartilage, and significantly increased concentrations of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), while B cell-lymphoma-2 protein (Bcl-2) was markedly reduced. The combined Pep-1/CV-1808 treatment significantly reduced CIA injury, particularly at the highest doses, demonstrated by the presence of Safranin-O-positive cartilage, with a smooth surface and normal chondrocytes in the superficial, intermediate and deep zones. Morphological data and histological scoring were strongly supported by the reduction in inflammation and apoptotic markers. The results further support the role of HA degradation and A2A receptors in arthritis.

Published
2014

23. Performance analysis of superconducting rf cavities for the CERN rare isotope accelerator

Author

G. Rosaz, A. Sublet, Sergio Calatroni, Ruggero Vaglio, W. Venturini Delsolaro, Vincenzo Palmieri, Akira Miyazaki, Calatroni, S., Miyazaki, A., Rosaz, G., Sublet, A., Venturini Delsolaro, W., Vaglio, R., and Palmieri, V.

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Superconductivity, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Large Hadron Collider, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Thermal resistance, Niobium, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces and Interfaces, 01 natural sciences, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Sputtering, Cryomodule, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QC770-798, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure), Sheet resistance, Nuclear and High Energy Physic
Abstract

The first cryomodule of the new HIE-ISOLDE rare isotope accelerator has recently been commissioned with beam at CERN, with the second cryomodule ready for installation. Each cryomodule contains five superconducting low-beta quarter wave cavities, produced with the technology of sputtering a thin niobium film onto the copper substrate ($\mathrm{Nb}/\mathrm{Cu}$). This technology has several benefits compared to the bulk niobium solution, but also drawbacks among which the most relevant is the increase of surface resistance with accelerating field. Recent work has established the possible connection of this phenomenon to local defects in the $\mathrm{Nb}/\mathrm{Cu}$ interface, which may lead to increased thermal impedance and thus local thermal runaway. We have analyzed the performance of the HIE-ISOLDE cavities series production, as well as of a few prototypes', in terms of this model, and found a strong correlation between the rf properties and one of the model characteristic quantities, namely the total surface having increased interface thermal impedance.

Published
2016

24. A low energy muon spin rotation and point contact tunneling study of niobium films prepared for superconducting cavities

Author

A. Sublet, Tobias Junginger, Thomas Proslier, Sergio Calatroni, Zaher Salman, G. Terenziani, Thomas Prokscha, and John Zasadzinski

Subjects
Materials science, cond-mat.supr-con, Niobium, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, 01 natural sciences, Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con), Micrometre, Paramagnetism, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Physics in General, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Quantum tunnelling, Superconductivity, Condensed matter physics, Accelerator research and development, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Metals and Alloys, Muon spin spectroscopy, Condensed Matter Physics, chemistry, Cavity magnetron, Ceramics and Composites, High-power impulse magnetron sputtering
Abstract

Point contact tunneling and low energy muon spin rotation are used to probe, on the same samples, the surface superconducting properties of micrometer thick niobium films deposited onto copper substrates using different sputtering techniques: diode, dc magnetron and HIPIMS. The combined results are compared to radio-frequency tests performances of RF cavities made with the same processes. Degraded surface superconducting properties are found to correlate to lower quality factors and stronger Q-slope. In addition, both techniques find evidence for surface paramagnetism on all samples and particularly on Nb films prepared by HIPIMS. Point contact tunneling (PCT) and low energy muon spin rotation (LE-muSR) are used to probe, on the same samples, the surface superconducting properties of micrometer thick niobium films deposited onto copper substrates using different sputtereing techniques: diode, dc magnetron (dcMS) and HIPIMS. The combined results are compared to radio-frequency tests performances of RF cavities made with the same processes. Degraded surface superconducting properties are found to yield lower quality factors and stronger Q slope. In addition, both techniques find evidence for surface paramagnetism on all samples and particularly on Nb films prepared by HIPIMS.

Published
2017

25. Inhibition of the hyaluronan oligosaccharides inflammatory response: reduction of adenosine 2A receptor activation by EPAC and PKA

Author

Alberto Calatroni, Michele Scuruchi, Giancarlo Nastasi, Giuseppe M. Campo, Angela Avenoso, Angela D'Ascola, and Salvatore Campo

Subjects
Chemistry, Mrna expression, Inflammatory response, Clinical Biochemistry, Inflammation, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Biochemistry, Adenosine, PKA inhibitor, Cell biology, medicine, medicine.symptom, Receptor activation, medicine.drug
Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic adenosine (ADO) monophosphate (EPAC) in 4-mer hyaluronan (HA) oligosaccharide-induced inflammatory response in mouse normal synovial fibroblasts (NSF). Treatment of NSF with 4-mer HA increased Toll-like receptor-4, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA expression and of the related proteins, as well as nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB) activation. Addition to NSF, previously stimulated with 4-mer HA oligosaccharides, of ADO significantly reduced NF-kB activation, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta expression. The pre-treatment of NSF with cyclic ADO monophosphate and/or PKA and/or EPAC-specific inhibitors significantly inhibited the anti-inflammatory effect exerted by ADO. In particular, the EPAC inhibitor reduced the ADO effect to a major extent than the PKA inhibitor. These results mean that both PKA and EPAC pathways are involved in ADO-induced NF-kB inhibition although EPAC seems to be more involved than PKA.

Published
2014

26. Development of sputtered Nb3Sn films on copper substrates for superconducting radiofrequency applications

Author

W. Vollenberg, Mauro Taborelli, G. Rosaz, J B Descarrega, Alexander J.G. Lunt, Floriane Léaux, W Venturini-Delsolaro, E A Ilyina, and Sergio Calatroni

Subjects
Argon, Materials science, business.industry, Annealing (metallurgy), Superconducting radio frequency, Metals and Alloys, Niobium, chemistry.chemical_element, Sputter deposition, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Copper, chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Thin film, business
Abstract

Superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities that could provide a higher quality factor as well as a higher operational accelerating gradient at an affordable cost are highly demanded for future generation of particle accelerators. This study aims to demonstrate the potential of Nb$_3$Sn as material of choice for such SRF applications. Due to its brittle nature, the only way to produce an Nb$_3$Sn SFR cavity is to synthesise a thin layer inside a cavity made of niobium or copper. In this work, direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) using a stoichiometric target of Nb$_3$Sn was employed to produce films on copper samples. Assessment of the morphology, microstructure and superconducting properties were performed in order to ensure that this approach is suitable for SRF applications. The potential of the method is proven by obtaining films, which exhibit a crack-free surface, dense morphology and critical temperatures ($T_c$) up to 16K. The essential properties of the films have also been investigated with respect to the deposition and annealing conditions. The use of krypton as working gas during deposition increases the atomic percent of Sn in the film compared to argon. However, in contrast to argon, higher krypton pressures reduce the atomic percent of Sn. It was also found that long-lasting high temperature annealing leads to higher superconducting critical temperatures due to an increased crystallographic order. Particular attention was given to the influence of the copper substrate on the film growth as well as the microstructural and superconducting characteristics. We discuss the main constraints introduced by the copper substrate, such as copper interdiffusion during annealing, lattice mismatch and difference in thermal expansion coefficients and methods to overcome them. Superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavities that could provide a higher quality factor as well as a higher operational accelerating gradient at an affordable cost are in high demand for the future generation of particle accelerators. This study aims to demonstrate the potential of Nb3Sn as material of choice for such SRF applications. Due to its brittle nature, the only way to produce an Nb3Sn SFR cavity is to synthesise a thin layer inside a cavity made of niobium or copper. In this work, direct current magnetron sputtering using a stoichiometric target of Nb3Sn was employed to produce films on copper samples. Assessment of the morphology, microstructure and superconducting properties were performed in order to ensure that this approach is suitable for SRF applications. The potential of the method is proven by obtaining films, which exhibit a crack-free surface, dense morphology and critical temperatures (T c) up to 16 K. The essential properties of the films have also been investigated with respect to the deposition and annealing conditions. The use of krypton as working gas during deposition increases the atomic percent of Sn in the film compared to argon. However, in contrast to argon, higher krypton pressures reduce the atomic percent of Sn. It was also found that long-lasting high-temperature annealing leads to higher superconducting critical temperatures due to an increased crystallographic order. Particular attention was given to the influence of the copper substrate on the film growth as well as the microstructural and superconducting characteristics. We discuss the main constraints introduced by the copper substrate, such as copper interdiffusion during annealing, lattice mismatch and difference in thermal expansion coefficients and methods to overcome them.

Published
2019

27. The SOD mimic MnTM-2-PyP(5+) reduces hyaluronan degradation-induced inflammation in mouse articular chondrocytes stimulated with Fe (II) plus ascorbate

Author

Antonina Pisani, Alberto Calatroni, Angela D'Ascola, Michele Scuruchi, Domenico Puzzolo, Angela Avenoso, Salvatore Campo, Giancarlo Nastasi, Giuseppe M. Campo, and Antonio Micali

Subjects
Cartilage, Articular, Male, Metalloporphyrins, Cysteamine, Iron, Interleukin-1beta, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Inflammation, Ascorbic Acid, Biochemistry, Proinflammatory cytokine, Superoxide dismutase, Lipid peroxidation, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chondrocytes, Matrix Metalloproteinase 13, medicine, Animals, RNA, Messenger, Hyaluronic Acid, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, biology, Superoxide Dismutase, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, NF-kappa B, Cell Biology, Molecular biology, Toll-Like Receptor 2, Respiratory burst, Molecular Weight, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Hyaluronan Receptors, Gene Expression Regulation, chemistry, biology.protein, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Lipid Peroxidation, medicine.symptom, Peptides, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidation-Reduction, Peroxynitrite
Abstract

In pathological conditions, oxidative burst generates hyaluronan (HA) fragmentation with a consequent increase in the number of small HA oligosaccharides. These fragments are able to stimulate an inflammatory response in different cell types by activating the CD44 and the toll-like receptors 4 (TLR-4) and 2 (TLR-2). The stimulation of CD44 and TLRs in turn activates the NF-kB which induces the production of several pro-inflammatory mediators that amplify and perpetuate inflammation. We aimed to study the antioxidant effect of the SOD mimic, synthetic manganese porphyrin, Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTM-2-PyP(5+)) on preventing HA degradation in mouse articular chondrocytes stimulated with Fe (II) plus ascorbate. Fe (II) plus ascorbate stimulation induced oxidative burst confirmed by high levels of hydroxyl radical/peroxynitrite production, increased lipid peroxidation and HA degradation. HA fragments highly induced mRNA expression and the related protein production of CD44, TLR-4 and TLR-2, NF-kB activation and significantly up-regulated the inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and other pro-inflammatory mediators, i.e. matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP-13) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Treatment of cells with MnTM-2-PyP(5+)was able to attenuate oxidative burst, HA degradation and NF-kB activation, and markedly decreased mRNA expression of CD44, and TLRs and the related protein synthesis, as well as the levels of up-regulated inflammatory mediators. Adding a specific HA-blocking peptide (PEP-1) to cells significantly reduced all the inflammatory parameters up-regulated by Fe (II) plus ascorbate, and increased MnTM-2-PyP(5+) activity. These findings suggest that HA degradation plays a key role in the initial inflammatory response of cartilage and antioxidants and could be a useful tool to prevent the propagation of this mechanism.

Published
2013

28. Adenosine A2A receptor activation and hyaluronan fragment inhibition reduce inflammation in mouse articular chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin-1β

Author

Salvatore Campo, Giancarlo Nastasi, Giuseppe M. Campo, Vera Prestipino, Angela D'Ascola, Michele Scuruchi, Angela Avenoso, and Alberto Calatroni

Subjects
Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemistry, medicine.drug_class, Interleukin, Adenosine A2A receptor, Inflammation, Cell Biology, Biochemistry, Adenosine, Proinflammatory cytokine, Cell biology, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, medicine.symptom, Receptor, Molecular Biology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Small hyaluronan (HA) fragments produced from native HA during inflammation contribute greatly to cell injury in many pathologies. HA oligosaccharides increase proinflammatory cytokine levels by activating both CD44 and toll-like receptor (TLR)-4. Stimulation of CD44 and TLR-4 then activates nuclear factor-κB, which induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The adenosine 2A receptor (A(2A)R) is also involved in several inflammation pathologies, and the nucleoside adenosine acts as a potent endogenous inhibitor of inflammation in various tissues by interacting with this receptor. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an HA-blocking peptide that inhibits the proinflammatory action of HA oligosaccharides produced during inflammation, together with a specific A(2A)R agonist in a model of normal mouse articular chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β. IL-1β stimulation significantly increased mRNA expression and the related protein production of TLR-4, TLR-2, CD44 and A(2A)R in articular chondrocytes. The induced nuclear factor-κB activation was also associated with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6, and other inflammatory mediators, such as matrix metalloprotease-13 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Treatment of chondrocytes with the HA-blocking peptide Pep-1 and/or a specific A(2A)R agonist (CGS-21680) significantly reduced all of the inflammatory parameters upregulated by IL-1β. These results suggest that the inflammatory response may be reduced either by blocking oligosaccharides from HA degradation or by A(2A)R stimulation.

Published
2012

29. 6-Mer hyaluronan oligosaccharides increase IL-18 and IL-33 production in mouse synovial fibroblasts subjected to collagen-induced arthritis

Author

Alberto Calatroni, Angela D'Ascola, Michele Scuruchi, Vera Prestipino, Salvatore Campo, Angela Avenoso, and Giuseppe M. Campo

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Oligosaccharides, Arthritis, Microbiology, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Hyaluronic acid, medicine, Animals, Hyaluronic Acid, Fibroblast, Receptor, Collagen Type II, Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, Interleukins, Synovial Membrane, Interleukin-18, NF-kappa B, NF-κB, Cell Biology, Fibroblasts, Interleukin-33, NFKB1, medicine.disease, Arthritis, Experimental, Molecular biology, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Disease Models, Animal, Hyaluronan Receptors, Infectious Diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Mice, Inbred DBA, TLR4, Inflammation Mediators, Synovial membrane
Abstract

Hyaluronan (HA) oligosaccharides stimulate pro-inflammatory responses in different cell types by modulating both cluster determinant 44 (CD44) and TLR4. The activation of these receptors is also mediated by collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) that, via two different pathways, culminates in the liberation of NF-κB. This then stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-18 and IL-33, that are greatly involved in rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 6-mer HA oligosaccharides on mouse synovial fibroblasts obtained from normal DBA/J1 mice or mice subjected to CIA. Compared with normal synovial fibroblasts (NSF), rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF) showed no up-regulation of CD44 and TLR4 mRNA expression and the related proteins, as well as no activation of NF-κB. Very low levels of both mRNA and related proteins were also detected for IL-18 and IL-33. Treatment of NSF and RASF with 6-mer HA oligosaccharides significantly increased all the parameters in both fibroblast groups, although to a greater extent in RASF. The addition of hyaluronan binding protein to both NSF and RASF inhibited HA activity and was able to reduce the effects of 6-mer HA oligosaccharides and the consequent inflammatory response.

Published
2012

30. Hyaluronan reduces inflammation in experimental arthritis by modulating TLR-2 and TLR-4 cartilage expression

Author

Vera Prestipino, Antonio Micali, Angela Avenoso, Alberto Calatroni, Salvatore Campo, Angela D'Ascola, Giancarlo Nastasi, Giuseppe M. Campo, and Mario Vaccaro

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, NF-kB, Toll-like receptor, Cytokines, TNF-alpha, Arthritis, medicine.medical_treatment, Type II collagen, Inflammation, Cartilage metabolism, Mice, Internal medicine, Synovial Fluid, medicine, Animals, Synovial fluid, Hyaluronic Acid, Collagen Type II, Cytokine, Molecular Biology, Hyaluronan, TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6, Chemistry, Cartilage, NF-kappa B, medicine.disease, Arthritis, Experimental, Toll-Like Receptor 2, Molecular Weight, Toll-Like Receptor 4, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Mice, Inbred DBA, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, Molecular Medicine, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, medicine.symptom
Abstract

Previous studies have reported that low molecular mass HA and highly polymerized HA respectively elicited pro- and anti-inflammatory responses by modulating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and the TLR-2. The activation of TLR-4 and TLR-2 mediated by collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) induces the myeloid differentiation primary response protein (MyD88) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and ends with the liberation of NF-kB which, in turn, stimulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of high molecular weight HA at different concentrations on TLR-4 and TLR-2 modulation in CIA in mice. Arthritis was induced in mice via intradermal injection of an emulsion containing bovine type II collagen in complete Freund's adjuvant. Mice were treated with HA intraperitoneally daily for 30days. CIA increased TLR-4, TLR-2, MyD88 and TRAF6 mRNA expression and the related protein in the cartilage of arthritic joints. High levels of both mRNA and related protein were also detected for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1-β), interleukin-17 (IL-17), matrix metalloprotease-13 (MMP-13) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the joint of arthritic mice. HA treatment significantly limited CIA incidence and decreased all the parameters up-regulated by CIA. The improvement of biochemical parameters was also supported by histological analysis, plasma and synovial fluid HA levels. These results suggest that the TLR-4 and TLR-2 play an important role in the arthritis mechanism and the interaction/block of HA at high molecular mass may reduce inflammation and cartilage injury.

Published
2011

31. Evolution of surface topography in dependence on the grain orientation during surface thermal fatigue of polycrystalline copper

Author

H. Neupert, M. Aicheler, Stefano Sgobba, Mauro Taborelli, G. Arnau-Izquierdo, Walter Wuensch, and Sergio Calatroni

Subjects
Materials science, Compact Linear Collider, Mechanical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Temperature cycling, Surface finish, Copper, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, chemistry, Electron diffraction, Mechanics of Materials, Modeling and Simulation, Thermal, Forensic engineering, General Materials Science, Grain boundary, Composite material, Electron backscatter diffraction
Abstract

Surface degradation due to cyclic thermal loading plays a major role in the Accelerating Structures (AS) of the future Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). In this article results on surface degradation of thermally cycled polycrystalline copper as a function of the orientation of surface grains are presented. Samples with different grain sizes were subjected to thermal fatigue using two different methods and were then characterized using roughness measurements and Orientation Imaging Scanning-Electron-Microscopy (OIM-SEM). Samples fatigued by a pulsed laser show the same trend in the orientation-fatigue damage accumulation as the sample fatigued by pulsed Radio-Frequency-heating (RF). It is clearly shown that [1 1 1] surface grains develop significantly more damage than the surface grains oriented in [1 0 0] and three reasons for this behaviour are pointed out. Based on observations performed near grain boundaries, their role in the crack initiation process is discussed. The results are in good agreement with previous findings and can be interpreted on the basis of existing theories. Finally the fatigue effects induced by the two different applied types of thermal cycling are compared.

Published
2011

32. Molecular size hyaluronan differently modulates toll-like receptor-4 in LPS-induced inflammation in mouse chondrocytes

Author

Angela Avenoso, Giancarlo Nastasi, Alberto Calatroni, Giuseppe M. Campo, Angela D'Ascola, and Salvatore Campo

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, Lipopolysaccharide, Interleukin-1beta, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Inflammation, Biochemistry, Antibodies, Chondrocyte, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chondrocytes, Antibody Specificity, Matrix Metalloproteinase 13, Gene expression, medicine, Animals, NF-kB, RNA, Messenger, Hyaluronic Acid, Receptor, Hyaluronan, Cells, Cultured, TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 6, Toll-like receptor, biology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Chemistry, NF-kappa B, General Medicine, Molecular biology, cytokines, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Molecular Weight, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Nitric oxide synthase, medicine.anatomical_structure, Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88, biology.protein, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, medicine.symptom, Hyaluronan, lipopolysaccharides, cytokines, chondrocytes, NF-kB
Abstract

Hyaluronan (HA) action depends upon its molecular size. Low molecular weight HA elicits pro-inflammatory responses by modulating the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) or by activating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). In contrast, high molecular weight HA manifests an anti-inflammatory effect via CD receptors and by inhibiting NF-kB activation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -mediated activation of TLR-4 complex induces the myeloid differentiation primary-response protein (MyD88) and the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor-6 (TRAF-6), and ends with the liberation of NF-kB/Rel family members. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of HA at different MWs (low, medium, high) on TLR-4 modulation in LPS-induced inflammatory response in mouse chondrocyte cultures. Messenger RNA and related protein levels were measured for TLR-4, MyD88, and TRAF-6 in both untreated and LPS-treated chondrocytes, with and without the addition of HA (two doses for each MW). NF-kB activation, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, matrix metalloprotease-13 (MMP-13), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression were also evaluated. LPS increased all the parameters studied as well as NF-kB activation. Low MW HA upregulated TLR-4 expression, increased MyD88 and TRAF-6 and the inflammation mediators in untreated chondrocytes, and it enhanced the LPS effect in LPS-treated cells. Medium and high MW HA exerted no activity in untreated cells and only the latter reduced the LPS effects. Specific TLR-4 blocking antibody was utilised to confirm TLR-4 as the target of HA action. These findings suggest that the regulatory effect exerted by HA (at any MW) on NF-kB activation may depend upon the interaction between HA and TLR-4 and HA may thereby modulate pro-inflammatory activity via its different state of aggregation.

Published
2010

33. Glycosaminoglycans modulate inflammation and apoptosis in LPS-treated chondrocytes

Author

Salvatore Campo, Dario Samà, Angela D'Ascola, Angela Avenoso, Giuseppe M. Campo, Paola Traina, and Alberto Calatroni

Subjects
Lipopolysaccharides, medicine.medical_specialty, LPS, Lipopolysaccharide, Cell Survival, Interleukin-1beta, GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS, CHONDROCYTES, INTERLEUKINS, CASPASES, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Apoptosis, Stimulation, Inflammation, Nitric Oxide, Biochemistry, Chondrocyte, Glycosaminoglycan, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, Matrix Metalloproteinase 13, Hyaluronic acid, medicine, Animals, Molecular Biology, Caspase, biology, Caspase 3, NF-kappa B, Cell Biology, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, biology.protein, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1, medicine.symptom
Abstract

Previous studies reported that hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulphate (CS) and heparan sulphate (HS) were able to reduce the inflammatory process in a variety of cell types after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in mouse articular chondrocytes stimulated with LPS. Chondrocyte treatment with LPS (50 microg/ml) generated high levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IFN-gamma, MMP-1, MMP-13, iNOS gene expression and their related proteins, increased NO concentrations (evaluated in terms of nitrites formation), NF-kappaB activation and IkBalpha degradation as well as apoptosis evaluated by the increase in caspase-3 expression and the amount of its related protein. The treatment of chondrocytes using two different doses (0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml) of HA, chondroitin-4-sulphate (C4S), chondroitin-6-sulphate (C6S), HS, keratan sulphate (KS) and dermatan sulphate (DS) produced a number of effects. HA exerted a very small anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect while it significantly reduced NO levels, although the effect on iNOS expression and activity was extremely slight. C4S and C6S reduced inflammation mediators and the apoptotic process. C6S failed to decrease NO production, although iNOS expression and activity were significantly reduced. HS, like C4S, was able to reduce all the effects stimulated by LPS treatment. KS and DS produced no reduction in any of the parameters considered. These results give further support to the hypothesis that GAGs actively participate in the regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic processes.

Published
2009

34. Chondroitin-4-sulphate inhibits NF-kB translocation and caspase activation in collagen-induced arthritis in mice

Author

Paola Traina, Angela D'Ascola, Giuseppe M. Campo, Angela Avenoso, Alberto Calatroni, and Salvatore Campo

Subjects
Male, Free Radicals, Knee Joint, Type II collagen, Biomedical Engineering, Arthritis, Apoptosis, Cartilage metabolism, Pharmacology, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Antioxidants, Lipid peroxidation, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Rheumatology, medicine, Animals, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, NF-kB, Caspase, Free-radical theory of aging, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reactive oxygen species, biology, Chemistry, Chondroitin Sulfates, NF-kappa B, Chondroitin-4-sulphate, medicine.disease, Arthritis, Experimental, Caspase Inhibitors, Cartilage, Caspases, Immunology, Chondroitin-4-sulphate, arthritis, lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, caspases, NF-kB, biology.protein, Chondroitin sulphate, Lipid Peroxidation, Reactive Oxygen Species, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Summary Objective Free radical damage, inflammation, and apoptosis play a critical role in the onset and progression of cartilage erosion in arthritis. Many studies have demonstrated that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and chondroitin-4-sulphate (C4S) in particular, possess antioxidant activity that is able to inhibit lipid peroxidation which is the main mechanism of free radical-mediated biological injury. In addition to the effect directly exerted by reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activation of nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) and caspases may contribute substantially to increase inflammation and cell damage. We studied whether the antioxidant action of chronic C4S treatment to reduce ROS injury involves NF-kB and caspases modulation using an experimental model of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Methods Arthritis was induced in mice via an intradermal injection at the base of the tail of 100μl of emulsion containing bovine type II collagen in complete Freund's adjuvant. Results Arthritis provoked the following: severe oedema and inflammation in the hind paws; lipid peroxidation in the joints [measured by 8-isoprostane (8-IPE) levels]; reduction of the endogenous antioxidants catalase (CAT) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels; induction of NF-kB translocation; a loss of cytoplasmic NF-kB inhibitor alpha (IkBα); an increase in metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), caspase-3 and caspase-7 gene expression and their related protein; the induction of cartilage polymorphonuclear (PMN) activation and infiltration [evaluated by elastase (ELA) assay] and cartilage alterations evaluated by histological analysis. Intraperitoneal administration of different doses of C4S (for 25 days), ameliorated all the symptoms of inflammation in the articular knee and paw joints, limited lipid peroxidation, inhibited NF-kB activation and IkBα protein loss, decreased mRNA MMP-13 and caspases expression and their related protein, restored endogenous antioxidants, and reduced PMN accumulation in the damaged cartilage. Conclusion The evidence that C4S was able to inhibit NF-kB and apoptosis activation supports the hypothesis that the C4S effect depends on reduction of ROS production, although other direct effects cannot be excluded.

Published
2008
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35. The antioxidant activity of chondroitin-4-sulphate, in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatitis in mice, involves NF-κB and caspase activation

Author

Alberto Calatroni, Carmela Alessandra Rugolo, Giancarlo Nastasi, Giuseppe M. Campo, Angela Avenoso, Paola Traina, Salvatore Campo, and Angela D'Ascola

Subjects
Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, Liver injury, Reactive oxygen species, biology, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Superoxide dismutase, Lipid peroxidation, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biochemistry, Apoptosis, biology.protein, Hepatic stellate cell, medicine, Caspase, Oxidative stress
Abstract

Background and purpose: Reactive oxygen species (ROC) are the main causes of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury. Chondroitin-4-sulphate (C4S) is known to inhibit lipid peroxidation through antioxidant mechanisms. Activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and caspases may strongly intensify inflammation and cell damage, in addition to that directly exerted by ROS. We investigated whether treatment with C4S, besides exerting antioxidant activity, was able to modulate NF-κB and apoptosis activation in CCl4-induced liver injury in mice. Experimental approach: Acute hepatitis was induced in mice by an i.p. injection of CCl4. Varying doses of C4S were administered i.p. 1 h before, 6 and 12 h after CCl4 injection. 24 h after CCl4 injection, the mice were killed for biochemical and histological analysis. Key results: CCl4 injection produced: marked elevation of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase; hepatic membrane lipid peroxidation, assayed by 8-isoprostane levels; and depletion of reduced glutathione and superoxide dismutase. CCl4 also decreased NF-κB translocation and IkBα, and increased gene expression of mRNA and protein of metalloproteases (MMP)-2 and -9, and of pro- and cleaved forms of caspases-3 and -7. There was also increased liver polymorphonuclear infiltration, evaluated by elastase assay, and hepatic cell disruption. C4S treatment inhibited lipid peroxidation; blocked NF-κB activation and IkBα protein loss; decreased mRNA and proteins for MMPs and caspases; restored endogenous antioxidants; limited hepatic polymorphonuclear accumulation and tissue damage. Conclusions and implications: As antioxidants may inhibit NF-κB and caspase activation, we hypothesize that treatment with C4S was able to inhibit NF-κB and apoptosis activation in hepatic injury. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 155, 945–956; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.338; published online 25 August 2008

Published
2008

36. Beta-arrestin-2 negatively modulates inflammation response in mouse chondrocytes induced by 4-mer hyaluronan oligosaccharide

Author

Angela Avenoso, Michele Scuruchi, Angela D'Ascola, Alberto Calatroni, Salvatore Campo, and Giuseppe M. Campo

Subjects
Male, Arrestins, G protein, Clinical Biochemistry, Gene Expression, Biology, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Beta-Arrestin-2, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chondrocytes, Animals, Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, hyaluronan, NF-kB, chondrocytes, cytokines,TLR-4, Beta-arrestin, p-38MAPK, Hyaluronic Acid, Protein kinase A, Molecular Biology, Cells, Cultured, beta-Arrestins, Inflammation, Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Beta-Arrestins, Interleukin-17, NF-kappa B, Signal transducing adaptor protein, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases, beta-Arrestin 2, Molecular biology, Toll-Like Receptor 4, chemistry, Mice, Inbred DBA, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Inflammation Mediators, Signal transduction, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Beta-arrestin-2 is an adaptor protein that terminates G protein activation and seems to be involved in the modulation of the inflammatory response. Small hyaluronan (HA) fragments, such as 4-mer HA oligosaccharides, are known to interact with the toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) with consequent activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB) that in turn stimulates the inflammation response. NF-kB activation is mediated by different pathways, in particular by the transforming growth factor-activated kinase-1 (TAK-1). Conversely, increased levels of protein kinase A (PKA), induced by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), seem to inhibit NF-kB activation. We studied the involvement and role of beta-arrestin-2 in mouse chondrocytes stimulated with 4-mer HA fragments. The exposure of chondrocytes to 4-mer HA produced a significant up-regulation in TLR-4, cAMP, beta-arrestin-2, TAK-1, protein 38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK), and PKA, both in terms of mRNA expression and of the related protein levels. NF-kB was significantly activated, thereby producing the transcription of pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-17. The treatment of 4-mer HA-stimulated chondrocytes with antibodies against beta-arrestin-2 and/or a specific PKA inhibitor, significantly increased the inflammatory response, while the treatment with a specific p38MAPK inhibitor significantly reduced the inflammatory response. Interestingly, the anti-inflammatory action exerted by beta-arrestin-2 appeared to be mediated in part through the direct inhibition of p38MAPK, preventing NF-kB activation, and in part through cAMP and PKA activation primed by G protein signaling, which exerted an inhibitory effect on NF-kB. Taken together, these results could be useful for future anti-inflammatory strategies.

Published
2015

37. Purified human plasma glycosaminoglycans limit oxidative injury induced by iron plus ascorbate in skin fibroblast cultures

Author

Giuseppe M. Campo, Alberto Calatroni, Angela Avenoso, Angela D'Ascola, Alida M. Ferlazzo, Salvatore Campo, and Dario Samà

Subjects
Adult, Male, Antioxidant, Free Radicals, Cell Survival, DNA damage, Iron, medicine.medical_treatment, Ascorbic Acid, Toxicology, Protein oxidation, medicine.disease_cause, Antioxidants, Lipid peroxidation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Lactate dehydrogenase, medicine, Humans, Cells, Cultured, Glycosaminoglycans, Free-radical theory of aging, General Medicine, Glutathione, Fibroblasts, Middle Aged, Molecular biology, Oxidative Stress, chemistry, Biochemistry, Female, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative stress, DNA Damage
Abstract

A number of studies in vivo and in vitro showed that high levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are found as a consequence of free radical damage. The GAG over production may represent an endogenous mechanism capable to limit oxidative damage. Based on these hypotheses, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant property of GAGs of human origin in fibroblast cultures. Purified human plasma GAGs were added to the fibroblast cultures in which oxidative stress was induced by the oxidizing system employing iron (Fe2+) plus ascorbate. We assessed cell death, lactate dehydrogenase activity, membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation, hydroxyl radical (OH) generation and endogenous antioxidant depletion. The exposure of fibroblasts to FeSO4 produced cell death and increased OH production. It also caused DNA strand breaks and protein oxidation as shown by the DNA fragment analysis and protein carbonyl content, respectively. In addition, FeSO4 enhanced lactate dehydrogenase activity and lipid peroxidation while decreased antioxidant defences. Purified human GAGs, at three different doses, reduced cell death, limited DNA fragmentation and protein oxidation, decreased OH generation and lactate dehydrogenase activity, inhibited lipid peroxidation and improved endogenous antioxidant defences. These results further support the hypothesis that these molecules may function as antioxidants.

Published
2005

38. Reduction of DNA Fragmentation and Hydroxyl Radical Production by Hyaluronic Acid and Chondroitin-4-sulphate in Iron Plus Ascorbate-induced Oxidative Stress in Fibroblast Cultures

Author

Alida M. Ferlazzo, Salvatore Campo, Angela Avenoso, Alberto Calatroni, Giuseppe M. Campo, and Angela D'Ascola

Subjects
Antioxidant, Cell Survival, DNA damage, medicine.medical_treatment, Ascorbic Acid, DNA Fragmentation, medicine.disease_cause, Protein oxidation, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, Lipid peroxidation, Superoxide dismutase, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, Humans, Ferrous Compounds, Hyaluronic Acid, Cells, Cultured, Glycosaminoglycans, Free-radical theory of aging, biology, Hydroxyl Radical, Superoxide Dismutase, Chemistry, Chondroitin Sulfates, General Medicine, Fibroblasts, Catalase, Alkadienes, Oxidative Stress, biology.protein, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative stress, DNA Damage
Abstract

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), components of extracellular matrix, are thought to play important roles in cell proliferation and differentiation in the repair process of injured tissue. Oxidative stress is one of the most frequent causes of tissue and cell injury and the consequent lipid peroxidation is the main manifestation of free radical damage. It has been found to play an important role in the evolution of cell death. Since several reports have shown that hyaluronic acid (HYA) and chondroitin-4-sulphate (C4S) are able to inhibit lipid peroxidation during oxidative stress, We investigated the antioxidant capacity of these GAGs in reducing oxidative damage in fibroblast cultures. Free radicals production was induced by the oxidizing system employing iron (Fe2+) plus ascorbate. We evaluated cell death, membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, protein oxidation, hydroxyl radical (OH*) generation and endogenous antioxidant depletion in human skin fibroblast cultures. The exposition of fibroblasts to FeSO4 and ascorbate caused inhibition of cell growth and cell death, increased OH* production determined by the aromatic trap method; furthermore it caused DNA strand breaks and protein oxidation as shown by the DNA fragments analysis and protein carbonyl content, respectively. Moreover, it enhanced lipid peroxidation evaluated by the analysis of conjugated dienes (CD) and decreased antioxidant defenses assayed by means of measurement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. When fibroblasts were treated with two different doses of HYA or C4S a protective effect, following oxidative stress induction, was shown. In fact these GAGs were able to limit cell death, reduced DNA fragmentation and protein oxidation, decreased OH* generation, inhibited lipid peroxidation and improved antioxidant defenses. Our results confirm the antioxidant activity of HYA and C4S and this could represent a useful step in the understanding of the exact role played by GAGs in living organisms.

Published
2004

39. Glycosaminoglycans reduce oxidative damage induced by copper (Cu+2), iron (Fe+2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human fibroblast cultures

Author

Giuseppe M. Campo, Angela Avenoso, Angela D'Ascola, Alberto Calatroni, Laura Zanghì, Carmelo Micali, Salvatore Campo, and Alida M. Ferlazzo

Subjects
Antioxidant, Cell Survival, glycosaminoglycans, lipid peroxidation, fibroblasts, oxidative stress, free radicals, cellular cultures, antioxidants, Iron, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Antioxidants, Superoxide dismutase, Lipid peroxidation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Lactate dehydrogenase, medicine, Humans, Fibroblast, Molecular Biology, Glycosaminoglycans, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, biology, Hydrogen Peroxide, Cell Biology, Glutathione, Fibroblasts, Malondialdehyde, Oxidative Stress, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, biology.protein, Lipid Peroxidation, Copper, Oxidative stress
Abstract

Acid glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) antioxidant activity was assessed in a fibroblast culture system by evaluating reduction of oxidative system-induced damage. Three different methods to induce oxidative stress in human skin fibroblast cultures were used. In the first protocol cells were treated with CuSO4 plus ascorbate. In the second experiment fibroblasts were exposed to FeSO4 plus ascorbate. In the third system H2O2 was utilised. The exposition of fibroblasts to each one of the three oxidant systems caused inhibition of cell growth and cell death, increase of lipid peroxidation evaluated by the analysis of malondialdehyde (MDA), decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and rise of lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH). The treatment with commercial GAGs at different doses showed beneficial effects in all oxidative models. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin-4-sulphate (C4S) exhibited the highest protection. However, the cells exposed to CuSO4 plus ascorbate and FeSO4 plus ascorbate were better protected by GAGs compared to those exposed to H2O2. These outcomes confirm the antioxidant properties of GAGs and further support the hypothesis that these molecules may function as metal chelators. Published in 2004.

Published
2003

40. Crater formation by single ions, cluster ions and ion 'showers'

Author

Mauro Taborelli, Sergio Calatroni, Juha Samela, Flyura Djurabekova, Kai Nordlund, Walter Wuensch, and Helga Timko

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Molecular dynamics, Impact crater, Physics::Plasma Physics, Chemistry, Electric field, Cluster (physics), Plasma, Atomic physics, Ion gun, Instrumentation, Event (particle physics), Ion
Abstract

The various craters formed by giant objects, macroscopic collisions and nanoscale impacts exhibit an intriguing resemblance in shapes. At the same time, the arc plasma built up in the presence of sufficiently high electric fields at close look causes very similar damage on the surfaces. Although the plasma–wall interaction is far from a single heavy ion impact over dense metal surfaces or the one of a cluster ion, the craters seen on metal surfaces after a plasma discharge make it possible to link this event to the known mechanisms of the crater formations. During the plasma discharge in a high electric field the surface is subject to high fluxes (∼1025 cm−2 s−1) of ions with roughly equal energies typically of the order of a few keV. To simulate such a process it is possible to use a cloud of ions of the same energy. In the present work we follow the effect of such a flux of ions impinging the surface in the “shower” manner, to find the transition between the different mechanisms of crater formation. We also introduce the “shower”-like regime of ion bombardment (underdense cloud of ions) as a subsequent regime between the single ion impact (a rare “shower”) and cluster ions (densely packed cloud).

Published
2012

41. Improved high-performance liquid chromatographic method to estimate aminosugars and its application to glycosaminoglycan determination in plasma and serum

Author

Alberto Calatroni, Rosalia Vinci, Alida M. Ferlazzo, Giuseppe M. Campo, and Salvatore Campo

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Chromatography, Elution, Amino Sugars, General Chemistry, Fractionation, Uronic acid, Reference Standards, Sensitivity and Specificity, High-performance liquid chromatography, Standard curve, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Aminosugar, Calibration, Monosaccharide, Quantitative analysis (chemistry), Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Glycosaminoglycans
Abstract

An improved isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the analysis of L-(-)-fucose. D-(+)-galactosamine, D-(+)-glucosamine, D-(+)-galactose, obtained by hydrolysis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and D-(+)-glucose and D-(+)-mannose is described. The presence in circulation of GAGs, acid polysaccharide sequences of alternate monosaccharide units, aminosugar and uronic acid (galactose in keratan sulfate), has been measured in terms of their sugar components. To evaluate concentration of these circulating sugars we considered blood samples obtained from healthy humans. Plasma or serum was filtered through weak anion-exchange Ecteola-cellulose either untreated or after mild alkaline treatment. GAGs adhering to resin were recovered by salt elution, and desalted on Bio-Gel P-2 resin. GAG fractionation by charge was carried out on a strong anion exchanger. GAG composition was evaluated in terms of galactose and aminosugars, measured in HPLC by the proposed procedure using anion-exchange resin and pulsed amperometric detection. The mobile phase consisted of 0.02 M NaOH and elution was carried out at flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. The amperometric detector was set as follows: t1 (0.5 s), E1 (+0.1 V); t2 (0.09 s), E2 (+0.6 V); t3 (0.05 s), E3 (-0.6 V). The analysis required 14 min. Calibration standard curves for the six analytes were linear from 0.25 to 40 microM. RSD values for intra- and inter-day variabilities were < or = 5.3% at concentrations between 0.25 and 40 microM. Accuracy, expressed as percentage error, ranged from - 16 to 14%. The method was specific and sensitive with quantitation limits of 1 pmol for L-(-)-fucose, D-galactosamine and D-glucosamine, 3 pmol for D-(+)-galactose and D-(+)-glucose and 5 pmol for D-(+)-mannose. The results of the assay showed higher GAG concentrations in serum than in plasma.

Published
2001

42. Fluxon induced surface resistance and field emission in niobium films at 1.5 GHz

Author

P. Darriulat, M.A. Peck, A.-M. Valente, Cristoforo Benvenuti, Sergio Calatroni, and C.A. Van 't Hof

Subjects
Superconductivity, Flux pinning, Materials science, Fluxon, Condensed matter physics, Niobium, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Magnetic flux, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Surface conductivity, Field electron emission, chemistry, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Sheet resistance
Abstract

The surface resistance of superconducting niobium films induced by the presence of trapped magnetic flux, presumably in the form of a pinned fluxon lattice, is shown to be modified by the presence of a field emitting impurity or defect. The modification takes the form of an additional surface resistance proportional to the density of the fluxon lattice and increasing linearly with the amplitude of the microwave above a threshold significantly lower than the field emission threshold. Such an effect, precursor of electron emission, is observed here for the first time in a study using radiofrequency cavities operated at their fundamental 1.5 GHz frequency. The measured properties of the additional surface resistance severely constrain possible explanations of the observed effect.

Published
2001

43. Fluxon pinning in niobium films

Author

Cristoforo Benvenuti, P. Darriulat, M.A. Peck, A.-M. Valente, and Sergio Calatroni

Subjects
Superconductivity, Flux pinning, Materials science, Fluxon, Condensed matter physics, Niobium, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, Noble gas, Sputter deposition, Condensed Matter Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Magnetic flux, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry, Sputtering, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract

Resistive losses induced by the presence of trapped magnetic flux in niobium superconducting films have been studied using 1.5 GHz microwaves. They are measured to span a very broad spectrum depending on the film-substrate interface and on the gas used in the sputtering discharge. An interpretation in terms of pinning by noble gas clusters is considered.

Published
2001

44. Phase transition study of superheated planar arrays of tin cylinders

Author

Sergio Calatroni, M. Hauser, S. Sgobba, Klaus Peter Pretzl, Sara Casalbuoni, G. Czapek, W. Vollenberg, F. Hasenbalg, and S. Janos

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, Condensed matter physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Planar array, chemistry.chemical_element, Substrate (electronics), Kapton, Superheating, chemistry, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Composite material, Supercooling, Tin, Instrumentation, FOIL method
Abstract

We have investigated the superheating and the supercooling fields of a planar array of tin cylinders with diameters ranging from 40 to 80 μm and thickness 8.3 μm evaporated onto a glass substrate and onto a kapton foil. Experimental values of the Ginzburg–Landau parameter have been obtained and compared with results from tin spheres. The spread of the superheating curves is below 5%.

Published
2001

45. Improvement of the phase transition homogeneity of superheated superconducting tin granules

Author

Karl Ulrich Kainer, B. Sahli, Ch.P. Wyss, G. Czapek, F. Hasenbalg, Sergio Calatroni, U. Moser, W. Vollenberg, M. Hauser, V.G. Palmieri, S. Janos, S. Sgobba, Klaus Peter Pretzl, T. Ebert, K. M. Knoop, and Sara Casalbuoni

Subjects
Superconductivity, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, Condensed matter physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Vacuum evaporation, chemistry, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Homogeneity (physics), SPHERES, Tin, Instrumentation, Order of magnitude
Abstract

A considerably improved phase transition homogeneity was observed with superheated superconducting Sn spheres as a result of laser melting and fast cooling. These spheres exhibited a very homogeneous phase transition behaviour independent of the orientation of the spheres with respect to the direction of the external magnetic field. Compared to previously untreated Sn spheres the spread of the phase transition boundaries was reduced by almost an order of magnitude. In addition, we studied mass production of Sn structures using vacuum evaporation and deposition. First encouraging results are reported.

Published
2000

46. Study of the surface resistance of superconducting niobium films at 1.5 GHz

Author

M.A. Peck, Sergio Calatroni, A.-M. Valente, Roberto Russo, P. Darriulat, I. E. Campisi, and Cristoforo Benvenuti

Subjects
Superconductivity, Materials science, Flux pinning, Condensed matter physics, Mean free path, Niobium, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Surface conductivity, Engineering, chemistry, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Penetration depth, Sheet resistance, Microwave
Abstract

A systematic study of superconducting properties of niobium films sputtered on the inner wall of radiofrequency cavities is presented. The measured quantities include in particular the response to 1.5 GHz microwaves, the critical temperature, the penetration depth and the magnetic penetration field. In addition to films grown in different gas discharges (Xe, Kr, Ar and Ar/Ne mixtures) and to films grown on substrates prepared under different conditions, the study also includes bulk niobium cavities. The surface resistance is analysed in terms of its dependence on temperature, on RF field and, when relevant, on the density of trapped fluxons. A simple parameterisation is found to give a good fit to the data. Once allowance for the presence of impurities and defects is made by means of a single parameter, the electron mean free path, good agreement with BCS theory is observed. The fluxon-induced losses are studied in detail and their dependence on RF field, on temperature and on the density of trapped fluxons is analysed. The residual resistance is observed to be essentially uncorrelated with the other variables, suggesting that it is dominantly extragranular. In occasions very low residual resistances, in the n Omega range, have been maintained over a broad range of RF field, indicating the absence of significant fundamental limitations specific to the film technology in practical applications such as the production of accelerating cavities for particle accelerators. (130 refs).

Published
1999

47. Increased concentration of circulating acid glycosaminoglycans in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and essential thrombocythaemia

Author

Luana Calabrò, Caterina Musolino, Rosalia Vinci, Alberto Calatroni, and Giovanna Spatari

Subjects
Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, GlycosaminoglycansChondroitin sulphateHeparan sulphateChronic lymphocytic leukaemiaEssential thrombocythaemiaHuman blood, Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Clinical Biochemistry, Biology, Polysaccharide, Biochemistry, NO, Glycosaminoglycan, chemistry.chemical_compound, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Internal medicine, Hyaluronic acid, medicine, Humans, Platelet, Hyaluronic Acid, Aged, Glycosaminoglycans, Aged, 80 and over, Thrombocytosis, chemistry.chemical_classification, Lymphocytic leukaemia, Heparan sulphate, Biochemistry (medical), General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, carbohydrates (lipids), Endocrinology, chemistry, Immunology
Abstract

To verify whether the increase in the number of circulating blood cells that synthesize glycosaminoglycans, B-lymphocytes or platelets, in proliferative disorders, may be associated with changes in the circulation of acid glycosaminoglycans, the serum and plasma concentrations of these polysaccharides have been measured in terms of their sugar components, following isolation and purification by chromatographic methods, in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or with essential thrombocythaemia and in healthy controls. In the patients, the concentrations of total circulating glycosaminoglycans and of both glucosamine-containing and galactosamine-containing serum glycosaminoglycans were significantly higher than in controls. These concentrations did not significantly correlate with the number of lymphocytes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and of platelets in patients with essential thrombocythaemia. Analytical data suggest that excess glycosaminoglycans are mainly composed of chondroitin sulphate molecules and contain heparan sulphate structures.

Published
1998

48. Improvement of the phase transition boundary with cylindrical tin arrays

Author

W. Vollenberg, Klaus Peter Pretzl, Pascal Wicht, Sergio Calatroni, Federico Hasenbalg, S. Janos, and S. Sgobba

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Phase transition, chemistry, Condensed matter physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Dark matter, Boundary (topology), chemistry.chemical_element, Tin, Instrumentation
Abstract

One of the limitations of the ORPHEUS dark matter detector performances was the phase transition smearing of the spherical granules. This could be dramatically improved by the use of cylindrical tin arrays. Results of measurements with prototypes are shown.

Published
2006

49. Concentration and Composition of Serum and Plasma Glycosaminoglycans in Domestic Animal Species

Author

Adriana Ferlazzo, Salvatore Campo, Rosalia Vinci, Alida M. Ferlazzo, and Alberto Calatroni

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, medicine.medical_specialty, Chromatography, Physiology, Horse, Biochemistry, Hexosamines, Fucose, Glycosaminoglycan, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Chondroitin sulphate, chemistry, Domestic animal, Galactose, Internal medicine, medicine, Composition (visual arts), Molecular Biology
Abstract

Acid glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were isolated from serum and/or plasma of some domestic animals and the composition of the isolated GAG mixtures were studied. Mean values of total GAG concentration, in terms of hexuronic acid, ranged from a maximum of about 12 mg/l in serum of calves, trained horses and sheep to about 9 mg/l in serum of cows and donkeys and in plasma of trained horses to about 6.5 mg/l in sedentary horse serum and rabbit plasma to a minimum of 4 mg/l in dog serum and sedentary horse plasma. Statistically significant differences in total GAG concentrations (P < 0.0005) were found in horses between plasma and serum and also between sedentary and trained subjects. Chondroitin sulphate was the main component in serum and plasma GAG mixtures, accounting for 81–84% of total GAGs in the examined animals, except in cow serum (72%), trained horse plasma (75.5%) and sheep serum (87%). Keratan sulphate-like structures, measured as galactose, ranged from 12% in sheep serum to 17% in cattle serum. Fucose was associated with galactose in GAG fractions, which supports the hypothesis that articular cartilage is among the sites of origin of circulating GAGs.

Published
1997

50. Combined treatment with hyaluronan inhibitor Pep-1 and a selective adenosine A2 receptor agonist reduces inflammation in experimental arthritis

Author

Domenico Puzzolo, Antonio Micali, Angela Avenoso, Salvatore Campo, Antonina Pisani, Angela D'Ascola, Giancarlo Nastasi, Giuseppe M. Campo, Alberto Calatroni, Vera Prestipino, and Michele Scuruchi

Subjects
Male, Adenosine, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Arthritis, Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Mice, Hyaluronic Acid, Receptor, hyaluronan, arthritis, inflammation, Cells, Cultured, Chemistry, Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists, Hyaluronan Receptors, Infectious Diseases, Mice, Inbred DBA, Models, Animal, Cytokines, Inflammation Mediators, medicine.symptom, medicine.drug, Agonist, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Immunology, Inflammation, Receptor, Adenosine A2B, Microbiology, Internal medicine, Matrix Metalloproteinase 13, medicine, Animals, Humans, Synovial fluid, Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Adenosine A3 receptor, Arthritis, Experimental, Toll-Like Receptor 2, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Endocrinology, Gene Expression Regulation, Proteolysis, TLR4, Joints, Peptides
Abstract

Investigations have suggested degradation of native hyaluronan (HA) into small oligosaccharides as being involved in the development and progression of inflammatory diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Inflammatory responses occur by modulating the TLR4 and 2, and the CD44 natural HA receptor. As reported recently, the adenosine A2 receptor (A2AR) plays an important anti-inflammatory role in arthritis. TLR4, TLR2 and CD44 stimulation activate NF-κB, which stimulates the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other mediators. In contrast, A2AR stimulation inhibits NF-κB activation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined treatment of HA inhibitor Pep-1 and a selective A2AR agonist (CV-1808) in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice. Arthritis was induced via intradermal injection of bovine collagen-II. Mice were treated with Pep-1 plus CV-1808 intraperitoneally daily for 20 d. CIA increased TLR4, TLR2, CD44 and A2AR mRNA expression and the related proteins in the joint cartilage of arthritic mice, where significantly increased concentrations were of TNF-α, IL-1-β, IL-17, matrix metalloprotease-13 and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Pep-1 with CV-1808 treatment significantly reduced CIA damage and all the up-regulated biochemical parameters. These reductions were supported by microscopic analysis and synovial fluid HA levels.

Published
2013

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